💡 absence /ˈæbsəns/
🔹noun [C, U]（可数 / 不可数）
📘 常用于正式、书面、学术语境
🔹【一、核心释义（Core Meanings）】
1️⃣ 缺席；不在场（the fact of not being present somewhere）
when someone is not in the place where they are usually expected to be
📘 中文释义：
缺席；不在场
📘 Examples:
His frequent absences from work caused concern. 他经常缺勤引起了担忧。 In the teacher’s absence, the class was very noisy. 老师不在时，班级里很吵。 She has had three days’ absence from school this term. 这个学期她已经缺课三天了。
🔹 常见结构（Patterns）
absence from school/work/meeting in sb’s absence（某人不在时） during the teacher’s absence
📘 雅思例句（教育类）：
Frequent absence from class can seriously affect academic performance.
频繁缺课会严重影响学习成绩。
2️⃣ 缺乏；没有（the lack of something; a situation where something does not exist）
a lack of something; the state of not having something
📘 中文释义：
缺乏；不存在
📘 Examples:
The case was dismissed because of the absence of evidence. 由于缺乏证据，此案被驳回。 In the absence of better data, we cannot draw conclusions. 在缺乏更好数据的情况下，我们无法得出结论。 Poverty is not only the absence of wealth, but also of opportunity. 贫困不仅是缺钱，也意味着缺少机会。
🔹 常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
absence of evidence
缺乏证据
The report showed an absence of evidence to support the claim.
absence of freedom / justice / equality
缺乏自由 / 公正 / 平等
Many people still live in an absence of freedom.
in the absence of sth
缺乏……的情况下
In the absence of data, assumptions were made.
📘 雅思写作 Task 2 例句：
In the absence of effective government regulation, environmental problems are likely to worsen.
若缺乏有效的政府监管，环境问题可能会恶化。
3️⃣ 缺乏注意力；心不在焉（absence of mind）
the state of being inattentive or forgetful
📘 中文释义：
心不在焉，走神
📘 Examples:
His absence of mind made him forget the meeting. 他心不在焉，忘记了开会。 She’s so absent-minded these days. 她最近非常心不在焉。
🔹【二、常见搭配（Common Collocations）】
搭配
中文含义
示例句
in the absence of sth
缺乏……的情况下
In the absence of funding, the project was cancelled.
absence from school / work
缺课 / 缺勤
His absence from work affected the project.
prolonged absence
长期缺席
His prolonged absence caused concern.
temporary absence
短期缺席
She is on temporary absence due to illness.
total / complete absence
完全缺乏
There was a complete absence of leadership.
🔹【三、词性变化（Word Family）】
词形
词性
含义
示例
absence
noun
缺席；缺乏
The absence of justice is dangerous.
absent
adj.
缺席的；缺乏的
Several members were absent from the meeting.
absently
adv.
心不在焉地
She nodded absently.
absentee
noun
缺席者
The meeting was full of absentees.
absenteeism
noun
旷工；缺课率
The company faces high absenteeism rates.
🔹【四、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）】
项目
内容
可数用法
指“某一次缺席” — an absence / absences
不可数用法
表示“缺乏、没有” — the absence of sth
固定短语
in sb’s absence / in the absence of sth
常与动词搭配
explain / justify / note / record / report + absence
📘 示例：
The manager noted his absence from the meeting.
🔹【五、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）**
含义
同义词
反义词
缺席
nonattendance
presence
缺乏
lack / shortage / deficiency
existence / abundance
心不在焉
distraction / forgetfulness
attentiveness
🔹【六、雅思学术用法（IELTS Academic Usage）】
📘 Task 2 高分句型模板：
In the absence of government support, small businesses struggle to survive. The absence of strict environmental laws leads to pollution. Social unrest is often caused by the absence of equality and opportunity. The absence of parental guidance contributes to youth crime. In the absence of better alternatives, people rely on outdated methods.
📘 Task 1 描述数据缺乏或空白：
Data for 2021 were unavailable due to the absence of official records.
🔹【七、发音（Pronunciation）】
🇬🇧 /ˈæbsəns/ 🇺🇸 /ˈæbsəns/
重音在第一个音节 AB。
🔹【八、词源（Etymology）】
来自拉丁语 absentia（意为 “being away”），
由前缀 ab-（离开） + 词根 esse（to be, 存在）组成。
→ 原义：to be away from → “不在 / 缺乏”。
🌟【九、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
名词（C/U）
核心义
缺席；缺乏；心不在焉
常见搭配
absence from school / in the absence of sth
同义词
lack / shortage / nonattendance
反义词
presence / abundance
语域
正式 / 学术写作常用
发音
/ˈæbsəns/
✅【记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
🔸 联想记法：
ab-（away） + sense（感觉、存在） → 离开 → 缺席、缺乏
🌸 例句助记：
In the absence of sunlight, plants cannot grow. 🌱
没有阳光，植物无法生长。
💡 absolute /ˈæbsəluːt/
🔹adjective / noun
📘 正式 / 学术用语（formal / academic）
🔹【一、核心释义（Core Meanings）】
1️⃣ 完全的；彻底的；十足的
complete and total; used to emphasize something
📘 中文释义：
完全的；绝对的；十足的
📘 Examples:
I have absolute confidence in you. 我对你有完全的信心。 That’s absolute nonsense! 那完全是胡说！ The experiment was an absolute success. 这次实验是彻底的成功。
🔹 常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
absolute confidence / power / control / freedom / authority / silence
完全的信任 / 权力 / 控制 / 自由 / 权威 / 寂静
He had absolute control over the army.
absolute truth / certainty / necessity / minimum / maximum
绝对真理 / 确定性 / 必要性 / 最小值 / 最大值
Absolute freedom does not exist in society.
💬 雅思 Task 2 常见句型：
Absolute freedom can lead to social disorder. There is no absolute truth in moral philosophy. Some degree of control is necessary; absolute power often leads to corruption.
2️⃣ 不受任何限制的；专制的（政治用语）
not limited or controlled by anyone or anything
📘 中文释义：
专制的；绝对权威的
📘 Examples:
An absolute ruler has complete power. 专制统治者拥有绝对权力。 The king ruled with absolute authority. 国王以绝对权威统治国家。
💬 学术类表达：
Historically, absolute monarchy was replaced by constitutional government.
历史上，专制君主制被宪政制度取代。
3️⃣ （学术 / 科学）绝对的；独立的（非相对的）
measured or considered by itself, not in relation to other things
📘 中文释义：
绝对的；独立的（与“相对的 relative”相对）
📘 Examples:
Absolute temperature is measured from absolute zero. 绝对温度是从绝对零度开始测量的。 Poverty should not be defined in absolute terms alone. 贫困不应仅以绝对标准来定义。
📘 学术表达（IELTS & Academic English）:
Economists distinguish between absolute and relative poverty. Scientists often use absolute values for accuracy.
