单词A2

💡 abolish /əˈbɒlɪʃ/

verb [T](正式用语)

🔹核心释义(Core Meaning)

1. 废除;废止;取消(法律、制度、习俗等)

to officially end a law, a system, or an institution

📘 Oxford Examples:

The death penalty was abolished in Britain in 1965.  英国于1965年废除了死刑。 Slavery was abolished in the 19th century.  奴隶制度在19世纪被废除。 The government pledged to abolish school fees for primary education.  政府承诺取消小学学费。

💬 说明:

该词用于正式语体,表示“彻底终止、正式取消”由法律或制度确立的事物。

🔹常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

含义

abolish slavery

废除奴隶制

abolish capital punishment / the death penalty

废除死刑

abolish discrimination / inequality

消除歧视/不平等

abolish taxes / fees / tariffs

取消税费/关税

abolish monarchy / institution / system

废除君主制/体制/制度

🔹同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义

区别

eliminate

消除、根除(更广义)

不一定是正式废除

eradicate

根除(疾病、坏习惯)

常用于社会问题或负面现象

repeal

废除(法律条文)

法律语专用,正式场合更常见

annul

取消(合同、婚姻、法律效力)

法律正式语

invalidate

使无效

偏法律或逻辑语体

🔹反义词(Antonyms)

词汇

含义

establish

建立

enact

颁布(法律)

institute

制定,设立

📘 Example:

A new tax system was instituted after the old one was abolished.  旧税制废除后,新的税制被建立。

🔹语法说明(Grammar Notes)

动词形式:abolishes, abolishing, abolished 常见结构: abolish + 名词(law / system / rule) 不接动名词或从句(❌ abolish doing sth)

✅ 正确用法:

The government decided to abolish the outdated system.

❌ 错误用法:

✗ The government decided to abolish using the system.

🔹派生词(Word Family)

词形

词性

含义

示例

abolition

noun [U]

废除;取消

the abolition of slavery

abolitionist

noun [C]

废奴主义者;主张废除者

Many abolitionists fought for human rights.

abolitionism

noun [U]

废奴主义(政治运动)

19th-century abolitionism was a global cause.

🔹雅思学术语境(IELTS Academic Usage)

在 IELTS 写作 Task 2 中,abolish 常用于表达政府政策改革、教育制度变更、或社会正义议题:

📘 范例句:

Some people believe that the government should abolish university tuition fees to promote equal opportunities.

一些人认为政府应废除大学学费以促进平等机会。

📘 高级替换句:

Capital punishment should be abolished as it violates fundamental human rights.

死刑应被废除,因为它侵犯了基本人权。

📘 雅思作文高分句型模板:

It is widely argued that outdated regulations ought to be abolished to encourage innovation.

普遍认为,过时的规定应予以废除以促进创新。

🔹搭配词组(Common Phrases)

短语

含义

示例

call for the abolition of

呼吁废除……

Activists are calling for the abolition of animal testing.

be in favour of abolishing

支持废除……

Many citizens are in favour of abolishing the monarchy.

move to abolish

采取行动废除……

The parliament moved to abolish the outdated tax system.

seek to abolish

试图废除……

The reform aims to abolish gender discrimination.

🔹词源(Etymology)

来自中古法语 abolir,源自拉丁语 abolēre = “to destroy, put an end to”(结束、废除)。

词根:ab-(离开)+ olēre(成长、滋生) → “使不再存在”。

🔹发音与重音(Pronunciation)

/əˈbɒlɪʃ/ 🇬🇧  /əˈbɑːlɪʃ/ 🇺🇸

重音在第二音节 -bol-。

🔹雅思词汇替换表(IELTS Upgrade Table)

基础词

高级替换

说明

stop / end

abolish

正式、政策语体

cancel

abolish

正式场合(制度、法律)

get rid of

abolish

书面、学术语体替换

remove

abolish

若对象为制度或法规

🔹记忆技巧(Memory Tip)

abolish = “a” (使) + “bol” (成长) + “ish” (动词后缀)

👉 “使不再存在” → “废除、取消”。

联想:abolish = put an end to something officially。

🌟 总结表(Summary)

项目

内容

词性

动词(正式)

核心义

废除、废止、取消制度或法律

名词形式

abolition

常见搭配

abolish slavery / abolish the death penalty / abolish a law

反义词

establish / enact / institute

雅思用途

政治、教育、社会议题类作文必备学术动词

💡 abortion /əˈbɔːʃn/

noun [C, U]

🔹核心释义(Core Meanings)

1. (医学)堕胎;流产

the deliberate ending of a pregnancy at an early stage

📘 Oxford Examples:

She decided to have an abortion.  她决定做人工流产。 Abortion is a highly controversial issue in many countries.  堕胎在许多国家都是一个极具争议的问题。 The new law restricts access to abortion after 12 weeks of pregnancy.  新法律限制怀孕12周后的堕胎。

💬 说明:

指 人为终止妊娠(人工流产,induced abortion),与自然流产(miscarriage)区分。

2. (医学)自然流产(旧义)

(old use) the loss of a baby before it is able to live outside the mother’s body

📘 Example:

She suffered two abortions before having a successful pregnancy.  她在成功怀孕前经历了两次流产。

💬 说明:

在现代英语中,这个义项已被 miscarriage 取代。

现代英语中说 “She had a miscarriage” 比 “She had an abortion” 更自然。

🔹常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

含义

示例

have an abortion

做人工流产

She had an abortion at a private clinic.

illegal abortion

非法堕胎

Many women died from illegal abortions.

safe abortion

安全堕胎

Access to safe abortion is a human right.

abortion law / policy

堕胎法/政策

The country is revising its abortion laws.

abortion rights

堕胎权

Women’s abortion rights are under debate.

abortion clinic

堕胎诊所

Protesters gathered outside the abortion clinic.

anti-abortion

反对堕胎的

He is a well-known anti-abortion activist.

pro-abortion / pro-choice

支持堕胎权的

Pro-abortion groups argue for women’s autonomy.

🔹常见短语与表达(Common Phrases)

短语

含义

示例

abortion ban

堕胎禁令

The government introduced a strict abortion ban.

abortion debate

有关堕胎的辩论

The abortion debate divides public opinion.

access to abortion

获得堕胎服务的权利

Many rural areas lack access to abortion services.

abortion rights movement

堕胎权运动

The abortion rights movement grew in the 1970s.

