accuracy /ˈækjərəsi/
🔹noun [U]
📘 英式发音：/ˈækjərəsi/ 📘 美式发音：/ˈækjərəsi/
📘 语体：正式 / 学术 / 中性
📘 词源：源自拉丁语 accuratus = “careful, exact” → “精确、准确”。
🔹 一、名词义：准确性；精确度
the quality of being correct, exact, and free from mistakes
📘 中文释义：
精确性，准确性 正确性
📘 例句：
The accuracy of the data is crucial for scientific research. 数据的准确性对科学研究至关重要。 Modern GPS systems provide high accuracy in navigation. 现代GPS系统提供高度精确的导航。 The study was praised for its accuracy and reliability. 这项研究因其准确性和可靠性而受到称赞。 We need to improve the accuracy of our measurements. 我们需要提高测量的精确度。
📘 雅思写作高分句型
The accuracy of statistical information is essential for policy-making. Scientific experiments require high levels of accuracy and precision. Teachers should focus on both fluency and accuracy in language learning.
🔹 二、常见搭配（Collocations & Phrases）
搭配
含义
示例
high / low accuracy
高/低精确度
The machine guarantees high accuracy.
improve / ensure / maintain accuracy
提高 / 确保 / 保持准确性
Measures were taken to ensure the accuracy of the results.
accuracy rate
准确率
The accuracy rate of the test was 95%.
measurement / data / information accuracy
测量 / 数据 / 信息准确性
Data accuracy is vital in scientific research.
linguistic / grammatical accuracy
语言 / 语法准确性
IELTS speaking and writing assess both fluency and accuracy.
🔹 三、语法与用法
项目
说明
词性
名词 [U]
修饰语
high, low, considerable, remarkable, essential
搭配动词
ensure, improve, maintain, check, measure
学术 / 正式场景
科研报告、实验、数据分析、语言学习、政策研究
口语用法
可用于科学、教育或工作场景
📘 例句对比
The accuracy of your predictions will determine the success of the project. Ensuring accuracy in measurements is critical in laboratory experiments.
🔹 四、同义词与近义表达（Synonyms & Nuances）
同义词
区别
precision
更强调“精密、精确度”，常用于科学或工程
correctness
正确性，强调符合规则或事实
exactness
精确性，偏数学、测量
truthfulness
真实性，偏信息或陈述的真实程度
📘 例句对比
GPS technology provides unparalleled accuracy and precision. The teacher checked the correctness of students’ answers. Laboratory instruments ensure the exactness of measurements.
🔹 五、派生词与相关表达（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
accurate
adj.
精确的，准确的
The report contains accurate information.
inaccuracy
n.
不准确；误差
There is some inaccuracy in the recorded data.
accurately
adv.
精确地，准确地
The data were recorded accurately.
accurateness
n.
精确性（正式、少用）
The accurateness of the measurement is critical.
🔹 六、雅思写作高分句型（Academic Use）
📘 Task 1 图表 / 数据题
The accuracy of measurements must be ensured to interpret the results correctly. Data entry errors can reduce the overall accuracy of statistical analysis.
📘 Task 2 论证题
High-quality education requires both fluency and accuracy in language use. Government policies should be based on data with proven accuracy. Technological advances improve the accuracy of climate predictions.
📘 Speaking（Part 3 高分表达）
“I always try to check the accuracy of the information before sharing it.” “In science, accuracy is more important than speed when conducting experiments.”
🔹 七、典型错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
❌ We need to increase accuracy rate high.
✅ We need to increase the accuracy rate.
❌ Accuracy is very important for the information correct.
✅ The accuracy of the information is very important.
🔹 八、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
名词 [U]
核心义
精确性；准确性；正确性
常用搭配
high / low accuracy, accuracy of data / measurements / predictions, accuracy rate
派生词
accurate, accurately, inaccuracy
同义词
precision, exactness, correctness, truthfulness
语域
正式 / 学术 / 科研 / 教育 / 数据分析
雅思场景
数据分析、实验研究、政策研究、语言学习、科技报告
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ The accuracy of climate models has improved significantly in the last decade.
2️⃣ Teachers should focus on both fluency and accuracy in students’ writing.
3️⃣ Technological advancements increase the accuracy of medical diagnoses.
4️⃣ Errors in data entry can undermine the accuracy of statistical research.
5️⃣ The accuracy of GPS navigation allows precise location tracking worldwide.
accuse /əˈkjuːz/
🔹verb [T]
📘 英式发音：/əˈkjuːz/ 📘 美式发音：/əˈkjuːz/
📘 语体：正式 / 法律 / 社会议题常用
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 accūsāre = “call to account, blame” → “控告、指责”。
🔹 一、动词义：指控；控告；指责
[T] to say that someone has done something wrong or illegal
📘 中文释义：
指控（某人犯罪或违法） 指责（某人做错事）
📘 语法结构：
accuse sb of (doing) sth → 指控 / 指责某人做某事
📘 例句：
She accused him of lying. 她指责他撒谎。 He was accused of stealing company funds. 他被控盗用公司资金。 Several politicians were accused of corruption. 数名政客被控贪污。 The company was accused of exploiting child labor. 该公司被指控剥削童工。 Environmentalists accused the government of ignoring climate change. 环保人士指责政府忽视气候变化。
🔹 二、固定搭配（Collocations & Patterns）
搭配
含义
示例
accuse sb of sth / doing sth
指控 / 指责某人某事
She accused him of cheating.
be accused of sth
被控告 / 被指控
He was accused of fraud.
wrongly / falsely accused
被错误地指控
He was wrongly accused of the crime.
accuse sb publicly / directly
公开 / 直接指责某人
The journalist accused the minister publicly.
accuse sb before a court / jury
在法庭上控告某人
The suspect was accused before a jury.