🔹【二、作为名词（noun）】
1️⃣ 绝对真理；绝对事物
something that is not dependent on anything else and cannot be changed
📘 中文释义：
绝对真理；绝对存在
📘 Examples:
Moral philosophers often debate whether there are any absolutes. 道德哲学家常争论是否存在任何绝对真理。 For some people, honesty is an absolute. 对某些人来说，诚实是绝对原则。
💬 雅思学术用法：
There are no absolutes in social science; all conclusions are context-dependent.
🔹【三、常见短语（Phrases）】
短语
含义
示例
in absolute terms
从绝对意义上说
In absolute terms, the country is wealthy, but inequality remains.
absolute power / authority / monarchy
绝对权力 / 权威 / 君主制
Absolute power often leads to tyranny.
absolute zero
绝对零度（科学用语）
Nothing can be colder than absolute zero.
absolute majority
绝对多数
The party won an absolute majority in parliament.
absolute necessity
绝对必要的事
Education is an absolute necessity for social progress.
🔹【四、同义与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）**
含义
同义词
反义词
完全的
complete / total / perfect / utter
partial / limited
专制的
autocratic / dictatorial / despotic
democratic
不受限制的
unrestricted / unlimited
constrained / controlled
🔹【五、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）**
项目
内容
词性
形容词 / 名词
副词形式
absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/（完全地；绝对地）
名词形式
absoluteness（绝对性）
常用搭配
absolute power / absolute truth / in absolute terms
语域
正式 / 学术 / 科学 / 政治写作
📘 注意：
在口语中，absolute 也可作强调词：
That’s an absolute lie!
那完全是谎言！（= total）
🔹【六、雅思学术用法（IELTS Academic Usage）**
📘 Task 2 高分表达模板：
Absolute power often results in corruption and abuse. It is difficult to identify absolute truth in social sciences. Absolute equality is an ideal rather than a practical goal. Education is an absolute necessity for personal and national development. Some argue that there are no absolutes in morality.
📘 Task 1 数据分析类：
In absolute terms, the number of students increased by 20%.
从绝对数量上看，学生人数增长了 20%。
🔹【七、词源（Etymology）】
来自拉丁语 absolūtus：
由 ab-（away from） + solvere（to loosen, set free）组成，
原义：“被解放的、不受限制的” → “绝对的、完全的”。
📘 同源词：
absolve（赦免、免罪） solution（解放、解决） resolve（解决）
🌟【八、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
adj. / n.
核心义
完全的；绝对的；不受限制的；绝对真理
常见搭配
absolute power / absolute freedom / in absolute terms
同义词
complete / total / utter / autocratic
反义词
relative / limited / partial
语域
正式 / 学术 / 政治 / 科学
发音
/ˈæbsəluːt/
✅【记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
🔸 联想记法：
ab-（away） + solu（loosen, release） → “不受束缚的” → 绝对的、完全的。
🌸 例句助记：
“Absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
——“绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败。”（经典英语名言）
💡 absorb /əbˈzɔːb/, /əbˈsɔːrb/
🔹verb [T]
📘 正式 / 学术用语（formal / academic）
🔹【一、核心释义（Core Meanings）】
1️⃣ 吸收（液体、气体、光、热、声音等）
to take in a liquid, gas, or other substance from the surface or surroundings
📘 中文释义：
吸收（液体、气体、能量、声音等）
📘 Examples:
Plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. 植物在光合作用中吸收二氧化碳。 The walls absorb sound. 墙壁吸收声音。 Dark colours absorb heat more effectively. 深色吸收热量更有效。
📘 雅思 Task 1 学术表达：
The soil absorbs rainwater, reducing surface runoff.
土壤吸收雨水，减少地表径流。
📘 常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
absorb water / light / heat / sound / shock
吸收水 / 光 / 热 / 声音 / 冲击
The sponge absorbs water easily.
be absorbed by / in
被…吸收 / 被…吸引
The cells absorb nutrients from food.
2️⃣ 吸引（注意力、兴趣）；使全神贯注
to interest somebody very much so that they give all their attention to it
📘 中文释义：
使专心；吸引注意力
📘 Examples:
He was absorbed in reading a novel. 他专心地读小说。 The children were absorbed by the cartoon. 孩子们全神贯注地看动画片。
📘 雅思 Task 2 表达：
Children are easily absorbed in video games.
孩子们很容易沉迷于电子游戏。
🔹 同义词：
engross / captivate / fascinate
3️⃣ 理解；领会（信息、知识、思想）
to take in and understand facts, ideas, or information
📘 中文释义：
吸收；理解；领会（知识、信息等）
📘 Examples:
It’s hard to absorb so much information at once. 一时吸收这么多信息很难。 Students need time to absorb what they have learned. 学生需要时间来消化所学知识。
📘 雅思学术表达：
Reading academic articles helps learners absorb new vocabulary and concepts.
🔹 同义词：
take in / assimilate / comprehend / digest
4️⃣ 吞并；并入；合并（机构、公司、国家等）
to take over and include something smaller within something larger
📘 中文释义：
吞并；吸收；并入
📘 Examples:
The smaller firm was absorbed by the larger corporation. 那家小公司被大企业吞并了。 The Roman Empire absorbed many cultures. 罗马帝国吸纳了许多文化。
📘 雅思学术用法：
Large cities often absorb surrounding towns as they expand.
🔹 同义词：
incorporate / merge with / integrate
5️⃣ 承担；消化（成本、压力、变化等）
to take in and reduce the effect of something unpleasant or difficult
📘 中文释义：
承担；承受；缓冲
📘 Examples:
The company will absorb the extra costs. 公司将承担额外费用。 The new system absorbed the shock of the economic crisis. 新体制缓解了经济危机的冲击。
📘 雅思写作例句：
Governments should absorb part of the cost of public education.
政府应承担部分公共教育费用。
🔹 同义词：
bear / take on / offset / cushion
🔹【二、常见搭配与短语（Collocations & Phrases）】
短语
中文释义
示例
absorb knowledge / information / culture
吸收知识 / 信息 / 文化
Students absorb knowledge through reading.
absorb into
并入；融入
Immigrants often absorb into the local culture.
absorb oneself in sth.
全神贯注于某事
She absorbed herself in her studies.
be absorbed in sth.
专注于某事
He was absorbed in his work.
absorb the impact / shock / cost
吸收冲击 / 成本
The economy can absorb the initial shock.