🔹同义词与相关词(Synonyms & Related Terms)

词汇

含义

用法说明

termination (of pregnancy)

正式用语,终止妊娠

医学或法律用语

miscarriage

自然流产

非人为造成

stillbirth

死胎

婴儿出生时已死亡

contraception

避孕

相关但不同概念

🔹反义词(Antonyms)

词汇

含义

birth / childbirth

出生,分娩

pregnancy continuation

怀孕维持

🔹派生词(Word Family)

词形

词性

含义

示例

abort

v.

中止;使流产

The mission had to be aborted due to bad weather.

aborted

adj.

被中止的;发育不全的

an aborted attempt / an aborted plan

abortionist

n.

(过时用)堕胎施术者

The abortionist was arrested.

anti-abortion

adj./n.

反堕胎的(人)

anti-abortion laws / activists

🔹语法说明(Grammar Notes)

不可数时:指“堕胎这种行为” → Abortion is illegal in some countries. 可数时:指“具体一次堕胎” → She had two abortions before having a baby.

🔹雅思学术语境(IELTS Academic Use)

在 IELTS 写作 Task 2 中,abortion 常出现在 社会伦理、性别平权、医疗政策 等议题中。

考官关注的是你如何保持 客观与中性,避免情绪化语言。

📘 雅思高分句式示例:

(1) Some people believe that abortion should be legalised to protect women’s health and freedom of choice.

有人认为应将堕胎合法化,以保护女性的健康和选择权。

(2) Opponents argue that abortion is morally wrong and should be strictly regulated.

反对者认为堕胎在道德上是错误的,应受到严格限制。

(3) The abortion debate reflects deeper social issues concerning religion and human rights.

堕胎辩论反映出宗教与人权等更深层次的社会问题。

🔹雅思作文表达升级(IELTS Writing Upgrade Table)

普通表达

高级替换(含 abortion)

语体

stop pregnancy

terminate a pregnancy / have an abortion

正式、学术

make abortion legal

legalise abortion

政策语体

women should be free to decide

women should have the right to access abortion

学术、性别议题

abortion is not allowed

abortion is prohibited / banned

法律用语

🔹固定搭配(Collocation Patterns)

结构

示例句

verb + abortion

have / undergo / perform / ban / legalise / restrict abortion

noun + abortion

abortion law / abortion policy / abortion right / abortion clinic

adj. + abortion

safe / unsafe / legal / illegal / induced / spontaneous abortion

🔹词源(Etymology)

源自拉丁语 abortio(n-),来自 aboriri(意为“夭折、早产”),由前缀 ab-(离开)+ oriri(出生、出现)。

👉 原义:“出生前被终止” → “流产、堕胎”。

🔹发音(Pronunciation)

/əˈbɔːʃn/ 🇬🇧  /əˈbɔːrʃn/ 🇺🇸

重音在第二音节 -bor-。

🌟 总结表(Summary)

分类

内容

词性

名词 [C/U]

基本义

堕胎;流产

派生动词

abort

常见搭配

have an abortion / abortion law / abortion rights

同义词

termination (of pregnancy)

反义词

childbirth / pregnancy continuation

雅思主题

医疗伦理、女性权利、法律政策、社会争议

语体

正式、医学、社会学、法律英语

✅ 记忆技巧(Memory Tip)

abort + -ion = abortion

👉 “abort” = 中止(计划或过程) → “abortion” = “终止妊娠的过程”。

联想记忆:

abort a mission(中止任务) → abortion(中止怀孕)。

💡 abortive /əˈbɔːtɪv/

adjective [usually before noun](正式)

🔹核心释义(Core Meaning)

1. 失败的;未成功的;夭折的

(formal) unsuccessful; failing to produce the intended result

📘 Oxford Examples:

An abortive attempt to reform the system.  一次失败的制度改革尝试。 Their efforts to negotiate peace proved abortive.  他们为和平谈判所做的努力最终失败了。 The rebellion was quickly crushed after an abortive start.  那场叛乱刚开始就被镇压了。

💬 说明:

“abortive” 通常修饰名词,如 attempt, plan, effort, rebellion, mission, reform 等,

语气正式,常用于学术、历史、政治、科技语体中。

🔹常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

示例

abortive attempt

未遂的尝试

They made an abortive attempt to escape.

abortive effort

徒劳的努力

His abortive efforts to change policy disappointed him.

abortive plan / project

失败的计划/项目

The company abandoned its abortive plan to expand.

abortive coup / rebellion / revolution

流产的政变/叛乱/革命

The abortive coup failed within hours.

abortive reform / negotiation

失败的改革/谈判

The peace talks ended in an abortive round.

🔹同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义

用法说明

unsuccessful

未成功的(最通用)

中性词;适合一般语境

failed

失败的(直接明白)

略带贬义;较口语

futile

徒劳的(带“无意义”之意)

正式书面语,常修饰 effort/attempt

ineffectual

无效果的(正式)

强调“未达预期结果”

vain

徒劳的(文学语气)

in vain 常用于书面表达

fruitless

无成果的(正式)

强调“没有结果”而非努力缺乏

📘 雅思写作中推荐用法:

An abortive attempt → a futile attempt → an unsuccessful attempt

(由正式到中性)

🔹反义词(Antonyms)

词汇

含义

successful

成功的

effective

有效的

productive

富有成果的

📘 Example:

The reform was abortive, but the next attempt was successful.  那次改革失败了,但下一次尝试成功了。

🔹语法说明(Grammar Notes)

词性: 形容词 常用搭配结构: abortive + noun(形容词前置) 不作表语(少见:✗ The plan was abortive. → 改为:The plan ended in failure.) 副词形式: abortively(罕用) The talks ended abortively.

🔹派生词(Word Family)

词形

词性

含义

示例

abort

verb

使中止,流产

The mission was aborted due to a technical fault.

abortion

noun

流产,堕胎

The abortion debate remains heated.

abortive

adj.

失败的,夭折的

An abortive attempt to build consensus.

🔹雅思学术语境(IELTS Academic Usage)

abortive 在 IELTS Writing Task 2 或 Academic Writing 中常用于表达“改革、计划、协商等失败”:

📘 高分句式示例:

(1) Many countries have made abortive attempts to reform the education system.

许多国家曾进行过未遂的教育改革。

(2) The abortive efforts to reach an international agreement highlight the difficulty of global cooperation.

那些未能达成国际协议的努力凸显了全球合作的困难。

(3) Early environmental movements were abortive, but they laid the foundation for later success.