🔹 三、语法与用法要点
项目
内容
动词类型
及物动词（accuse sb of sth）
被动语态常用
He was accused of lying.
语气正式 / 严肃
常用于媒体报道、法律语境或学术写作
不用于自反结构
❌ He accused himself of…（除非文学性表达）
📘 常见错误纠正：
❌ He was accused for stealing.
✅ He was accused of stealing.
🔹 四、同义词与区别（Synonyms & Nuances）
词
含义
区别
charge
正式指控（尤指法律程序）
He was charged with murder.（警方正式起诉）
blame
责备（语气较轻）
Don’t blame me for your mistake.
denounce
公开谴责（常用于政治/道德）
The report denounced corruption in the system.
allege
声称（未经证实）
He was alleged to have stolen money.
criticize
批评（较温和）
She criticized the government’s decision.
📘 比较示例：
He was accused of corruption.（被正式指控） He was charged with corruption.（进入司法程序） He was blamed for corruption.（被认为有过错） He was denounced for corruption.（被公开谴责）
🔹 五、派生词与相关表达（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
accusation
n.
指控；控告
The accusation was later proven false.
accuser
n.
控告者；原告
The accuser refused to reveal their identity.
accused
n. / adj.
被告；被控的
The accused pleaded not guilty.
self-accusation
n.
自责；自我指控
His letter expressed deep self-accusation.
📘 常见搭配：
make an accusation → 提出指控 face / deny an accusation → 面对 / 否认指控 the accused → 被告人（法律术语）
🔹 六、雅思写作高分用法（Academic & Formal Use）
📘 Task 2（社会类议论文）
Many politicians are often accused of corruption or misuse of power. The media has been accused of spreading misinformation. Companies are frequently accused of damaging the environment for profit. Governments are sometimes accused of violating human rights.
📘 Task 1（报告 / 图表类）
Not directly used, but can appear in describing legal trends (e.g. number of people accused of crimes).
📘 Speaking Part 3（伦理 / 社会类）
“Public figures are often accused of hypocrisy when their actions contradict their words.” “The government was accused of failing to protect vulnerable citizens.”
🔹 七、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
改正句
❌ He was accused for stealing.
✅ He was accused of stealing.
❌ The accuse was false.
✅ The accusation was false.
❌ She accused him that he lied.
✅ She accused him of lying.
❌ They accused to the police.
✅ They reported it to the police.（accuse 不接 to）
🔹 八、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
动词 [T]
核心义
指控；控告；指责
常用结构
accuse sb of (doing) sth
常见语域
法律 / 政治 / 社会 / 媒体报道
派生词
accusation, accuser, accused
同义词
charge, blame, allege, denounce
反义词
defend, justify, exonerate
语气
正式 / 严肃 / 中性偏负面
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ Several corporations have been accused of exploiting cheap labour in developing countries.
2️⃣ The journalist was wrongly accused of spreading false information.
3️⃣ Politicians are often accused of prioritizing profit over public welfare.
4️⃣ The accusation against the scientist was later proven unfounded.
5️⃣ He faced serious accusations of fraud and corruption.
accustom /əˈkʌstəm/
🔹verb [T] (formal)
📘 英式发音：/əˈkʌstəm/ 📘 美式发音：/əˈkʌstəm/
📘 语体：正式 / 学术 / 书面语
📘 词源：源自古法语 accostumer（= make customary）→ “使习惯于”。
🔹 一、动词义：使习惯于；使适应
[T] (often passive) to make somebody or yourself familiar with or used to something
📘 中文释义：
使某人习惯于（某种环境、做法、情况等） 使适应；使熟悉
📘 语法结构：
accustom sb/yourself to sth / doing sth 👉 “使某人（自己）习惯于某事/做某事”
📘 例句：
It took me a few weeks to accustom myself to the new climate. 我花了几个星期才适应新的气候。 Soldiers must accustom themselves to discipline. 士兵必须习惯于遵守纪律。 She had to accustom herself to living alone. 她不得不习惯一个人生活。 We should accustom children to working independently. 我们应当让孩子习惯独立工作。 The students gradually accustomed themselves to university life. 学生们逐渐适应了大学生活。
🔹 二、常见搭配（Collocations & Patterns）
搭配
含义
示例
accustom sb to sth
使某人习惯于某事
Parents should accustom children to responsibility.
accustom yourself to sth / doing sth
习惯于某事 / 做某事
She soon accustomed herself to city life.
be accustomed to sth / doing sth
（被动形式→形容词用法）习惯于
He is accustomed to hard work.
become / get accustomed to
逐渐习惯于
It takes time to become accustomed to new rules.
📘 注意：“be accustomed to” 其实是 “accustom” 的过去分词结构，常作为 形容词短语 使用，非常常见于学术写作（是 be used to 的正式表达）。
🔹 三、语法与用法要点
项目
内容
动词类型
及物动词（accustom sb to sth）
常用语态
多用被动：be accustomed to
后接形式
名词 / 动名词（doing）
语气
正式，书面语
替代口语表达
get used to
📘 对比示例：
正式表达
口语表达
含义
She is accustomed to working late.
She is used to working late.
她习惯于加班。
He accustomed himself to the cold weather.
He got used to the cold weather.
