词形和简单现在时

• nouns ——common nouns， proper nouns， pronouns （普通名词 ，专有名词 ，代词）
• verbs
• adjectives

• A noun is a person , place , or things
• A verb is an action word
• A adjective is a word that describes

common nouns：student，city，car ，street

proper nouns：Mary ， New York，Mercedes Benz，Sunset Boulevard

capital letters

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

lower case letters

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

We start every sentence with a capital letter

pronouns

	singular (单数)	plural（复数）
1st person	I (am)， I’m (not)	we (are)， we’re (not)
2nd person	you (are) ，you’re (not)	you (are) ，you’re (not)
3rd person	he (is)， he’s (not) she (is) ，she’s (not) it (is)， it’s (not)	they (are)， they’re (not)

The pronoun ‘I’ is always a capital letter

BE is a verb , but it is not an action word

subject + BE + more information (noun , adjective , place)

Singular=1：book

Plural=2 or more：books

vowels（元音）: a e i o u

consonants（辅音）：b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z

• For most nouns, add’s’. ——for example: boys, birds, trucks, oranges
• Add ‘es’ for -s, -ch, -sh, -x, and -z endings. ——for example: boxes, dress, dishes, inches
• For nouns that end with a consonant + y, drop the y and add ies. ——for example: babies, cities, chrries, French fries
• Notice the difference. ——vowel+y （+s） , consonant+y （-y+ies）
• Some nouns have irregular plural forms.
  • 1：man，womam，child，person，tooth，leaf，mouse
  • 2+：men，women，children，people，teeth，leaves，mice

We use articles before a singular noun. Use ‘an’ before a vowel sound.

Adjective come before nouns.

This is the verb chart for ‘have’ , ‘do’ , ‘go’ and simple present.

I (have/do/go/talk)	we (have/do/go/talk)
you (have/do/go/talk)	you (have/do/go/talk)
he (has/does/go/talks) she (has/does/go/talks) it (has/does/go/talks)	they (have/do/go/talk)

Frequency words：always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

Add ’s’ . Add ‘es’ when a verb ends with -s -ch -sh -x, and -z. Drop ‘y’ and add ‘ies’ when a verb ends with consonant.

possessive

my	our
your	your
his her its	their

Put the apostrophe (‘) after the ‘s’ for plurals.

1 boy’s sisters . 2 boy’s sisters

Add ‘do’ or ‘does’ and ‘not’ between the subject and the verb.

Form a question with BE

He	is	a musician.
Is	he	a musician?
The trees	are	tall.
Are	the trees	tall?

subject↔verb

To answer yes, use the subject+BE. To answer no, use the subject+BE+not.

Yes(No), I am (not).	Yes(No), we are (not).
Yes(No), you are (not).	Yes(No), you are (not).
Yes(No), he is (not). Yes(No), she is (not). Yes(No), it is (not).	Yes(No), they are (not).

We use ‘there is’ and ‘there are’ to describe.

• There is/are……
• Is/Are there……?
• Yes(No), there is/are (not)

Do/Does + subject + verb …?

Michael works at a high school.

Does Michael like his job?

We only need one ‘s’.