早期的环保运动虽然失败,但为后来的成功奠定了基础。

🔹搭配语义拓展(Extended Uses)

场景

表达

含义

政治 / 历史

abortive coup, abortive revolution

政变/革命失败

科技 / 工程

abortive launch, abortive test

发射/测试中止

商业 / 政策

abortive project, abortive merger

项目/并购失败

社会改革

abortive reform, abortive initiative

改革/倡议未果

🔹词源(Etymology)

源自拉丁语 abortivus,意为 “未成熟的、夭折的”,

来自动词 aboriri(夭折、流产),词根 ab-(离开)+ oriri(出生、产生)。

👉 原义:“在完成前被终止的”,延伸为“失败的、无果的”。

🔹发音(Pronunciation)

/əˈbɔːtɪv/ 🇬🇧  /əˈbɔːrtɪv/ 🇺🇸

重音在第二音节 -bor-。

🔹雅思写作替换表(IELTS Upgrade Table)

基础词

高级替换

示例句

failed attempt

abortive attempt

Their abortive attempt to change policy led to further discussion.

unsuccessful reform

abortive reform

The government’s abortive reform revealed deep political division.

fruitless effort

abortive effort

Scientists’ abortive efforts did not stop them from continuing.

broken plan

abortive plan

The abortive plan cost millions in losses.

🔹学术表达模板(IELTS Writing Templates)

🔸 Governments have made several abortive attempts to address climate change.

政府曾多次未能成功应对气候变化。

🔸 Despite abortive reforms, the education system remains outdated.

尽管改革多次失败,教育体系仍然落后。

🔸 Such abortive efforts demonstrate the complexity of international cooperation.

这些未遂的努力展示了国际合作的复杂性。

🌟 总结表(Summary)

项目

内容

词性

形容词

基本义

失败的;未遂的;夭折的

常见搭配

abortive attempt / reform / effort / coup

语体

正式(学术、政治、历史)

同义词

futile / fruitless / unsuccessful

反义词

successful / effective / productive

派生词

abort, abortion

雅思用途

Task 2(社会、政治、改革类作文)常见高级形容词

✅ 记忆技巧(Memory Tip)

abort + ive → abortive

👉 “abort(中止)” → “abortive(被中止的)”。

联想记忆:

abortive = stopped before success (成功之前就终止的)。

💡 about /əˈbaʊt/

🔹介词 (prep.) 🔹副词 (adv.) 🔹形容词 (adj.)(少见)

🔹【一、介词 preposition】

1. 关于;涉及(主题或内容)

concerning somebody/something; on the subject of somebody/something

📘 Examples:

a book about history — 一本关于历史的书 We were talking about politics. — 我们在谈论政治。 There’s something I want to ask you about. — 我有件事想问你。

💬 雅思写作常用:

The article is about the impact of climate change.

这篇文章讨论气候变化的影响。

🔸同义表达: concerning / regarding / relating to / in connection with

2. 大约;左右(数量、时间、距离等)

approximately

📘 Examples:

It’s about ten o’clock. — 大约十点钟。 There were about 50 people in the room. — 房间里大约有 50 人。 The trip will take about an hour. — 这次旅行大约需要一小时。

💬 学术用法:

The data were collected from about 200 participants.

3. 在……周围;在各处

surrounding somebody/something; in various places

📘 Examples:

He looked about the room. — 他环顾房间。 There were papers scattered about the floor. — 地板上到处是文件。

🔹常见搭配:

look about / wander about / move about / spread about

4. 从事于;忙于(做某事)

busy with something; involved in an activity

📘 Examples:

She’s about her work. — 她在忙她的工作。 They set about preparing for the exam. — 他们开始着手准备考试。

💬 固定短语:

be about to do sth = 即将做某事

🔹We’re about to start the meeting. 我们即将开始会议。

🔹【二、副词 adverb】

1. 在附近;到处;四处

near somebody/something; in many directions

📘 Examples:

Is John about? — 约翰在附近吗? People were rushing about in panic. — 人们慌乱地四处奔跑。

2. 大约;左右(与数词连用)

approximately

📘 Examples:

The cost came to about £100. She’s about thirty years old.

3. (转变方向时)向相反方向;掉头

(turn) in the opposite direction

📘 Examples:

The soldier turned about and left. He looked about suddenly.

🔹【三、形容词(旧用法)】

ready or near to do something(即将的)

be about to = be ready to

📘 Example:

He was about to leave when the phone rang. (相当于)He was just ready to leave.

🔹【四、常见固定搭配(Common Phrases & Collocations)】

短语

含义

示例

about to do sth

即将做某事

The train is about to leave.

set about doing sth

着手做某事

They set about solving the problem.

go about sth

处理/做某事

How should we go about this task?

bring about sth

导致;引起

Climate change has brought about severe consequences.

think about sth

考虑

I’ll think about your offer.

care about sth/sb

在乎

He doesn’t care about money.

be all about sth

与……密切相关

Modern education is all about creativity.

what about …?

……怎么样?

What about tomorrow evening?

🔹【五、同义与替代表达(Synonyms & Academic Alternatives)】

常见词

更正式替换

示例

about

concerning / regarding

The study concerning air pollution.

about

related to / in relation to

Information related to the topic.

about

approximately

The population is approximately 2 million.

📘 雅思写作建议:

在学术论文中,用 regarding / concerning / approximately 替代 about 能提高正式程度。

✗ The essay is about the causes of poverty.

✅ The essay concerns the causes of poverty.

✅ The essay is approximately 250 words long.

🔹【六、发音(Pronunciation)】

🇬🇧 /əˈbaʊt/  🇺🇸 /əˈbaʊt/

重音在第二音节 -bout。

🔹【七、雅思写作与口语常用模板(IELTS Focus)】

📘 Writing Task 2:

This essay is about the influence of social media on communication. There has been a debate about whether governments should ban smoking. The research is about the relationship between education and income.

📘 Speaking:

I’m really passionate about learning languages. I’m not sure about that, to be honest. What I like about my hometown is its peaceful atmosphere.