🔹【三、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）】
项目
内容
动词类型
及物动词（transitive verb）
名词形式
absorption /əbˈzɔːrpʃn/（吸收；专注）
形容词形式
absorbent（能吸收的）
被动语态
be absorbed in / by
语域
科学 / 学术 / 正式 / 日常均可
📘 注意：
“absorb into” 常用于表示“融入体系 / 社会”：
The new immigrants were quickly absorbed into society.
🔹【四、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）】
含义
同义词
反义词
吸收
take in / suck up / soak up
release / expel
理解
understand / assimilate / digest
ignore / overlook
专注
engross / engage / immerse
distract
吞并
incorporate / merge / integrate
separate / divide
🔹【五、雅思学术用法（IELTS Academic Usage）】
📘 Task 1（科学 / 自然过程类）:
Water is absorbed by the soil and then filtered through rocks.
📘 Task 2（教育 / 社会类）:
Students learn better when they are emotionally absorbed in the subject.
Children absorb social norms by observing their parents.
📘 Task 2（经济 / 政治类）:
Developing countries cannot easily absorb the cost of new technologies.
📘 Speaking:
“I was so absorbed in the movie that I didn’t notice the time.”
🔹【六、词源（Etymology）】
来自拉丁语 absorbēre = ab-（away） + sorbēre（to suck up）
原义：“吸入、吞下” → “吸收、专注”。
同源词：
absorption（吸收） absorbent（吸收性的） sorbent（吸附剂）
🔹【七、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
动词（及物）
核心义
吸收；吸引注意；理解；并入；承担
名词形式
absorption
形容词形式
absorbent
常用搭配
absorb heat / be absorbed in / absorb information
发音
/əbˈzɔːb/ 或 /əbˈsɔːrb/
语域
科学、教育、经济、文学、日常皆适用
🌟【八、记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
🔹 词根法
ab-（向内） + sorb（吸入） → 吸进去 → “吸收 / 吸引注意”
🔹 助记句
“The mind that opens to new ideas will absorb knowledge like a sponge.”
——“思想开放的人，会像海绵一样吸收知识。”
💡 abstract /ˈæbstrækt/（adj., n.）; /æbˈstrækt/（v.）
📘 形容词 / 名词 / 动词
🎓 正式 / 学术用语（formal / academic）
🔹【一、发音与词性】
词性
音标
含义
adj.
/ˈæbstrækt/
抽象的；理论的
n.
/ˈæbstrækt/
摘要；概要
v.
/æbˈstrækt/
提取；摘要；抽取
🔹【二、形容词：抽象的；理论的；非具体的】
existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence
📘 中文释义：
抽象的；纯理论的；非具体的
📘 Examples:
abstract ideas such as love and freedom 诸如爱与自由这样的抽象概念。 The research deals with abstract concepts rather than practical issues. 这项研究讨论的是抽象概念，而非实际问题。 Mathematics is often considered an abstract subject. 数学常被视为抽象学科。
📘 学术搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
abstract concept / idea / notion
抽象概念
Time is an abstract concept.
abstract thinking / reasoning
抽象思维 / 推理
Children develop abstract reasoning in adolescence.
abstract theory / knowledge
抽象理论
Abstract knowledge must be linked to practice.
📘 雅思 Task 2 高分表达：
Abstract thinking enables people to understand complex social issues. Freedom and justice are abstract concepts that vary across cultures. In education, students must balance abstract theory with practical experience.
🔹【三、名词：摘要；概要（academic abstract）**
a short summary of a speech, article, book, or research paper
📘 中文释义：
摘要；概要（学术论文、报告等）
📘 Examples:
Please include a 250-word abstract with your paper. 请在论文中附上 250 字的摘要。 The abstract provides an overview of the study’s purpose and findings. 摘要概述了研究的目的与结果。
📘 雅思学术用法：
Every academic journal requires an abstract summarising the key arguments.
📘 常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
academic abstract
学术论文摘要
conference abstract
会议摘要
research abstract
研究摘要
write / submit / publish an abstract
撰写 / 提交 / 发表摘要
📘 雅思 Task 1 模板句：
The abstract summarizes the overall trend of the data presented in the graph.
🔹【四、动词：提取；摘要；抽取；使抽象化】
to remove something from somewhere; to make a summary of a text
📘 中文释义：
提取；抽取；摘录；摘要
📘 Examples:
The scientist abstracted key data from the experiment. 科学家提取了实验的关键数据。 The report was abstracted from several sources. 该报告摘自多个来源。 The mind can abstract general principles from specific experiences. 人脑能从具体经验中抽象出一般原理。
📘 雅思写作学术表达：
Researchers abstract essential information to form theoretical models.
🔹 同义词：
summarize / extract / condense / distill
🔹【五、艺术用法：抽象派的；非具象的】
(in art) not representing people or things in a realistic way, but expressing ideas using shapes, colours, etc.
📘 中文释义：
抽象派的（艺术）；非具象的
📘 Examples:
Abstract art focuses on form and colour rather than realistic depiction. 抽象艺术注重形式与色彩，而非真实再现。 Picasso’s later works became increasingly abstract. 毕加索后期的作品愈加抽象。
📘 雅思口语 / 写作示例：
I prefer abstract art because it allows for more interpretation and emotion.
🔹【六、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）】
含义
同义词
反义词
抽象的
conceptual / theoretical / intellectual
concrete / practical
摘要
summary / synopsis / outline
detail / expansion
提取
extract / derive / distill
insert / include
🔹【七、派生词（Word Family）】
词形
词性
中文释义
abstraction
n.
抽象；抽象概念；提炼
abstractly
adv.
抽象地；理论上
abstractness
n.
抽象性；深奥
non-abstract
adj.
非抽象的；具体的
📘 Examples:
His ideas were expressed too abstractly to be understood. The abstraction of key variables simplified the model.
🔹【八、雅思学术用法（IELTS Academic Usage）**
📘 Task 2（哲学 / 教育类）:
Some moral values are too abstract to be applied universally. Modern education often focuses on abstract reasoning rather than practical skills.
📘 Task 2（科技类）:
Artificial intelligence can process data, but it cannot yet think in abstract terms like humans do.
📘 Task 1（学术报告 / 数据摘要）:
The abstract should summarise the aim, methods, results, and conclusions of the study.
📘 Speaking:
“I enjoy thinking about abstract topics such as time and consciousness.”
🔹【九、词源（Etymology）】
来自拉丁语 abstrahere：
ab-（away from） + trahere（to draw, pull）
原义：“拉开、抽出” → “提取” → “抽象的”
📘 同源词：
attract（吸引） contract（收缩） extract（提取） subtract（减去）
🔹【十、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
adj., n., v.
核心义
抽象的；摘要；提取
常用搭配
abstract concept / abstract thinking / academic abstract
同义词
conceptual / summary / extract
反义词
concrete / detailed
发音
/ˈæbstrækt/ (adj./n.) ; /æbˈstrækt/ (v.)