他适应了寒冷的天气。
🔹 四、同义词与近义词（Synonyms & Distinctions）
同义词
含义
区别
adapt (to)
适应
强调适应新条件或改变
adjust (to)
调整；适应
偏向行为或情绪上的调整
familiarize (with)
使熟悉
强调让人了解某事
habituate (to)
使习惯
非常正式、心理学用语
get used to
习惯（口语）
常用于日常英语、非正式场合
📘 例句比较：
It took me a while to accustom myself to the new culture. It took me a while to adapt to the new culture.（更常用于一般语境）
🔹 五、派生词与相关表达（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
accustomed
adj.
习惯于的；通常的
He’s accustomed to early mornings.
unaccustomed
adj.
不习惯的；罕见的
She felt tired after the unaccustomed exercise.
📘 典型用法：
be accustomed to sth / doing sth → 习惯于某事 / 做某事 the accustomed way → 惯常方式
📘 例句：
She’s accustomed to dealing with difficult customers. He spoke with his accustomed calmness.
🔹 六、雅思写作高分用法（Academic / Formal Use）
📘 Task 2（社会、教育、文化类）
Students should be accustomed to independent learning before entering university. Citizens must accustom themselves to a culture of sustainability. People are becoming accustomed to relying on digital devices for daily communication. Children should be accustomed to responsibility from an early age.
📘 Task 1（趋势 / 图表类）
Employees gradually accustomed themselves to the new work schedule after the policy change.
📘 Speaking Part 2 / 3（生活变化类）
“When I first moved abroad, it took me a while to accustom myself to the local food.” “Now I’m quite accustomed to speaking English every day.”
🔹 七、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
改正句
❌ I accustom to the cold weather.
✅ I accustomed myself to the cold weather.
❌ He is accustomed with noise.
✅ He is accustomed to noise.
❌ She accustomed to study late.
✅ She accustomed herself to studying late.
❌ I’m used with waking early.
✅ I’m accustomed to waking early.
🔹 八、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
动词 [T]（常用被动）
核心义
使习惯于；使适应
常用结构
accustom sb/yourself to sth / doing sth
常用被动
be accustomed to (doing) sth
语气
正式（学术 / 书面语）
同义词
adapt, adjust, familiarize, get used to
反义词
disorient, confuse, unsettle
派生词
accustomed, unaccustomed
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ Students should be accustomed to critical thinking before entering higher education.
2️⃣ New employees need time to accustom themselves to the company’s culture.
3️⃣ Citizens have become accustomed to digital communication in daily life.
4️⃣ The human body can easily accustom itself to different climates.
5️⃣ Children should be accustomed to taking responsibility at an early stage.
ache /eɪk/
🔹verb [I] | noun [C]
📘 英式发音：/eɪk/ 📘 美式发音：/eɪk/
📘 语体：中性 / 常用 / 可正式可口语
📘 词源：源自古英语 acan（= to suffer pain），原意为“持续的钝痛”。
🔹 一、动词义：[I] 感到疼痛；隐隐作痛
to feel a continuous, dull pain
📘 中文释义：
疼痛；隐隐作痛（持续性而非剧烈） （比喻）感到强烈的情感痛苦或渴望
📘 例句：
My back aches after sitting for so long. 坐太久了，我的背疼。 Her feet ached from standing all day. 她的脚因为站了一整天而疼。 His head aches badly. 他头疼得厉害。 My heart ached when I heard the news. 💔 听到那消息时，我心如刀割。 She ached for her children when she was away. 她离家时非常思念孩子。
🔹 二、名词义：[C] 疼痛；隐痛
a continuous, dull pain
📘 中文释义：
（身体某部位的）隐痛，钝痛
📘 例句：
I have a stomach ache. 我肚子痛。 He’s got a toothache. 他牙疼。 After the long walk, she had a dull ache in her legs. 走了很久后，她的腿隐隐作痛。 She felt an ache in her heart for her lost home. 她对失去的家深感痛楚。
🔹 三、常见固定搭配（Common Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
headache
头痛
I’ve got a terrible headache.
toothache
牙痛
A toothache kept me awake all night.
backache
背痛
He suffers from chronic backache.
stomach ache / stomachache
胃痛 / 肚子痛
I’ve got a stomach ache after eating too much.
earache
耳痛
The child has an earache.
heartache
心痛（情感上的）
She still feels heartache over her lost love.
ache for sth/sb
渴望 / 想念
She ached for his touch.
dull / constant ache
持续的隐痛
There’s a dull ache in my shoulder.
🔹 四、语法与用法（Grammar & Usage）
项目
内容
动词类型
不及物动词（ache 不带宾语）
名词可数性
[C] 可数名词（a headache / an ache）
强调
持续、钝痛（非突然剧痛）
时态常用
ache / ached / aching
语气
既可口语（常用），也可文学（比喻心痛）
📘 常见错误：
❌ I ache my head.
✅ My head aches.（ache 是不及物动词）
🔹 五、同义词与区别（Synonyms & Nuances）
单词
区别
示例
pain
泛指任何疼痛，可轻可重
I felt sudden pain in my chest.
hurt
动词，常指受伤或疼痛感
My leg hurts.
sore
adj. 疼的 / 发炎的
I’ve got a sore throat.
throb
搏动地痛 / 跳痛
My head throbs after the accident.
sting
剧烈的刺痛
The cut stings when I touch it.
📘 对比示例：
My head aches (隐痛) → dull, steady My head hurts (疼) → any kind of pain My head throbs (跳痛) → rhythmic pain
🔹 六、派生词与相关表达（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
aching
adj.
隐隐作痛的；渴望的
She felt an aching loneliness.
achy
adj. (informal)
疼的，酸痛的
I feel achy after the workout.
heartache
n.