🌟 总结表(Summary Table)

项目

内容

词性

介词 / 副词 / 形容词(旧用)

核心义

关于;大约;在附近;即将

常见搭配

about to / go about / bring about / talk about

正式替换

concerning / regarding / approximately

雅思应用

Task 2 & Speaking 高频词汇

发音

/əˈbaʊt/

✅ 记忆技巧(Memory Tip)

🔸“about” 可以想成 “a + bout(转圈)” → “围绕某事转”

→ 引申为 “关于、围绕、大约、在附近”。

💡 above /əˈbʌv/

🔹介词 (prep.) 🔹副词 (adv.) 🔹形容词 (adj.)(少见)

🔹【一、介词 preposition】

1. 在……上方;高于(空间位置)

at or to a higher place or position than something/somebody

📘 Examples:

The water came above our knees.  水淹到了我们的膝盖以上。 The picture hangs above the fireplace.  画挂在壁炉上方。 The sun rose above the horizon.  太阳升上地平线。

💬 雅思 Task 1(图表描述)用法:

Temperatures remained above average throughout the period.

在整个时期内,气温保持在平均值以上。

2. (数量、水平、地位等)超过;高于

greater in number, level or rank than something

📘 Examples:

Above average / normal / zero / 50%  高于平均 / 正常 / 零点 / 50% Children above the age of 12 must pay full fare.  12岁以上的儿童须付全票。 She ranks above me in the company.  她在公司里的级别比我高。

💬 雅思写作常用:

GDP growth rose above 5 percent in 2022.

2022 年 GDP 增长率超过 5%。

3. 优于;比……更重要

more important than something; higher in status

📘 Examples:

He values honesty above all else.  他把诚实看得高于一切。 No one is above the law.  没有人凌驾于法律之上。

💬 表达格局较正式,常见于社会、法律类雅思作文。

4. (在文章、讲话等中)上文提到的

mentioned earlier in a text or speech

📘 Examples:

The above statement is not accurate.  上文所述陈述并不准确。 Please refer to the above diagram.  请参阅上面的图表。

🔹【二、副词 adverb】

1. 在上面;向上方

at or to a higher place or position

📘 Examples:

Put it on the shelf above.  把它放到上面的架子上。 The plane flew above.  飞机从头顶飞过。

2. 在上文;前文提到的

earlier in a text

📘 Examples:

As mentioned above, the data were collected in 2024.  如上所述,数据收集于 2024 年。

💬 雅思报告写作中常用连接语:

As shown above, the figures demonstrate a steady increase.

如上所示,数据呈现出稳定上升趋势。

3. 超过(某一数量)

more than a certain amount

📘 Examples:

The temperature is ten degrees above zero.  气温为零上十度。 Sales are above 10,000 units per month.  月销量超过一万件。

🔹【三、形容词 adjective(仅作定语)】

mentioned or appearing earlier; higher in rank

📘 Examples:

the above examples 上列例子 the above manager 上级经理

🔹【四、常见搭配(Collocations)】

短语

含义

示例

above average / normal

高于平均

Her grades are above average.

above all

尤其是;最重要的是

Above all, stay calm.

above board

光明正大

The deal was completely above board.

rise above sth

超越;克服

He managed to rise above criticism.

get above oneself

自负

Don’t get above yourself!

the above-mentioned

上述的

The above-mentioned data show clear growth.

above zero / sea level

零上/海平面以上

The city lies 500m above sea level.

🔹【五、同义与对比(Synonyms & Antonyms)】

类别

同义词

反义词

空间

over / on top of

below / under

数量 / 水平

over / beyond

under / beneath

地位 / 重要性

superior to

inferior to

📘 区别说明:

above 强调“在较高水平或位置”(垂直方向或抽象层级); over 可表示“覆盖”或“数量超过”; beyond 表示“超出界限或能力范围”; under / below 是“低于”的反义词。

🔹【六、发音(Pronunciation)】

🇬🇧 /əˈbʌv/  🇺🇸 /əˈbʌv/

重音在第二音节 -bove。

🔹【七、雅思写作应用(IELTS Writing Focus)】

📘 Task 1(图表类)常用表达:

The temperature remained above average throughout the year. The proportion of students increased to above 40%. The line representing Germany stayed above that of France.

📘 Task 2(议论文)常用表达:

No one is above the law. Education should be valued above wealth. Environmental protection ranks above economic expansion.

🌟 总结表(Summary Table)

项目

内容

词性

介词 / 副词 / 形容词(少)

基本义

在上方;超过;优于;上文所述

常见搭配

above all / above average / above board

反义词

below / under

正式替换

higher than / superior to / mentioned earlier

雅思用途

图表描述、比较分析、高级表达

发音

/əˈbʌv/

✅ 记忆技巧(Memory Tip)

🔸“above” 含 “up” 的感觉,可记为:

a + bove(来自 over) → ‘在之上’、‘高出’。

联想句:

Think above average, aim above limits.

要想高于平均,志存高远。 🌟

 

💡 above-mentioned /əˌbʌv ˈmenʃənd/

🔹adjective [only before noun] (仅作定语)

📘 正式(formal)用法

🔹【核心释义(Core Meaning)】

mentioned earlier in the same text or speech

上文提到的;前述的;上述的

📘 Oxford bilingual definition:

“出现在本文(讲话)前面部分的;上面提及的。”

🔹【例句(Examples)】

The above-mentioned report outlines the findings in detail.  上述报告详细概述了研究结果。 Please refer to the above-mentioned documents for further information.  更多信息请参阅上述文件。 The above-mentioned factors all contribute to the problem.  上述因素都对这个问题有所影响。 The above-mentioned reasons justify the government’s decision.  上述理由使政府的决定合理化。

💬 说明:

“above-mentioned” 通常用于正式书面语(academic / legal / bureaucratic style)。

在日常英语中,更多人会说:

👉 the factors mentioned above 或 the above factors。

🔹【同义表达(Synonyms)】

正式程度

表达

含义 / 用法说明

✅ the above-mentioned …

最正式、常见于报告或公文

✅ the aforementioned …

同样正式(稍文学)

✅ the previously mentioned …

正式但更自然

⚙️ the … mentioned above

中性、学术常用(推荐用于雅思)

⚙️ the above …

简洁自然(用于表格/报告)

📘 雅思写作中推荐:

“the factors mentioned above” 或 “the above-mentioned factors”

都比单纯的 “those things” 高级且更正式。

🔹【语法与用法说明(Grammar Notes)】

特点

说明

词性

形容词,只作定语(before noun)

形式

通常连字符连接:above-mentioned

位置

常放在名词前:the above-mentioned report

语域

正式(academic, legal, bureaucratic)

替换

mentioned above / previously mentioned / aforementioned

📘 错误示例(要避免):

✗ The report above-mentioned is detailed. ❌

✅ The above-mentioned report is detailed. ✅

🔹【常见搭配(Collocations)】

搭配

中文释义

示例

the above-mentioned report / document / law / reason

上述报告/文件/法律/原因

Please refer to the above-mentioned law.

the above-mentioned data / figures / table

上述数据/图表

The above-mentioned data indicate a steady rise.

the above-mentioned issue / case / example

上述问题/案例/例子

In the above-mentioned case, the policy failed.

the above-mentioned factors / points

上述因素/要点

The above-mentioned factors are interrelated.