语域
学术 / 哲学 / 艺术 / 科学
🌟【十一、记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
🔹 词根联想
ab-（away） + tract（pull） → “拉开；从具体中抽离” → “抽象的”
🔹 助记句：
“The more abstract the idea, the harder it is to explain.”
——“思想越抽象，越难解释。”
💡 absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ (BrE), /əbˈsɝːd/ (AmE)
🔹adjective / noun
📘 正式 / 学术用语（formal / academic）
🔹【一、形容词：荒谬的；不合理的；荒唐的】
completely ridiculous; unreasonable; not logical or sensible
📘 中文释义：
荒谬的；荒唐的；不合逻辑的
📘 Examples:
It’s absurd to suggest that we can live without water. 认为人类可以没有水生存是荒谬的。 The whole situation was completely absurd. 整个情况简直荒唐透顶。 The idea of spending billions on space tourism seems absurd when so many people are starving. 当如此多人挨饿时，花数十亿搞太空旅游显得荒唐至极。
📘 雅思 Task 2 高分句型：
It would be absurd to ignore the environmental consequences of industrialization. Some people hold the absurd belief that money alone guarantees happiness. The notion that censorship protects morality is absurd in a democratic society.
🔹【二、名词：荒诞（the absurd）】
things that seem unreasonable or meaningless; especially in literature and philosophy, the conflict between human desire for meaning and the silent universe
📘 中文释义：
荒诞；荒谬的事（尤指文学或哲学中的“荒诞”）
📘 Examples:
He tried to make sense of the absurd in human existence. 他试图理解人类存在中的荒诞。 The play reflects the absurd of modern life. 这部戏剧反映了现代生活的荒谬。
📘 学术拓展（哲学领域）：
在存在主义哲学中，the Absurd 指的是“人类寻求意义的愿望与世界本身无意义的矛盾”。
Camus described life as absurd, yet worth living.
🔹【三、常见搭配（Collocations）】
搭配
含义
示例
completely / totally / utterly absurd
完全荒谬的
The claim is utterly absurd.
seem / sound absurd
看起来 / 听起来荒唐
It sounds absurd, but it’s true.
absurd idea / suggestion / situation / argument / belief / claim
荒谬的想法 / 建议 / 情况 / 论点 / 信念 / 声称
The argument was absurd and illogical.
📘 雅思写作示例：
The absurd argument that climate change is a hoax has been scientifically disproven.
🔹【四、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）**
含义
同义词
反义词
荒谬的
ridiculous / preposterous / illogical / irrational / nonsensical
reasonable / logical / sensible / rational
📘 使用建议：
“absurd” 比 “ridiculous” 更正式，常用于书面或学术语境。 “preposterous” 更强烈，带有讽刺意味。
🔹【五、派生词（Word Family）】
词形
词性
中文释义
例句
absurdity
n.
荒谬；荒唐事
The absurdity of the policy shocked the public.
absurdism
n.
荒诞主义（文学/哲学流派）
Absurdism explores the conflict between reason and meaninglessness.
absurdly
adv.
荒唐地；不合理地
The prices are absurdly high.
📘 雅思例句：
The government acted absurdly by ignoring expert advice. The absurdity of this proposal is obvious to everyone.
🔹【六、雅思学术用法（IELTS Academic Usage）】
📘 Task 2（社会 / 科技类）:
It would be absurd to depend solely on fossil fuels in the 21st century. Some argue that restricting free speech to maintain order is absurd. The belief that intelligence is fixed from birth is scientifically absurd.
📘 Task 2（哲学 / 教育类）:
Education without creativity is an absurd system that produces obedience rather than innovation. According to existentialist philosophers, life’s meaning arises from confronting the absurd.
📘 Speaking:
“It’s absurd how much money people spend on luxury items just for social status.”
🔹【七、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）**
项目
内容
词性
adj. / n.
副词形式
absurdly（荒唐地）
名词形式
absurdity（荒谬；荒诞）
语域
正式 / 学术 / 哲学 / 文学 / 日常（带讽刺）
常用句式
It is absurd to + V / It seems absurd that…
📘 例句模板：
It is absurd to argue that… It seems absurd that people still deny climate change.
🔹【八、词源（Etymology）】
来自拉丁语 absurdus：
ab-（away from） + surdus（deaf, dull, silent）
原义：“不谐调的 / 听起来不对劲的” → “荒谬的，不合逻辑的”。
📘 同源词：
surd（数学术语：无理数） deaf（语义同源于“听不见理智之声”）
🔹【九、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
adj. / n.
核心义
荒谬的；不合理的；荒诞（哲学）
常见搭配
absurd idea / completely absurd / the absurd
同义词
ridiculous / illogical / irrational / preposterous
反义词
reasonable / sensible / logical
派生词
absurdity / absurdly / absurdism
语域
正式 / 学术 / 文学 / 哲学
发音
/əbˈsɜːd/ (BrE), /əbˈsɝːd/ (AmE)
🌟【十、记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
🔹 词根联想
ab-（away） + surdus（deaf / dull） → “听不进理智的声音” → 荒谬、不讲道理。
🔹 助记句：
“It’s absurd to expect progress without education.”
——“没有教育还想进步，这是荒谬的。”
💡 abundance /əˈbʌndəns/
🔹noun [U, sing.]
📘 正式 / 学术用语（formal / academic）
🔹【一、释义：大量；丰富；充裕】
a very large quantity of something; the state of being plentiful
📘 中文释义：
大量；充裕；丰富；富足
📘 Examples:
The region has an abundance of natural resources. 这个地区自然资源丰富。 The flowers grew in abundance along the riverbank. 河岸边花儿盛开，一片繁茂。 There is an abundance of evidence showing that education improves health. 有大量证据表明教育能改善健康状况。
🔹【二、常见结构（Patterns）】
结构
含义
示例
an abundance of + [n.]
大量的……
an abundance of food / opportunities / data
in abundance
充足地；大量地
Resources are available in abundance.
with abundance
富有……
The garden was filled with abundance and color.
📘 雅思写作模板：
Today, we live in an abundance of information, yet lack wisdom to use it effectively. In some countries, food is wasted in abundance, while others suffer from hunger.
🔹【三、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）】
类别
同义词
反义词
表示“丰富”
plenty, profusion, wealth, plethora, surplus, copiousness
shortage, scarcity, lack, deficiency
📘 语气区别：
abundance → 中性、正式；常用于学术或书面语。 plenty → 口语；非正式。 plethora → “过多”的含义更强。
🔹【四、常见搭配（Collocations）】
搭配
示例句
abundance of resources
The country enjoys an abundance of natural resources.
abundance of opportunities
Students have an abundance of opportunities to develop their skills.
abundance of evidence/data/information
There is an abundance of data supporting this theory.
live in abundance
Many developed nations live in abundance while others face poverty.
grow/occur/appear in abundance
Wildlife occurs in abundance in the national park.