心痛，悲伤
Nothing can ease her heartache.
backache / toothache / headache
n.
身体某部位疼痛
He complained of a backache.
🔹 七、雅思写作与口语应用（IELTS Academic & Speaking）
📘 Speaking Part 1（Health, Daily Life）
“I sometimes get a headache when I’m stressed.” “After exercising, I often feel an ache in my muscles.” “I had a terrible toothache last week.”
📘 Speaking Part 2（Describing feelings / experiences）
“My whole body ached after the long journey.” “When I left my hometown, my heart ached with homesickness.”
📘 Writing Task 2（Health & Lifestyle Topics）
“Many office workers suffer from backache due to a sedentary lifestyle.” “People often ignore mild aches that could indicate serious health issues.”
🔹 八、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
改正句
❌ I ache my head.
✅ My head aches.
❌ I have an ache in my head pains.
✅ I have a headache.
❌ My back is ache.
✅ My back aches. / I have a backache.
❌ I am ache.
✅ I ache. / I’m aching all over.
🔹 九、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
动词 [I]；名词 [C]
核心义
（持续的）隐痛；渴望
常用搭配
head/back/stomach ache, ache for sb/sth
语气
中性，可正式可口语
常见短语
be aching all over, dull ache, heart ache
派生词
aching, achy, heartache
同义词
pain, hurt, sore, throb, sting
反义词
relief, comfort
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ After the long flight, my legs ached terribly.
2️⃣ Many elderly people suffer from chronic backache.
3️⃣ Her heart ached for the poor children she saw.
4️⃣ I woke up with a headache, probably from lack of sleep.
5️⃣ Workers who sit all day often experience lower back ache.
achieve /əˈtʃiːv/
🔹verb [T]
📘 英式发音：/əˈtʃiːv/ 📘 美式发音：/əˈtʃiːv/
📘 语体：正式 / 学术常用 / 正面积极词汇
📘 词源：来自古法语 achever = “bring to an end, accomplish” → “完成，实现”。
🔹 一、动词义：实现；完成；达到
[T] to succeed in doing something or in reaching a particular goal, status, or standard, especially after a lot of effort
📘 中文释义：
实现（目标 / 成果） 达到（某种水平 / 成就） 完成（计划 / 任务）
📘 核心语义：
强调“通过努力而成功完成某事”，常与 effort, goal, success, standard 等搭配。
📘 例句：
She finally achieved her dream of becoming a doctor. 她终于实现了成为医生的梦想。 The company has achieved remarkable success this year. 该公司今年取得了显著成功。 He worked hard and achieved excellent exam results. 他努力学习，取得了优异的考试成绩。 The project aims to achieve sustainable development. 该项目旨在实现可持续发展。 They have achieved economic growth without harming the environment. 他们在不破坏环境的情况下实现了经济增长。
🔹 二、常见搭配（Collocations & Patterns）
搭配
含义
示例
achieve a goal / aim / objective
实现目标
She achieved her lifelong goal.
achieve success / results / victory
取得成功 / 成绩 / 胜利
We achieved great success.
achieve progress / improvement
取得进展 / 改进
The team achieved significant progress.
achieve balance / stability / equality
实现平衡 / 稳定 / 平等
It’s difficult to achieve gender equality.
achieve excellence / perfection / efficiency
达到卓越 / 完美 / 效率
The system aims to achieve high efficiency.
achieve a standard / target / level
达到标准 / 目标 / 水平
Students achieved the expected level of performance.
achieve sustainable development / economic growth
实现可持续发展 / 经济增长
The policy helps countries achieve sustainable development.
📘 语法结构：
achieve + 抽象名词（常见于学术语境） 👉 achieve success, achieve progress, achieve improvement, achieve growth 不常用于具体物品（❌ achieve a car）
🔹 三、语法与用法要点
项目
内容
动词类型
及物动词 [T]
常见句式
achieve + 名词（目标 / 成就 / 状态）
时态常用
一般过去时 / 现在完成时
语气
正式、积极、学术性强
主语常见
person / organization / government / policy / system / program
📘 例句对比：
He achieved success after years of hard work. ✅ He got success after years of hard work. ❌（语气过于口语）
🔹 四、同义词与区别（Synonyms & Nuances）
同义词
含义
区别
accomplish
完成（强调成功完成任务）
He accomplished his mission.
attain
达到（正式，多用于目标 / 水平）
She attained a high level of skill.
fulfil / fulfill
实现（愿望、职责）
He fulfilled his childhood dream.
realize
实现（梦想、理想）
She realized her ambition of becoming an engineer.
succeed in
成功地做某事
He succeeded in passing the exam.
📘 对比示例：
achieve a goal → 实现目标（最常见） accomplish a task → 完成任务（具体） attain a standard → 达到标准（抽象） fulfil a dream → 实现梦想（情感） succeed in doing sth → 成功做某事（结果）
🔹 五、派生词与相关表达（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
achievement
n.
成就；成果；完成
Her greatest achievement was winning the award.
achievable
adj.
可实现的
These goals are ambitious but achievable.
overachiever
n.
超常完成任务的人
He’s a classic overachiever—always striving for more.
underachieve
v.
成绩低于预期
Some students underachieve due to lack of motivation.
underachievement
n.
成绩不理想
The report highlights student underachievement.
🔹 六、雅思写作高分用法（Academic IELTS Use）
📘 Task 2（社会类 / 教育类 / 政策类）
Education plays a vital role in helping individuals achieve their full potential. Governments should focus on policies that achieve both economic growth and environmental protection. Many people fail to achieve work-life balance in modern society. International cooperation is essential to achieve global peace and stability.