🔹【派生与对比】

相关词

词性

含义

示例

mention

verb

提到,谈及

He mentioned a problem.

mentioned above

phrase

上文提到的(较自然)

The reasons mentioned above are valid.

aforementioned

adjective

上述的(正式/书面)

The aforementioned issues require action.

above-stated

adjective

上述陈述的(法律/公文用)

In accordance with the above-stated regulations.

🔹【雅思写作与学术句型(IELTS Academic Usage)】

📘 Task 1(数据报告类):

As illustrated in the above-mentioned chart, the percentage of urban population increased steadily.

如上图所示,城市人口比例稳步上升。

📘 Task 2(议论文):

The above-mentioned reasons demonstrate why stricter environmental policies are necessary.

上述原因表明更严格的环境政策是必要的。

📘 Report or Research Paper:

All above-mentioned participants were informed of the study’s purpose.

所有上述参与者都被告知研究目的。

🔹【发音(Pronunciation)】

🇬🇧 /əˌbʌv ˈmenʃənd/

🇺🇸 /əˌbʌv ˈmenʃənd/

重音在第二个部分 -men-。

🔹【正式替代表达对照表】

表达

正式度

推荐语域

示例

above-mentioned

🔹正式(academic, legal)

雅思写作、报告

The above-mentioned data show an increase.

mentioned above

🔹中性(自然)

学术、论文

The data mentioned above indicate a rise.

aforementioned

🔹文学 / 法律用语

非常正式

The aforementioned case remains unresolved.

previously mentioned

🔹自然、流畅

普通学术写作

The previously mentioned results support the hypothesis.

🌟【总结表(Summary Table)】

项目

内容

词性

形容词(仅定语)

释义

上述的;前文提到的

用法

the above-mentioned + 名词

语域

正式(academic / legal)

常见搭配

above-mentioned report / factors / data / issue

替代表达

mentioned above / previously mentioned

发音

/əˌbʌv ˈmenʃənd/

雅思功能

用于连接上下文、提升学术正式度

✅【记忆技巧(Memory Tip)】

👉 above-mentioned = mentioned above(位置倒转+连字符 = 正式)

💬 记法:

Turn “mentioned above” upside down → “above-mentioned” for formal tone!

💡 abreast /əˈbrest/

🔹副词 (adverb)

📘 正式 (formal) / 常用于新闻、科技、商业语境

🔹【一、核心释义(Core Meanings)】

1. 并排;并肩

(of two or more people or things) side by side and facing the same way

📘 Examples:

They walked two abreast along the narrow path.  他们两人并肩走在狭窄的小路上。 The soldiers marched four abreast.  士兵们四人一排并肩前进。

💬 用法说明:

常与数字连用(two abreast, three abreast 等),

表示“并排地、肩并肩地”,常见于文学描写或报道语体。

2. 保持并列;不落后(尤指在思想、发展、信息方面)

(keep/stay abreast of sth) to make sure that you know all the most recent facts about something

📘 Examples:

It’s important to keep abreast of current events.  紧跟时事非常重要。 The company keeps abreast of the latest technological developments.  公司紧跟最新的技术发展。 Teachers must stay abreast of educational trends.  教师必须跟上教育发展的潮流。

💬 引申义解释:

此义最常用于抽象语境(如思想、科技、新闻、知识)。

在雅思写作与学术论文中常用于表达“与国际标准/最新研究保持同步”。

🔹【二、常见搭配(Collocations)】

短语

含义

示例

two abreast / three abreast

两人并肩/三人并肩

The cyclists rode three abreast.

keep abreast of sth

了解最新情况;跟上进展

Students should keep abreast of new scientific discoveries.

stay abreast of sth

紧跟;不落后于

The firm stayed abreast of the competition.

remain abreast of sth

保持同步

Policymakers must remain abreast of social change.

📘 雅思写作 Task 2 高频表达:

Governments must keep abreast of technological change to ensure competitiveness.

政府必须紧跟科技变革以保持竞争力。

🔹【三、语法与用法(Grammar Notes)】

项目

内容

词性

副词 (adv.)

搭配动词

keep / stay / remain / march / walk / move

常用结构

keep/stay abreast of + n.

语体

正式;常用于书面语、学术语、新闻报道

📘 注意:

不可用作形容词(✗ an abreast person ❌) “keep abreast of” 是固定短语。

🔹【四、同义与对比(Synonyms & Related Phrases)】

表达

含义

语域

stay informed about

保持知情

中性口语

keep up with

跟上(进度/潮流)

日常用语,非正式

stay current with

保持更新

学术/正式

remain updated on

了解最新信息

书面语

be in touch with

了解情况

口语或书面皆可

📘 雅思替换建议:

✗ People should know about global issues.

✅ People should keep abreast of global issues.

(表达更正式、更学术)

🔹【五、雅思写作与学术用法(IELTS Academic Usage)】

📘 Task 2(社会 / 科技 / 教育类)高分句型:

Individuals must keep abreast of technological advances to remain competitive in the job market. Governments should stay abreast of environmental developments to respond effectively. Universities should remain abreast of global research trends. Media literacy helps citizens keep abreast of international affairs.

📘 Task 1(图表 / 报告类)可用表达:

The chart illustrates how different sectors kept abreast of technological change between 2000 and 2020.

🔹【六、发音(Pronunciation)】

🇬🇧 /əˈbrest/  🇺🇸 /əˈbrest/

重音在第二音节 -brest。

🔹【七、词源(Etymology)】

源自中古英语 a brest:

a-(表示“在……状态”) + breast(胸部)。

原意为 “胸对胸” → “并肩”,

后引申为“保持并行 → 不落后”。

🌟【八、总结表(Summary Table)】

项目

内容

词性

副词

基本义

并肩地;并排地;不落后;紧跟

常见搭配

keep abreast of / stay abreast of / two abreast

语域

正式(academic / news / business)

同义词

keep up with / stay informed about

雅思应用

表达“与时俱进、紧跟变化”

发音

/əˈbrest/

✅【记忆技巧(Memory Tip)】

🔸联想记法:

a + breast(胸部) → chest to chest → 并肩

→ “keep abreast of” = “keep shoulder to shoulder with change”

→ 跟上时代,不落后。 💪

📘 高分例句(可直接用于雅思写作)

In today’s rapidly changing world, it is vital for individuals to keep abreast of technological and social developments. Companies that fail to stay abreast of market trends are likely to lose their competitiveness. Governments must remain abreast of global environmental challenges to make timely decisions.