📘 雅思写作例句：
Modern societies are characterized by an abundance of information but a scarcity of attention. Developing countries often have an abundance of labor but a lack of capital.
🔹【五、派生词（Word Family）】
词形
词性
意思
示例
abundant
adj.
丰富的；充裕的
The rainforest is abundant in biodiversity.
abundantly
adv.
丰富地；极其
Water is abundantly available in this region.
📘 搭配句型：
Natural resources are abundant in this region. It is abundantly clear that education is key to development.
🔹【六、雅思学术用法（IELTS Academic Usage）**
📘 Task 1（数据/图表类）:
The country shows an abundance of agricultural products compared to its neighbors. Renewable energy sources are becoming more abundant every year.
📘 Task 2（环境 / 经济 / 教育类）:
An abundance of consumer goods has led to excessive waste and environmental damage. The Internet provides an abundance of information, but not all of it is reliable. Economic growth does not always translate into an abundance of happiness.
📘 Speaking（Part 2/3）:
“My hometown is known for its abundance of natural beauty and friendly people.” “There’s an abundance of online courses for self-learners nowadays.”
🔹【七、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）**
项目
内容
词性
名词（不可数或单数）
冠词
常用 “an abundance of…”
固定短语
in abundance / with abundance
常用介词
of（表示“……的丰富”）
搭配形容词
great, huge, natural, rich, surprising abundance
📘 语法示例：
✅ There is an abundance of evidence.
🚫 There are abundances of evidences. （错误！不可数）
🔹【八、词源（Etymology）】
来自拉丁语 abundantia（丰富，充盈） ← abundare（溢出、充满）
ab-（away, over） + unda（wave） → “溢出如波浪般丰富”。
📘 同源词：
abound（v. 大量存在） abundant（adj. 丰富的）
🔹【九、学术短语模板（IELTS Academic Phrases）】
用法
示例句
in an abundance of caution
As a precautionary measure, the government acted in an abundance of caution.
abundance of evidence suggests that…
An abundance of evidence suggests that early education improves long-term outcomes.
live in abundance
Modern societies live in abundance yet suffer from loneliness.
be abundant in…
The area is abundant in oil and minerals.
🔹【十、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
noun (U, sing.)
核心义
大量；充裕；富足
常见搭配
an abundance of + n. / in abundance
派生词
abundant (adj.), abundantly (adv.)
同义词
plenty, profusion, wealth, plethora
反义词
shortage, scarcity, lack
语域
正式 / 学术 / 书面语
发音
/əˈbʌndəns/
🌟【十一、记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
🔹 词根联想：
ab-（向外） + unda（波浪） → “波浪般溢出” → 丰富、充盈
🔹 助记句：
“With hard work and patience, success will come in abundance.”
——“努力与耐心终会带来丰硕成果。”
💡 abuse /əˈbjuːs/ (n.) · /əˈbjuːz/ (v.)
🔹noun [U, C] · verb [T]
📘 正式 / 学术用语（formal / academic）
词根：ab-（away）+ use（使用）→“错误地使用”→ 滥用、虐待、辱骂。
🔹【一、名词 noun】
1️⃣ 滥用；妄用
the use of something in a wrong or harmful way
📘 中文释义：
滥用；误用；妄用
📘 Examples:
The abuse of power leads to corruption. 权力的滥用导致腐败。 Alcohol abuse can cause serious health problems. 酗酒会造成严重健康问题。 There is growing concern about the abuse of technology and data privacy. 人们越来越担心科技与数据隐私的滥用。
📘 雅思例句（Task 2）:
The abuse of natural resources has led to environmental degradation. Governments should prevent the abuse of authority within institutions.
2️⃣ 虐待；伤害
cruel or violent treatment of a person or animal
📘 中文释义：
虐待；伤害（尤其指身体或心理上的）
📘 Examples:
Child abuse is a serious crime. 虐待儿童是一种严重罪行。 Cases of domestic abuse are often underreported. 家庭虐待案件常被低估或隐瞒。 The organization helps victims of sexual abuse. 该组织帮助性虐待受害者。
📘 雅思学术用法（社会/法律类）:
Public awareness campaigns are crucial to reducing domestic abuse. Many victims of psychological abuse suffer long-term trauma.
3️⃣ 辱骂；侮辱性言辞
rude or offensive language
📘 中文释义：
辱骂；侮辱性言语
📘 Examples:
The referee suffered verbal abuse from angry fans. 裁判遭到愤怒球迷的辱骂。 He shouted abuse at the police. 他对警察破口大骂。
📘 雅思 Speaking 例句：
“Online abuse has become a major issue on social media.”
🔹【二、动词 verb】
1️⃣ 滥用；误用
to use something in a way that is wrong or harmful
📘 Examples:
He abused his position to gain financial benefits. 他滥用职权谋取私利。 Some people abuse the welfare system. 有些人滥用福利制度。 Technology should be used wisely, not abused. 科技应被理性使用，而非滥用。
📘 雅思句型模板：
Many corporations abuse their power for profit. Students who abuse the Internet waste valuable study time.
2️⃣ 虐待（人或动物）
to treat a person or animal cruelly or violently
📘 Examples:
The boy had been abused by his stepfather. 那个男孩曾遭继父虐待。 Animals should not be abused for entertainment. 动物不应被虐待来取乐。
📘 学术句型（Task 2）:
Governments should enforce laws to prevent children from being abused.
3️⃣ 辱骂；侮辱
to speak to someone in an offensive or insulting way
📘 Examples:
The protesters abused the police officers. 抗议者辱骂了警察。 She was abused online after sharing her opinion. 她在网上发表意见后受到了辱骂。
🔹【三、常见搭配（Collocations）】
名词搭配
示例句
abuse of power / authority / trust / technology
The abuse of power must be punished.
drug / alcohol / substance abuse
Drug abuse is a growing social issue.
child / sexual / domestic abuse
Child abuse has lifelong consequences.
verbal abuse
He faced verbal abuse at work.
动词搭配
示例句
abuse one’s position / power
She abused her position for personal gain.
abuse a privilege / system / right
Those who abuse their rights may lose them.
abuse someone verbally / physically / emotionally
The employee was abused verbally by customers.
🔹【四、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）】
类别
同义词
反义词
滥用
misuse, exploit, overuse, misapply
use properly, regulate
虐待
mistreat, harm, oppress, persecute
protect, care for
辱骂
insult, offend, curse, scold
praise, compliment
📘 区别：
abuse 强调“权力、信任或资源的错误使用”。 misuse 多用于“工具、药物、数据”等非人对象。
🔹【五、派生词（Word Family）】
词形
词性
意思
示例
abusive
adj.