📘 Task 1（图表 / 数据分析）
The company achieved a 15% increase in sales in 2020. The project successfully achieved its objectives within two years.
📘 Speaking Part 2 / 3（成功 / 目标类话题）
“One of my proudest achievements was when I achieved a scholarship to study abroad.” “To achieve success, I believe perseverance is the key.”
🔹 七、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
改正句
❌ He achieved to get his dream.
✅ He achieved his dream.
❌ He achieved in passing the test.
✅ He succeeded in passing the test. / He achieved excellent results.
❌ She achieved very hard.
✅ She worked very hard to achieve her goal.
❌ He achieved to finish the project.
✅ He managed to finish the project. / He achieved completion of the project.
🔹 八、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
动词 [T]
核心义
实现、完成、达到
搭配对象
goal, aim, success, result, progress, development, equality
语气
正式、积极、学术
常用句型
achieve + 抽象名词（goal, success, growth）
派生词
achievement, achievable, overachieve
同义词
accomplish, attain, fulfil, realize
反义词
fail, lose, miss
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ Hard work is essential to achieve academic excellence.
2️⃣ The government has achieved remarkable economic progress in recent years.
3️⃣ Education helps individuals achieve personal and professional goals.
4️⃣ The new policy aims to achieve equality between men and women.
5️⃣ Through teamwork, the company successfully achieved its annual targets.
acid /ˈæsɪd/
🔹noun [C, U] & adjective
📘 英式发音：/ˈæsɪd/ 📘 美式发音：/ˈæsɪd/
📘 语体：科学 / 正式 / 比喻语用均可
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 acidus = “sour（酸的）”，与“vinegar（醋）”同源。
🔹 一、名词义：酸；酸性物质
[C, U] a chemical substance that contains hydrogen and can react with a base to form a salt; acids usually taste sour and can corrode metals.
📘 中文释义：
酸；酸性物质 （化学）能与碱反应生成盐的物质
📘 例句：
Hydrochloric acid is found in the stomach and helps digestion. 盐酸存在于胃中，帮助消化。 Sulphuric acid is used in car batteries. 硫酸用于汽车电池中。 Acid rain damages forests and buildings. 酸雨会破坏森林和建筑物。 Lemon juice contains citric acid. 柠檬汁含有柠檬酸。
📘 科学搭配：
搭配
含义
示例
acid rain
酸雨
Acid rain is caused by industrial pollution.
acid test
酸性测试；关键检验（引申义）
The new policy faces its first acid test.
hydrochloric / sulphuric / nitric acid
盐酸 / 硫酸 / 硝酸
Nitric acid is used in fertilizers.
acid level / acid content
酸度；酸含量
The acid level in the soil affects plant growth.
acid solution
酸性溶液
The experiment requires a weak acid solution.
🔹 二、形容词义：酸的；尖刻的；刻薄的
[adj.] having a sour taste or a sharp, biting tone (literally or figuratively)
📘 中文释义：
1️⃣ 酸性的
2️⃣ （比喻）刻薄的，讽刺的
📘 例句：
Some fruits have an acid taste. 有些水果尝起来是酸的。 She made an acid remark about his performance. 她对他的表现发表了刻薄的评论。 He gave her an acid look. 他投给她一个冷冷的、讽刺的眼神。
📘 学术表达（科学类）
The substance shows acid characteristics in water. 该物质在水中呈酸性特征。 Acid conditions can prevent bacterial growth. 酸性环境可以抑制细菌生长。
🔹 三、短语与表达（Phrases & Idioms）
表达
含义
示例
acid rain
酸雨
Acid rain has harmful effects on aquatic life.
acid test
严格检验；关键考验
The election is an acid test for the new party.
acid comment / tone / expression
尖刻的评论 / 语气 / 表情
She spoke in an acid tone.
acid soil
酸性土壤
Some plants grow well only in acid soil.
acid reflux
胃酸倒流
He suffers from acid reflux after eating spicy food.
🔹 四、语法与用法要点
项目
内容
词性
名词 [C, U]；形容词
常用修饰词
strong / weak / sulphuric / citric / acid rain
常见搭配动词
neutralize, contain, produce, cause
名词搭配
acid content, acid reaction, acid property
引申意义
“acid comment” = 尖酸刻薄的言辞
📘 例句对比：
Lemon juice is an acid liquid. ✅ She made an acid comment about the new teacher. ✅
🔹 五、同义词与相关词（Synonyms & Related Words）
词汇
含义
区别
sour
酸的（味道）
less formal, 常用于味觉
tart
微酸的；尖刻的
常用于食物或言语
bitter
苦的；愤怒的
强烈负面情感或味觉
caustic
腐蚀性的；挖苦的
强腐蚀性或尖锐讽刺
corrosive
腐蚀性的（正式）
常用于化学、金属腐蚀
acerbic
（言语）尖锐的
正式书面语风格
🔹 六、派生词与相关表达（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
acidic
adj.
酸的；酸性的
The soil is too acidic for these plants.
acidity
n.
酸度；酸性
The acidity of the solution was measured.
acidify
v.
使酸化
Rainwater can acidify lakes and rivers.
acidification
n.
酸化过程
Ocean acidification affects marine life.
📘 例句：
Ocean acidification is a major environmental concern. The acidity of lemon juice is quite high. Factories should reduce emissions that acidify rainwater.