💡 abridge /əˈbrɪdʒ/

🔹verb [T](及物动词)

📘 正式用语(formal)

🔹【一、核心释义(Core Meanings)】

1. 删节;节略(文字、书籍、演讲等)

to make a book, play, piece of writing, or speech shorter by removing details and keeping only the essential parts

📘 中文释义:

删节(书籍、剧本、演讲等),保留主要内容而去掉细节。

📘 Examples:

The editor abridged the novel for children.  编辑删节了这部小说,使之适合儿童阅读。 The book was abridged from the original 900 pages to 300.  这本书从原来的 900 页删节到 300 页。 The author plans to abridge the speech for the TV broadcast.  作者打算为电视转播删减演讲内容。

💬 说明:

“abridge” 强调 “删去不重要的部分以使文字更简洁”,

不同于 summarize(概括),而是保留主要结构、删去冗余。

2. 削减;限制(权利、自由等)

(formal) to limit or reduce someone’s rights or privileges

📘 Examples:

The new law abridged the freedom of citizens.  新法律限制了公民的自由。 Their right to free speech must not be abridged.  他们的言论自由不应被剥夺。 The constitution prohibits any act that abridges civil rights.  宪法禁止任何削减公民权利的行为。

💬 说明:

此义常出现在法律、宪政或人权语境中(formal/legal use)。

🔹【二、词性变化(Word Family)】

词形

词性

含义

示例

abridge

verb

删节;削减

The report was abridged for clarity.

abridged

adj.

经删节的;简版的

an abridged edition of the novel

abridgement (BrE) / abridgment (AmE)

noun

删节本;删节

The abridgement omits technical details.

🔹【三、常见搭配(Collocations)】

搭配

含义

示例

abridge a book / a novel / a speech

删节书籍 / 小说 / 演讲

The speech was abridged for the radio.

abridge rights / freedoms / liberties

限制权利 / 自由

The act abridges the rights of minorities.

an abridged edition / version / text

删节版

They published an abridged edition for students.

without abridgement of

不削减……

Freedom of religion shall exist without abridgement.

🔹【四、语法与用法(Grammar Notes)】

项目

内容

动词类型

及物动词 (T)

主语常为

人(editor, author, government)

宾语常为

book, text, speech, right, freedom

常见搭配介词

abridge something to (缩短到…)

语域

正式(academic, legal, literary)

📘 注意:

“abridge” 通常用于书面语,日常口语可改用 “shorten / condense”。

🔹【五、同义与对比(Synonyms & Distinctions)】

词汇

含义

语域

区别

shorten

缩短(长度、时间)

普通

通用但不正式

condense

压缩;浓缩(文字或液体)

学术

更强调内容浓缩

summarize

概述;总结

中性

概括要点而非删节结构

edit

编辑;修改

常用

更广义;可含删节

curtail

削减(权利、开支)

正式

近义于 abridge(权利意义)

📘 例:

The editor abridged the story.(删节) The editor condensed the story.(浓缩) The government curtailed freedom of speech.(限制)

🔹【六、雅思写作与学术用法(IELTS Academic Usage)】

📘 Task 2(社会/法律/教育类)高分句型:

Citizens’ rights should never be abridged by the state. The government must ensure that freedom of expression is not abridged in any form. In order to improve efficiency, the report was abridged to half its original length. Academic journals often publish abridged versions of research papers for the general audience.

📘 Task 1(报告/摘要类)可用表达:

The data were abridged to highlight only the most relevant aspects.

🔹【七、发音(Pronunciation)】

🇬🇧 /əˈbrɪdʒ/  🇺🇸 /əˈbrɪdʒ/

重音在第二音节 -bridʒ。

🔹【八、词源(Etymology)】

来自中古英语 abreggen(来自拉丁语 abbreviare “to shorten”)。

与单词 abbreviate(缩写)同源。

词根结构:

a-(加强) + bridge(拉近距离 → 缩短)

→ “to make shorter / to cut down”。

🌟【九、总结表(Summary Table)】

项目

内容

词性

动词(及物)

基本义

删节;削减;限制

常见搭配

abridge a book / abridge rights

派生词

abridged (adj.), abridgement (n.)

语域

正式;学术;法律

同义词

condense / curtail / shorten

反义词

expand / lengthen / extend

发音

/əˈbrɪdʒ/

✅【记忆技巧(Memory Tip)】

🔸 联想记法:

abridge = a + bridge(桥) → 缩短距离 → “让内容更短、更简洁”。

或记作:

“to abridge a book” = “build a bridge across it — shorter path through content.” 🌉

📘 雅思高分例句(可直接套用)

The research paper was abridged for publication in an academic journal. No government should abridge the rights guaranteed by the constitution. To make the lecture more concise, the speaker abridged the historical background section.

💡 abroad /əˈbrɔːd/

🔹副词 (adverb) 🔹名词 (noun)(少用)

🔹【一、核心释义(Core Meanings)】

1️⃣ 在国外;到国外;在海外(最常见)

in or to a foreign country

📘 中文释义:

在国外;到国外;在海外

📘 Examples:

She’s studying abroad for a year.  她正在国外留学一年。 He went abroad to work.  他出国工作了。 Many students dream of studying abroad.  许多学生梦想出国留学。 Have you ever been abroad?  你去过国外吗?