辱骂的；虐待的；滥用的
He had an abusive childhood.
abusively
adv.
辱骂地；滥用地
She spoke abusively to the staff.
abuser
n.
虐待者；滥用者
Drug abusers need medical help.
🔹【六、雅思学术用法（IELTS Academic Usage）**
📘 Task 2（社会类）:
The abuse of power by officials undermines public trust. Strict regulations are required to prevent data abuse in digital platforms. Victims of domestic abuse often struggle to seek help due to social stigma.
📘 Task 2（科技类）:
Artificial intelligence can be abused for surveillance or manipulation. The Internet’s freedom should not be abused to spread hate speech.
📘 Speaking Part 3:
“I think power abuse in politics is one of the main reasons for corruption.”
🔹【七、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）**
项目
内容
词性
n. (U, C) / v. (T)
动词时态
abused / abusing
常见冠词
an abuse of… / the abuse of…
搭配介词
abuse of + n.
名词化表达
prevent the abuse of… / the abuse towards sb.
句型结构
be abused by / be accused of abuse
📘 例句模板：
It is important to prevent the abuse of technology. Victims were abused by their employers.
🔹【八、词源（Etymology）**
来自拉丁语 abusus（误用、滥用）← abuti（to use up wrongly）
ab-（away, wrong）+ uti（to use） → “错误地使用”。
📘 同源词：
use（使用） utility（实用性） utilize（利用）
🔹【九、学术短语模板（IELTS Writing & Speaking）**
模板
示例
abuse of power / technology / freedom
The abuse of freedom can lead to chaos.
prevent / regulate / reduce abuse
Policies are needed to regulate the abuse of data.
be subject to abuse
Many online influencers are subject to abuse on social media.
cases of abuse
Authorities must investigate all cases of abuse.
abuse one’s authority / trust / rights
Companies that abuse consumer trust should face legal consequences.
🔹【十、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
n. (U, C); v. (T)
核心义
滥用；虐待；辱骂
常见搭配
abuse of power / drug abuse / domestic abuse
同义词
misuse / mistreat / insult
反义词
protect / respect / regulate
派生词
abusive / abuser / abusively
语域
正式 / 学术 / 社会议题类
发音
n. /əˈbjuːs/ · v. /əˈbjuːz/
🌟【十一、记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
🔹 词根联想：
ab-（wrongly）+ use（使用）→ “错误地使用” → 滥用、虐待。
🔹 助记句：
“Power is meant to serve, not to be abused.”
——“权力应为人服务，而非被滥用。”
💡 academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/
🔹adjective & noun
📘 正式 / 学术用语（formal / academic）
🔹【一、形容词 adjective】
1️⃣ 学业的；学术的；学校的；与教育相关的
connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities
📘 中文释义：
学业的；学校的；学术的
📘 Examples:
The university has a strong academic reputation. 这所大学学术声誉很高。 She has excellent academic qualifications. 她的学历很优秀。 The academic performance of students has improved significantly. 学生的学习成绩显著提高。
📘 雅思写作高分句型（教育类）:
Academic achievement should not be the only measure of success. Governments must invest more in academic research and innovation. Many students focus solely on academic knowledge rather than practical skills.
2️⃣ 学术性的；纯理论的（非实践的）
involving a lot of reading and studying rather than practical or technical skills
📘 中文释义：
学术的；理论的；书本的（与实际相对）
📘 Examples:
The course is too academic and lacks practical training. 这门课程过于理论化，缺乏实践训练。 Some argue that academic education should be balanced with vocational skills. 有人认为学术教育应与职业技能并重。
📘 雅思写作例句（教育/职业类）:
Universities often emphasize academic learning over hands-on experience. It is important to balance academic study with real-world application.
3️⃣ 纯理论的；假设性的（不切实际的）
(of a discussion, question, etc.) not connected to a real situation
📘 中文释义：
纯理论的；假设的；无实际意义的
📘 Examples:
The question is purely academic — it has no practical relevance. 这个问题纯属学术探讨，毫无实际意义。 It’s an academic debate that will never affect real policy. 那是一场永远不会影响政策的理论争论。
📘 学术口语表达:
“That’s more of an academic argument than a real-world issue.”
🔹【二、名词 noun】
1️⃣ 学者；大学教师；研究人员
a person who teaches or does research at a university or college
📘 中文释义：
学者；学术研究者；大学教师
📘 Examples:
Many leading academics attended the conference. 许多著名学者出席了会议。 He is a respected academic in the field of economics. 他是经济学领域受人尊敬的学者。
📘 雅思学术例句:
Universities rely on experienced academics to maintain research standards. Collaboration among academics can lead to innovative discoveries.
2️⃣ 学术界人士（集合意义）
the academic community or environment in general
📘 Example:
Academics are increasingly encouraged to publish their research online. 学术界越来越鼓励学者在线发表研究成果。
🔹【三、常见搭配（Collocations）】
搭配
含义
示例句
academic achievement / performance / excellence
学业成绩 / 优秀
The school rewards students for academic excellence.
academic success / failure
学业成功 / 失败
Parental support is vital for academic success.
academic research / study / field / discipline
学术研究 / 学科领域
Academic research must follow ethical principles.
academic freedom / integrity / honesty
学术自由 / 诚信
Academic integrity is essential in higher education.
academic year / institution / community
学年 / 学术机构 / 学术界
The academic year starts in September.
academic qualifications / background
学历 / 学术背景
Employers often value academic qualifications.
📘 雅思例句：
Academic integrity is a key value in universities. Academic freedom allows researchers to explore controversial topics.
🔹【四、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）】
含义
同义词
反义词
学术的
scholarly / educational / intellectual
practical / vocational / applied
理论的
theoretical / conceptual
experiential / real-world
学者（名词）
scholar / researcher / educator
practitioner / technician
📘 使用区别：
academic 强调“教育体系中的理论知识”。 scholarly 更正式，指“深奥或严谨的学术研究”。 vocational 强调“职业技能培训”。
🔹【五、派生词（Word Family）】
词形
词性
含义
示例
academy
n.
学院；研究院
The Royal Academy of Sciences.
academia
n.
学术界
She spent her career in academia.
academician
n.
院士；学会会员
He was elected as an academician of the national academy.
academically
adv.
学术上；学业上
She is doing well academically.
🔹【六、雅思学术用法（IELTS Academic Usage）**
📘 Task 2（教育类）:
Academic qualifications alone do not guarantee career success. Universities should balance academic theory with practical experience. Academic pressure can lead to stress among students.
📘 Task 2（社会类）:
The academic community plays a vital role in shaping public policy. Governments should fund academic research that benefits society.