🔹 七、雅思写作与口语应用（Academic IELTS Use）
📘 Task 1（科学 / 环境类）
The diagram illustrates the process of acid rain formation. Excessive CO₂ emissions contribute to acidification of oceans. The experiment measured the acidity of various solutions.
📘 Task 2（环境 / 健康 / 科技类）
Industrial pollution has led to severe acid rain in many countries. Governments should take action to prevent ocean acidification. Changes in soil acidity can influence agricultural productivity.
📘 Speaking（Part 2 / 3）
“In chemistry class, we learned how acids react with bases.” “The teacher gave an acid comment, which made me a bit nervous.”
🔹 八、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
改正句
❌ The lemon has acid taste.
✅ The lemon has an acidic taste.
❌ Acid rain is a kind of acid.
✅ Acid rain contains acids formed from industrial gases.
❌ He said acid words.
✅ *He made an acid remark / spoke in an acid tone.
🔹 九、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
名词 / 形容词
核心义
酸；酸性物质；酸的；刻薄的
学术搭配
acid rain, acid test, acid soil, acid solution, acidification
派生词
acidic, acidity, acidify, acidification
同义词（比喻）
caustic, sharp, bitter, acerbic
雅思领域
环境（acid rain, ocean acidification）、化学实验、健康问题
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ Factories should reduce emissions that cause acid rain.
2️⃣ Ocean acidification has devastating effects on marine ecosystems.
3️⃣ The teacher’s acid tone discouraged many students.
4️⃣ The acidity of the soil affects agricultural productivity.
5️⃣ Scientists measured how quickly the liquid became acidic after exposure.
acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/
🔹verb [T]
📘 英式发音：/əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ 📘 美式发音：/əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ/
📘 语体：正式 / 学术 / 书面语
📘 词源：源自中古英语 aknowen（认知、承认），最终来自 know（知道）。
🔹 一、核心义：承认；认可（to accept or admit something is true or exists）
[T] to accept or admit the existence, truth, or validity of something
📘 中文释义：
1️⃣ 承认（事实、错误、问题、成就）
2️⃣ 认可（他人贡献、重要性）
📘 例句：
He acknowledged his mistake and apologized. 他承认了自己的错误并道歉。 The government acknowledged the need for urgent action. 政府承认需要紧急采取行动。 It is widely acknowledged that climate change is a serious global issue. 气候变化是严重的全球性问题，这一事实已被广泛承认。 She refused to acknowledge his presence. 她拒绝承认他的存在。
📘 常用句型：
acknowledge + n. / that 从句 → He acknowledged that he had made a mistake. be acknowledged as + n. → She is widely acknowledged as one of the best scientists in her field.
🔹 二、含义拓展（Extended Meanings）
1️⃣ 表示“确认收到”（confirm receipt of sth）
to let someone know that you have received something
📘 例句：
Please acknowledge receipt of this letter. 请确认收到这封信。 The company failed to acknowledge my email. 公司没有回复我的邮件。
📘 常见表达：
acknowledge receipt of sth → 确认收到某物 acknowledge an order / email / request → 确认收到订单 / 邮件 / 请求
2️⃣ 表示“致谢 / 感谢”（express thanks or appreciation）
to publicly thank or show appreciation for help or contribution
📘 例句：
I would like to acknowledge the support of my family. 我想感谢家人的支持。 The author acknowledged the assistance of several colleagues. 作者感谢了几位同事的帮助。 We gratefully acknowledge your generous donation. 我们衷心感谢您的慷慨捐助。
📘 学术写作常见句式（论文致谢段落）：
I would like to acknowledge the valuable guidance of my supervisor. The authors acknowledge the funding support from the university.
3️⃣ 表示“对……表示注意或回应”
to show that you have noticed or recognized someone or something
📘 例句：
She barely acknowledged him when he entered the room. 他进房间时，她几乎没理他。 The manager acknowledged my contribution with a smile. 经理微笑着认可了我的贡献。
🔹 三、常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
acknowledge the importance / existence / fact / problem
承认某事重要 / 存在
The report acknowledges the importance of education.
acknowledge a mistake / failure / responsibility
承认错误 / 失败 / 责任
He acknowledged his responsibility for the accident.
acknowledge receipt (of sth)
确认收到
Please acknowledge receipt of this invoice.
acknowledge support / contribution / assistance
感谢支持 / 贡献 / 协助
The author acknowledges the contribution of colleagues.
be widely / generally / universally acknowledged
普遍认为
It is widely acknowledged that exercise improves health.
🔹 四、语法与用法要点
项目
内容
动词类型
及物动词 [T]
常用句型
acknowledge + n. / that 从句 / doing sth / sb as sth
常用结构
be acknowledged as… → 被公认为……
语体
正式；常见于书面语、学术、职场、法律语境
时态常用
一般现在时 / 被动语态（be acknowledged as）
📘 例句对比：
She acknowledged that she was wrong. ✅ It is acknowledged that the results were accurate. ✅ She acknowledged him with a nod. ✅
🔹 五、同义词与区别（Synonyms & Nuances）
同义词
含义
区别
admit
承认（带有“错误 / 过失”语气）
He admitted his fault.
accept
接受（事实 / 情况）
She accepted the truth calmly.
recognize
认识到 / 认可（价值、贡献）
The government recognized his efforts.
confess
坦白（多用于过错或罪行）
He confessed to the crime.
appreciate
感谢；感激
I appreciate your help.
📘 对比：
acknowledge → 正式、中性，“承认并给予回应” admit → 语气更个人、更口语，常指“承认错误” recognize → 承认某事价值 / 存在 confess → 坦白、忏悔
🔹 六、派生词与相关表达（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
acknowledgement
n.