💬 语法说明:

abroad 是副词,不能加 “to”。  ✗ go to abroad ❌  ✅ go abroad ✅ 表示“在国外”或“到国外”,都用同一个形式。

2️⃣ 在国外(用于形容人、机构等的所在地)

in foreign countries, especially when referring to one’s own country’s citizens, companies, or influence overseas

📘 Examples:

There are over two million Chinese living abroad.  有两百多万中国人旅居海外。 The company has branches both at home and abroad.  这家公司在国内外都有分支机构。 European culture spread abroad through trade.  欧洲文化通过贸易传播到海外。

💬 说明:

此义常用于“国内外(at home and abroad)”这样的对比结构中。

3️⃣ (消息、感觉等)传播开来;广为流传

(formal) if news, feelings, etc. are abroad, they are being talked about or felt by many people

📘 中文释义:

(正式)传播;流传;散布

📘 Examples:

There’s a rumour abroad that he’s resigning.  有传言说他要辞职。 There was fear abroad in the land.  恐惧在全国蔓延。

💬 说明:

此义较正式,用于文学或新闻语体,表示“在外流传”“广泛存在”。

🔹【二、名词用法(Noun – rare, formal)】

(used without an article) foreign countries considered together

📘 Examples:

We’ll spend the summer in abroad. ❌(错误) We’ll spend the summer abroad. ✅(正确) Trade with abroad has increased. ✅(名词用法)

💬 说明:

此义主要见于正式或旧式表达中,如 “trade with abroad(与国外的贸易)”。

现代英语中仍多用作副词。

🔹【三、常见固定搭配(Collocations)】

搭配

含义

示例

study abroad

出国留学

Many students study abroad to gain international experience.

live abroad

旅居国外

She has lived abroad for ten years.

work abroad

在国外工作

He hopes to work abroad after graduation.

travel abroad

出国旅游

Travel abroad has become easier and cheaper.

at home and abroad

国内外

The company operates at home and abroad.

go abroad

出国

I’m going abroad next month.

news/rumours abroad

广为流传的消息/传言

There are rumours abroad about changes in the government.

🔹【四、语法与用法(Grammar Notes)】

项目

内容

词性

副词(主要);名词(罕用)

前置介词

无 → 直接用:go abroad(✗ to abroad)

反义词

at home(在国内;在家)

语域

中性,可用于正式或非正式场合

📘 错误示例:

✗ I want to go to abroad. ❌

✅ I want to go abroad. ✅

🔹【五、同义与近义表达(Synonyms & Related Expressions)】

表达

含义

语域

overseas

海外(常作副词/形容词)

较正式;常用于英式英语

in a foreign country

在外国

中性;解释性表达

internationally

国际上地

学术/科技语境

outside one’s country

在国境之外

正式书面语

📘 区别:

abroad 通常指地理概念“国外”。 overseas 强调“海洋以外的外国”,更常用于英联邦国家。  例:She went overseas to study in Australia. internationally 强调“在国际范围内”,偏学术/商业。

🔹【六、雅思写作与口语用法(IELTS Usage)】

📘 Task 2(教育类话题):

More students choose to study abroad to gain cross-cultural experience. Studying abroad can broaden one’s horizons and improve language proficiency. Governments should provide support for students who wish to study abroad.

📘 Task 2(全球化/经济类话题):

Many companies are expanding their business abroad to increase profits. Working abroad offers people valuable international exposure.

📘 Speaking Part 1/2 常见问题:

Q: Have you ever been abroad?

A: Yes, I’ve been abroad several times for travel and study.

🔹【七、发音(Pronunciation)】

🇬🇧 /əˈbrɔːd/  🇺🇸 /əˈbrɔːd/

重音在第二音节 -brɔːd。

🔹【八、词源(Etymology)】

来自中古英语 on brede:

a-(= on) + broad(宽广的地方)

原意:“在外面,在开阔之地” → “在国门之外”。

🌟【九、总结表(Summary Table)】

项目

内容

词性

副词(主要),名词(少用)

基本义

在国外;到国外;在海外

正式义

(消息、情绪等)传播开来

常见搭配

study abroad / live abroad / go abroad

固定短语

at home and abroad

语域

中性(适合雅思写作与口语)

发音

/əˈbrɔːd/

✅【记忆技巧(Memory Tip)】

🔸 联想记法:

a + broad(宽广) → 去更宽广的地方 → 出国! 🌍

📘 雅思高分例句(可直接套用)

More young people are choosing to study abroad to experience different cultures. Many multinational companies operate both at home and abroad. Globalisation has encouraged people to travel abroad for work and education. The rumours spread abroad, causing widespread concern.

💡 abrogate /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/

🔹verb [T](及物动词)

📘 正式 / 法律用语(formal / legal)

🔹【一、核心释义(Core Meanings)】

1️⃣ 正式废除;撤销(法律、制度、条约等)

to officially end a law, an agreement, or a custom, especially by authority

📘 中文释义:

正式废除;撤销(法律、协议、惯例等)

📘 Examples:

The government abrogated the treaty in 2020.  政府于 2020 年废除了该条约。 The new regime abrogated all existing laws.  新政权废除了所有现行法律。 A country cannot simply abrogate international agreements at will.  一国不能随意废除国际协议。 The right to strike was abrogated under the new legislation.  根据新法律,罢工权被取消了。

💬 说明:

“abrogate” 通常由政府、议会、权威机构作为主语,

语气正式且带有“权力废除”或“取消法律效力”的含义。

🔹【二、语法与用法(Grammar Notes)】

项目

内容

动词类型

及物动词 (T)

主语常为

government, parliament, authority, regime

宾语常为

law, treaty, contract, policy, right, system

语域

正式 / 法律 / 学术

典型句型

abrogate + noun(law/treaty/etc.)

常用被动语态

be abrogated(被废除)

📘 示例:

The outdated law was abrogated in 1987. ✅

🔹【三、同义与对比(Synonyms & Distinctions)】

词汇

含义

语域

区别

repeal

废除(法律、法令)

法律用语

更常用于议会废法(立法行为)

rescind

废止(合同、决定)

法律/行政

偏重“撤销决定”

abolish

废除(制度、习俗)

普通正式

更广泛(非仅限法律)

invalidate

使无效

法律/技术

偏重“失效”而非“废除”

cancel

取消

中性

不正式

📘 区别示例:

The government abrogated the treaty.(正式终止,权力行为) The parliament repealed the law.(通过立法程序废除) Slavery was abolished in the 19th century.(制度废除)

🔹【四、常见搭配(Collocations)】

搭配

含义

示例

abrogate a law / treaty / contract

废除法律 / 条约 / 合同

The treaty was abrogated unilaterally.

abrogate a right / freedom / duty

剥夺权利 / 自由 / 义务

The new act abrogates citizens’ rights.

abrogate an agreement / constitution

废止协议 / 宪法

The dictator abrogated the constitution.

be abrogated by law

被法律废除

The policy was abrogated by law.

🔹【五、词性变化(Word Family)】

词形

词性

含义

示例

abrogate

verb

废除

The law was abrogated.

abrogation

noun

废除;撤销

The abrogation of the treaty caused tension.