📘 Speaking:
“I prefer academic subjects like history and literature.” “My academic goal is to pursue a master’s degree abroad.”
🔹【七、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）】
项目
内容
词性
adj. / n.
常用冠词
an academic / the academic system
典型搭配介词
in the academic field / for academic purposes
常见短语
academic achievement / academic pressure / academic year
语域
正式 / 学术 / 教育领域
📘 例句模板：
Students must maintain high academic standards. It is an academic question, not a practical one.
🔹【八、词源（Etymology）】
来自拉丁语 academia → 希腊语 Akadēmeia：
柏拉图在雅典创办的哲学学校“Academy”。
原意：“学者学习之地” → 引申为“学术的、理论的”。
🔹【九、学术短语模板（IELTS Writing & Speaking）】
模板
示例句
academic achievement / performance
Academic achievement should not be the only goal of education.
academic discipline / field
Psychology is an academic discipline that studies human behavior.
academic research / paper / journal
The results were published in an academic journal.
academic environment / institution
Universities provide an ideal academic environment for research.
academic vs. vocational education
Vocational education should complement academic learning.
🔹【十、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
adj. / n.
核心义
学术的；理论的；学者
常见搭配
academic achievement / academic research / academic freedom
派生词
academy / academia / academically
同义词
scholarly / educational / theoretical
反义词
practical / vocational
语域
正式 / 学术 / 教育类
发音
/ˌækəˈdemɪk/
🌟【十一、记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
🔹 词根联想：
来自古希腊哲学学校 Academy（由柏拉图创建） → “学者聚集之地” → “学术的”。
🔹 助记句：
“True education combines academic knowledge with real-life experience.”
——“真正的教育应结合学术知识与实际经验。”
💡 accede /əkˈsiːd/
🔹verb [I] （formal 正式用语）
📘 发音：/əkˈsiːd/
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 accedere — “to approach, to agree to”
🔹【一、核心释义（Oxford 英汉双解）】
1️⃣ 同意；应允（请求、要求、建议等）
to agree to a request, proposal, or demand, especially after persuasion
📘 中文释义：
同意；答应；应允（尤指在他人要求之后）
📘 Examples:
The government finally acceded to public demands for reform. 政府最终同意了公众的改革要求。 The manager refused to accede to the workers’ requests for higher pay. 经理拒绝答应工人加薪的要求。
📘 雅思写作例句（政府/社会类）:
Authorities should not accede to public pressure without thorough consideration. Some argue that governments must accede to the environmental demands of citizens.
📘 近义表达：
agree to / consent to / comply with / yield to / give in to
📘 语法结构：
✅ accede to sth （后接名词）
❌ 不可直接接动词原形。
2️⃣ 就任（重要职位）；即位；登基
to become king, queen, or to take a position of power or high rank
📘 中文释义：
即位；登基；就任高职
📘 Examples:
Queen Elizabeth II acceded to the throne in 1952. 伊丽莎白二世女王于1952年登基。 He acceded to power after the sudden resignation of his predecessor. 前任突然辞职后，他继任掌权。
📘 雅思学术例句（历史/政治类）:
The new monarch acceded to the throne amid widespread public support. Many leaders accede to power through both political skill and circumstance.
3️⃣ 加入（组织、协议、条约）
(formal) to become a member of an international organization or to agree to a treaty or agreement
📘 中文释义：
加入（组织）；同意（条约、协定）
📘 Examples:
Several new states acceded to the European Union in 2004. 2004年，数个新国家加入了欧盟。 The country refused to accede to the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. 该国拒绝加入《核不扩散条约》。
📘 雅思写作高分例句（国际关系类）:
Many developing nations are hesitant to accede to trade agreements that favor developed economies. States often accede to international conventions to enhance global cooperation.
🔹【二、常见搭配（Collocations）】
搭配
含义
示例
accede to power
登上权力位置；掌权
He acceded to power after the election.
accede to the throne
登基
The prince acceded to the throne after his father’s death.
accede to demands / requests / pressure
同意要求 / 请求 / 压力
The board acceded to the shareholders’ demands.
accede to an agreement / treaty / convention
加入协议 / 条约
Several countries acceded to the agreement.
🔹【三、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）】
特点
说明
动词类型
不及物动词 (intransitive verb)
常接介词
accede to sth
语域
正式（formal）；书面用语
同义词组
agree, consent, comply, yield
常见错误
❌ accede something → ✅ accede to something
📘 例句模板：
The government refused to accede to the protesters’ demands.
（政府拒绝同意抗议者的要求。）
🔹【四、同义词与细微区别（Synonyms & Nuances）】
单词
含义
区别
accede (to)
正式同意或接受请求/条约
多用于书面语、政治语境
agree (to)
普通同意
语气较弱、口语常见
consent (to)
表示正式许可或道德批准
更强调“授权”
comply (with)
遵守、依从（规则、法律）
含义更被动
yield (to)
屈服、让步
通常暗示压力或强迫
📘 对比句：
The company agreed to the proposal.（普通同意） The government acceded to the proposal after negotiations.（正式同意） The employee complied with the regulation.（遵守）
🔹【五、派生与相关词汇（Word Family）】
词形
词性
含义
示例
accession
n.
就职；登基；加入
Her accession to the throne was celebrated nationwide.
accessible
adj.
可接近的；易理解的
The report should be accessible to non-experts.
access
n./v.
接近；进入；使用
Public access to information is essential in democracy.
🔹【六、雅思写作实用表达（IELTS Academic Usage）】
📘 Task 2 政府/国际关系类:
Countries should accede to international environmental conventions. Some governments refuse to accede to foreign pressure. The success of global governance depends on nations acceding to cooperative agreements.
📘 Task 2 法律/人权类:
The organization urged all states to accede to the human rights treaty.
📘 Task 2 政治类:
A leader accedes to power through democratic elections or inheritance.
🔹【七、语义拓展（Extended Meaning）】
表示一种“让步、承认、顺从”的意味。 在国际法、政治或组织语境中，指“正式加入或接受”一项已有的条约、协议、地位。
📘 例句：
By acceding to the Paris Agreement, the nation demonstrated its commitment to sustainability. He acceded to his predecessor’s position reluctantly.
🔹【八、词源（Etymology）】
📜 源自拉丁语 accedere = ad (“to”) + cedere (“go, yield”)
➡ 原意：“走向 / 让步于” → 引申为“同意、顺从”
🔹【九、记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
📘 词根记忆法：
ad-（to） + cede（to go / yield） → “走向、顺从” 👉 accede = go along with → “同意 / 加入”
📘 助记句：
“Leaders should accede to the will of the people.”
——“领导者应当顺应民意。”
🔹【十、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
vi.