承认；感谢；确认
The letter is an acknowledgement of receipt.
acknowledged
adj.
公认的；得到认可的
She is an acknowledged expert in linguistics.
📘 例句：
He received an acknowledgement of his application. She is an acknowledged authority on environmental law.
🔹 七、雅思写作与口语应用（Academic IELTS Use）
📘 Task 2 写作：
Governments must acknowledge the importance of education for national development. It is widely acknowledged that technology has transformed modern communication. The essay acknowledges that both advantages and disadvantages exist. Authorities should acknowledge their responsibility to protect the environment.
📘 Speaking：
“I must acknowledge that learning English is not easy.” “It’s widely acknowledged that teamwork is key to success.” “I would like to acknowledge my teacher’s support.”
📘 Academic Writing（论文致谢句式）：
The authors wish to acknowledge the funding provided by the research council. I gratefully acknowledge the guidance of my supervisor.
🔹 八、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
改正句
❌ He acknowledged to be wrong.
✅ He acknowledged that he was wrong.
❌ I acknowledge your helping.
✅ I acknowledge your help. / I acknowledge that you helped me.
❌ He is acknowledge as a leader.
✅ He is acknowledged as a leader.
🔹 九、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
动词 [T]
核心义
承认；认可；确认收到；表示感谢
语气
正式、书面、学术
常用结构
acknowledge + n. / that 从句 / sb as sth
派生词
acknowledgement (n.)；acknowledged (adj.)
同义词
admit, recognize, accept, appreciate
常用场景
学术写作、商业通信、政策文件、致谢部分
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ It is widely acknowledged that education is the foundation of social progress.
2️⃣ The government acknowledged its failure to respond promptly to the crisis.
3️⃣ I would like to acknowledge the valuable contributions of my colleagues.
4️⃣ Please acknowledge receipt of this document.
5️⃣ She is acknowledged as one of the most talented artists of her generation.
acquaint /əˈkweɪnt/
🔹verb [T]
📘 英式发音：/əˈkweɪnt/ 📘 美式发音：/əˈkweɪnt/
📘 语体：正式 / 学术 / 书面语
📘 词源：源自拉丁语 accognoscere（使知道、认识），与 know（知道）同源。
🔹 一、核心义：使熟悉；使了解
[T] formal to make someone familiar with or aware of something
📘 中文释义：
使了解；使熟悉；使知道 （即“让某人对某事物有知识或认识”）
📘 例句：
The purpose of the training is to acquaint new employees with company policies. 培训的目的是让新员工熟悉公司政策。 Students should be acquainted with the basic principles of economics. 学生应熟悉经济学的基本原理。 He quickly acquainted himself with the local culture. 他很快熟悉了当地文化。 I need to acquaint myself with the new regulations. 我需要了解新的规定。
📘 结构规律：
acquaint sb with sth
acquaint yourself with sth（反身用法，最常见）
🔹 二、常见用法结构（Grammatical Patterns）
结构
含义
示例
acquaint sb with sth
使某人熟悉某事
Please acquaint the staff with the new safety rules.
acquaint yourself with sth
熟悉 / 了解（自我学习）
You should acquaint yourself with the law before signing the contract.
be acquainted with sth / sb
（被动）对……熟悉 / 与……认识
I am well acquainted with this software. / I am acquainted with your brother.
📘 特别注意：
动词 acquaint 几乎总是和 with 连用。
例如：❌ acquaint sb to sth → ✅ acquaint sb with sth
🔹 三、常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
acquaint sb with new regulations / procedures / methods
使某人熟悉新规定 / 程序 / 方法
Managers must acquaint workers with safety procedures.
acquaint yourself with the facts / situation / environment
熟悉事实 / 情况 / 环境
Before making a decision, acquaint yourself with all the facts.
be acquainted with sb
认识某人（正式）
I’m acquainted with the director of that company.
be acquainted with sth
熟悉某事
She’s already acquainted with the process.
🔹 四、语法与用法要点
项目
内容
动词类型
及物动词 [T]（几乎总接 with）
常见语法结构
acquaint sb with sth / acquaint yourself with sth
常见时态
一般现在时、被动语态
语气
正式、礼貌、学术
典型主语
people in authority（上级）、teachers、institutions、official documents
📘 例句对比：
You should acquaint yourself with the rules before you start working. ✅ Please acquaint all staff with the safety procedures. ✅ He is acquainted with several senior officials. ✅
🔹 五、同义词与区别（Synonyms & Nuances）
同义词
含义
区别
inform sb of sth
通知（提供信息）
inform 强调“告诉”
familiarize sb with sth
使熟悉（非常接近）
比 acquaint 稍口语、常用于教学
introduce sb to sth
介绍、引入
常指初次接触新事物
educate sb about sth
教育、让某人了解
常用于社会、政策、健康类话题
enlighten sb on sth
启发、使明白（正式）
更文学或哲学语气
📘 对比示例：
acquaint sb with sth → 正式中性 “让某人熟悉” inform sb of sth → 直接“告知” familiarize sb with sth → 实际操作上“练熟” introduce sb to sth → 第一次接触新概念
🔹 六、派生词与相关表达（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
acquaintance
n.
熟人；相识；了解
I made many new acquaintances at the conference.
acquainted
adj.
熟悉的；认识的
I am well acquainted with this topic.