📘 Example:

The abrogation of the 1998 peace agreement led to unrest.

 1998 年和平协议的废止引发了动荡。

🔹【六、雅思写作与学术用法(IELTS Academic Usage)】

📘 Task 2(政治 / 法律 / 社会话题):

Governments should not have the power to abrogate fundamental human rights. The abrogation of environmental laws could have disastrous effects. A democratic state should never abrogate the constitution for political convenience. International cooperation is weakened when countries abrogate established treaties.

📘 Task 2(历史 / 政治演变类):

During the revolution, previous laws were abrogated and replaced with new social systems.

🔹【七、发音(Pronunciation)】

🇬🇧 /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/  🇺🇸 /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/

重音在第一个音节 AB。

🔹【八、词源(Etymology)】

源自拉丁语 abrogare:

ab- (“away, off”) + rogare (“to propose, to ask”)

原义:“撤销提议 / 取消法律” → “废除法律”。

📘 同源词:

derogate(减损、贬低) interrogate(询问) prerogative(特权)

🌟【九、总结表(Summary Table)】

项目

内容

词性

动词(及物)

基本义

废除;撤销(正式法律、条约、制度)

常见搭配

abrogate a law/treaty/contract/right

派生词

abrogation (n.)

语域

正式 / 法律 / 政府文体

同义词

repeal / rescind / abolish

发音

/ˈæbrəɡeɪt/

✅【记忆技巧(Memory Tip)】

🔸 联想记法:

ab-(away) + rogate(ask / propose) → “take away the proposal” → 废除一项法律。

或者这样记:

“abrogate = abolish + regulate → officially cancel a regulation.” ⚖️

📘 雅思高分例句(可直接套用)

The parliament voted to abrogate the outdated trade law. The abrogation of human rights cannot be justified under any circumstance. Some governments abrogate environmental agreements for short-term economic gains. The constitution was abrogated following the coup.

💡 abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/

🔹adjective (adj.)

📘 正式 / 中性,可用于书面和口语

🔹【一、核心释义(Core Meanings)】

1️⃣ 突然的;意外的(事件、变化)

happening very quickly and unexpectedly

📘 中文释义:

突然的,意外的

📘 Examples:

There was an abrupt change in the weather.  天气突然变化。 The car came to an abrupt stop.  汽车突然停下。 His resignation was abrupt and unexpected.  他的辞职来得非常突然,让人意想不到。

💬 雅思写作 Task 1 常用:

The line graph shows an abrupt increase in sales in 2022.

折线图显示 2022 年销售额骤增。

2️⃣ 陡峭的;突然变陡的(地形、坡度等)

rising or falling sharply

📘 中文释义:

陡峭的

📘 Examples:

They climbed an abrupt hill.  他们爬上一座陡峭的山丘。 The coastline is abrupt, with cliffs plunging into the sea.  海岸线陡峭,悬崖直落入海。

3️⃣ 唐突的;生硬的(态度、行为、说话方式)

rude or unfriendly; sudden in manner

📘 中文释义:

唐突的,生硬的

📘 Examples:

He was abrupt with the students, cutting them off mid-sentence.  他对学生态度生硬,中途打断他们的话。 Don’t be so abrupt when you answer questions.  回答问题时不要这么唐突。

💬 雅思 Task 2(社会 / 教育 / 人际交往类)常用表达:

Teachers should avoid abrupt discipline methods, as they may discourage students.

教师应避免生硬的处罚方式,因为这可能会打击学生。

🔹【二、常见搭配(Collocations)】

搭配

含义

示例

abrupt change / rise / fall / increase / decrease

突然变化

The company experienced an abrupt decline in profits.

abrupt stop / departure / ending

突然停止 / 离开 / 结束

His abrupt departure surprised everyone.

abrupt manner / tone / behaviour

生硬的方式 / 语气 / 行为

She spoke in an abrupt tone.

abrupt cliff / slope / hill

陡峭的悬崖 / 坡 / 山

The trail ended at an abrupt cliff.

🔹【三、同义与近义词(Synonyms)】

表达

适用语境

语感

sudden

通用

普通、可口语化

steep

描述坡度、陡峭

中性

sharp

描述变化、坡度

中性

hasty

行为、决定

带有匆忙的负面含义

curt

态度、语气

唐突、生硬,有轻微负面感

unexpected

事件、变化

普通、口语/书面皆可

📘 雅思替换建议:

abrupt rise / fall → sudden rise / sudden drop abrupt stop / departure → sudden stop / sudden departure 替换时可根据语境选择正式或中性词汇。

🔹【四、语法与用法(Grammar Notes)】

项目

内容

词性

形容词

用法

可修饰名词,表示“突然的/陡峭的/生硬的”

常用搭配

abrupt change / abrupt stop / abrupt manner / abrupt slope

语域

正式书面语 / 雅思作文 / 新闻报道 / 科研描述

📘 错误示例:

✗ The car stopped abruptly sudden. ❌

✅ The car came to an abrupt stop. ✅

🔹【五、发音(Pronunciation)】

🇬🇧 /əˈbrʌpt/  🇺🇸 /əˈbrʌpt/

重音在第二音节 -brupt。

🔹【六、词源(Etymology)】

来自拉丁语 abruptus:

ab-(离开) + rumpere(打破、断裂)

原义:断裂 → 突然、陡峭 → 现代用法延伸至“突变或生硬”。

🌟【七、总结表(Summary Table)】

项目

内容

词性

形容词

核心义

突然的 / 陡峭的 / 生硬的

常见搭配

abrupt change / abrupt stop / abrupt manner / abrupt slope

同义词

sudden / steep / sharp / curt / hasty

反义词

gradual / gentle / smooth

语域

正式 / 雅思写作 / 新闻报道

发音

/əˈbrʌpt/

✅【记忆技巧(Memory Tip)】

🔸 联想记法:

abrupt = a + break → 突然断开

→ 突然的变化 / 突然的停止 / 生硬唐突的行为

🌸 联想例句:

The graph shows an abrupt rise in population, followed by a gradual decline.

图表显示人口骤增,然后逐渐下降。

📘 雅思高分例句(可直接套用)

The chart illustrates an abrupt increase in energy consumption in 2020. His resignation came abruptly, leaving the company unprepared. Sudden policy changes can have abrupt effects on the economy. Teachers should avoid abrupt discipline methods, which may demotivate students.