核心义
同意；就任；加入
常见搭配
accede to power / the throne / demands / treaty
语域
正式、政治、学术
常接介词
to
近义词
agree (to), consent (to), comply (with), yield (to)
派生词
accession (n.)
发音
/əkˈsiːd/
💡 accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/
🔹verb [I or T]
📘 发音：/əkˈseləreɪt/
📘 语域：正式 / 学术（formal / academic）
📘 词根：来自拉丁语 accelerare（ac- “toward” + celer “swift” → “to make faster”）
🔹【一、核心释义（Oxford 英汉双解）】
1️⃣ （使）加速；（使）增速
to happen or make something happen faster or earlier
📘 中文释义：
（使）加快；（使）加速
📘 Examples:
The car accelerated smoothly away from the traffic lights. 汽车从红绿灯前平稳地加速驶离。 Inflation has continued to accelerate in recent months. 最近几个月通货膨胀持续加剧。 Technological innovation accelerates economic growth. 技术创新加快了经济增长。
📘 雅思写作高分句（趋势类）:
The rate of population growth accelerated sharply after 2000. Global warming is accelerating due to human activities. The development of artificial intelligence has accelerated dramatically in recent years.
📘 语法结构：
✅ accelerate sth → 及物：加快某事
✅ accelerate → 不及物：自身加速
2️⃣ 促进；推动（发展、进步等）
to make something happen sooner or faster
📘 中文释义：
促进；加快（进程、变化、发展等）
📘 Examples:
New policies were introduced to accelerate economic reform. 政府出台了新政策以加快经济改革。 Education can accelerate social mobility. 教育可以促进社会流动。 The discovery of vaccines accelerated medical progress. 疫苗的发现推动了医学进步。
📘 雅思写作例句（科技/经济类）:
Globalization has accelerated cultural exchange worldwide. Investment in renewable energy can accelerate the transition to a sustainable economy.
3️⃣ （物理）使速度增加
(physics) to increase in speed
📘 中文释义：
（物理）加速度；使加速
📘 Example:
An object accelerates when a force acts on it. 当物体受力时会产生加速度。
🔹【二、常见搭配（Collocations）】
搭配
含义
示例句
accelerate development / growth / progress
加快发展 / 增长 / 进步
Technological advances accelerate progress in medicine.
accelerate change / transition / reform
推动变革 / 过渡 / 改革
The policy aims to accelerate economic reform.
accelerate pace / process / rate
加快步伐 / 进程 / 速度
The pace of globalization has accelerated.
accelerate decline / deterioration
加速衰退 / 恶化
Pollution accelerates the deterioration of ecosystems.
accelerate learning / innovation
促进学习 / 创新
AI tools can accelerate learning efficiency.
🔹【三、雅思写作高分表达（IELTS Academic Usage）】
📘 Task 1（动态图表）:
The rate of urbanization accelerated between 1990 and 2010. The upward trend accelerated sharply in the final decade. Sales growth accelerated steadily after 2015.
📘 Task 2（科技类）:
The internet has accelerated the exchange of information. Technological innovation accelerates the pace of human progress.
📘 Task 2（经济类）:
Global trade has accelerated economic interdependence. Investments in infrastructure can accelerate national development.
📘 Task 2（环境类）:
Deforestation accelerates climate change. The overuse of fossil fuels accelerates environmental degradation.
📘 Task 2（社会类）:
Urbanization accelerates the demand for housing and public transport.
🔹【四、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）】
项目
内容
词性
动词（及物 / 不及物）
常接结构
accelerate + noun / accelerate + adverb
常用副词修饰
rapidly, sharply, steadily, significantly, dramatically
语域
正式、书面语、学术场景
常见错误
❌ to accelerate on sth → ✅ accelerate sth / accelerate in sth
📘 例句模板：
The government must take measures to accelerate the reform process. The global economy accelerated dramatically in the early 21st century.
🔹【五、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）】
类别
词汇
说明
同义词
hasten / quicken / expedite / promote / boost
均表示“加速 / 促进”，语气有细微差别
反义词
slow down / delay / hinder / impede
表示“减缓 / 延迟”
📘 区别：
accelerate → 加快速度或进程（中性或积极） expedite → 更正式，多用于“行政 / 流程加速” boost → 提高水平（非速度） hasten → 使提前发生（常含情绪色彩）
🔹【六、派生与相关词汇（Word Family）】
词形
词性
含义
示例
acceleration
n.
加速；加速度
There has been an acceleration in global warming.
accelerator
n.
加速器；油门
Scientists used a particle accelerator to conduct the experiment.
accelerative
adj.
加速的；促进的
Accelerative policies were implemented to stimulate the economy.
🔹【七、雅思同义替换建议（IELTS Paraphrasing）】
原句
同义表达
The process accelerated rapidly.
The process sped up rapidly.
Technological progress has accelerated.
Technological progress has advanced quickly.
Education accelerates development.
Education promotes / fosters development.
📘 Task 1 范例句型：
The number of cars accelerated sharply between 1990 and 2000. The rate of increase sped up dramatically over the decade.
🔹【八、学术用途（Academic Collocations）】
搭配
学术用法
accelerate globalization
加速全球化
accelerate climate change
加速气候变化
accelerate technological innovation
加快技术创新
accelerate economic growth
促进经济增长
accelerate learning processes
加快学习过程
accelerate social transformation
推动社会变革
📘 Example:
Digital technology has accelerated globalization and information exchange.
🔹【九、词源（Etymology）】
📜 来自拉丁语 accelerare
→ ad (“toward”) + celer (“swift”)
原意：“朝着速度去” → “加快、促进”。
🔹【十、记忆技巧（Memory Tip）】
📘 词根法：
celer = fast（快） 👉 accelerate = “使变快”
📘 助记句：
“Education accelerates progress.”
——“教育促进进步。”
📘 联想法：
🚗 “踩下油门（accelerator）→ accelerate（加速）”
🔹【十一、总结表（Summary Table）】
项目
内容
词性
动词（及物 / 不及物）
核心义
加速；促进；推动
常见搭配
accelerate growth / change / development / reform
语域
正式；学术；科技经济类
派生词
acceleration / accelerator
同义词
hasten / expedite / boost / promote
反义词
slow down / delay / hinder
发音
/əkˈseləreɪt/
🌟 雅思高分句模板（建议背诵）
1️⃣ Technological innovation has greatly accelerated the pace of globalization.
——科技创新极大加快了全球化的步伐。
2️⃣ Education plays a vital role in accelerating social and economic development.
——教育在推动社会与经济发展中起着关键作用。
3️⃣ Climate change is accelerating faster than scientists predicted.
——气候变化的速度比科学家预测的还要快。
❄🌸Snow Cherry Blossom🌸❄ 