📘 例句：
He is an old acquaintance of mine. 他是我的一位老相识。 I’m already acquainted with the main ideas of the book. 我已经熟悉这本书的主要思想。
🔹 七、雅思写作与口语应用（Academic IELTS Use）
📘 Task 2 写作：
Governments should acquaint citizens with their legal rights and responsibilities. It is important for students to acquaint themselves with the latest technological developments. Teachers should acquaint learners with different cultural perspectives. Before starting the project, all members must acquaint themselves with the objectives.
📘 Speaking（Part 2 / 3）
“Before moving abroad, I acquainted myself with the local customs.” “My teacher acquainted us with various ways of improving pronunciation.” “I’m not very acquainted with that topic, but I can share my opinion.”
📘 Academic Writing（论文 / 报告）
The study aims to acquaint readers with recent developments in AI research. Students were acquainted with statistical methods before the experiment.
🔹 八、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
改正句
❌ He acquainted me to the rules.
✅ He acquainted me with the rules.
❌ I’m acquaint with him.
✅ I’m acquainted with him.
❌ She acquainted about the policy.
✅ She was acquainted with the policy.
❌ Acquaint yourself to the environment.
✅ Acquaint yourself with the environment.
🔹 九、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
动词 [T]（正式）
核心义
使熟悉；使了解；告知
常用结构
acquaint sb with sth / acquaint yourself with sth
常用搭配
acquaint staff with new rules / acquaint yourself with the facts
派生词
acquaintance (n.)，acquainted (adj.)
语域
正式、学术、职场、公文
同义词
familiarize, inform, introduce, educate
反义词
confuse, ignore, neglect
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ Citizens should acquaint themselves with their legal responsibilities.
2️⃣ The workshop aims to acquaint students with advanced research techniques.
3️⃣ He quickly acquainted himself with the local customs after moving abroad.
4️⃣ I’m already acquainted with the main findings of the report.
5️⃣ The university offers programs to acquaint international students with campus life.
acquire /əˈkwaɪə(r)/
🔹 verb [T]
📘 英式发音：/əˈkwaɪə/ 📘 美式发音：/əˈkwaɪər/
📘 语体：正式 / 学术 / 商业
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 acquirere（= ad + quaerere，“去寻求、获得”），与 query、question 同根。
🔹 一、核心含义：获得；取得；学到
to gain something by your own efforts, ability, or behaviour
📘 中文释义：
获得；取得（尤其指知识、技能、金钱、名声等） 购得；收购（商业用语） 学到；掌握（语言、能力、知识）
📘 例句：
She has acquired a good knowledge of English. 她已经掌握了良好的英语知识。 He acquired great wealth after founding the company. 他创办公司后获得了巨额财富。 The company has recently acquired several smaller firms. 该公司最近收购了几家小公司。 Through experience, you gradually acquire wisdom. 通过经验，你会逐渐获得智慧。 The child acquired language naturally from her surroundings. 这个孩子自然而然地习得了语言。
🔹 二、主要用法（Meanings & Uses）
用法类型
含义
示例
1. 知识/技能
通过学习、经验“学会、掌握”
Students must acquire academic writing skills.
2. 财产/名声
“获得”财富、名声、地位
He acquired fame as a scientist.
3. 公司/资产
“收购”企业或资源（商务）
Microsoft acquired LinkedIn in 2016.
4. 自然习得（语言）
“习得”语言、行为模式（语言学术语）
Children acquire their first language intuitively.
🔹 三、语法与结构（Grammar & Syntax）
结构
示例
说明
acquire sth
He acquired new skills quickly.
最常见
be acquired by sb
The company was acquired by a larger competitor.
被动语态常见于商业领域
acquire the habit of doing sth
She acquired the habit of reading before bed.
固定搭配
📘 常用于正式书面语，尤其是：
business writing academic reports scientific discussion IELTS Task 2 essays
🔹 四、常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
acquire knowledge / skills / information
获取知识 / 技能 / 信息
Students must acquire critical thinking skills.
acquire experience / confidence / ability
获得经验 / 信心 / 能力
He acquired valuable experience during the internship.
acquire a taste for sth
开始喜欢上（原本不喜欢的事物）
I’ve acquired a taste for classical music.
acquire wealth / property / assets
获取财富 / 财产 / 资产
The company acquired significant real estate holdings.
acquire a company / business
收购公司
Google acquired several startups last year.
acquire data / evidence / understanding
获取数据 / 证据 / 理解
Scientists acquired new data from the satellite.
🔹 五、词形变化（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
acquisition
n.
获得；收购；习得
The acquisition of language begins at an early age.
acquisitive
adj.
贪得无厌的；渴求的
Modern society is often described as acquisitive.
acquirer
n.
收购者；购买者
The acquirer took over all company assets.
📘 派生词常见搭配：
language acquisition → 语言习得（语言学术语） knowledge acquisition → 知识获取 mergers and acquisitions (M&A) → 并购
🔹 六、同义词与区别（Synonyms & Usage Differences）
同义词
含义
区别
gain
获得（广义）
较口语化，可用于成绩、支持、认可
obtain
正式“得到”
强调通过努力获得具体结果
attain
达到（目标/水平）
通常用于抽象事物，如 success, perfection
learn
学到
强调“学习过程”，acquire 强调“结果”
get
口语化
不用于学术场合
purchase
购买
特指买卖行为，不含抽象意义
📘 对比示例：
Children learn grammar rules in school, but they acquire language naturally. ✅ He obtained permission to study abroad. She attained her goal of becoming a lawyer.
🔹 七、雅思写作高分用法（IELTS Academic Use）
📘 Task 2（学术议论文）
Students should be encouraged to acquire practical skills alongside theoretical knowledge. It is essential for employees to acquire new competencies in the digital age. Governments can help citizens acquire better education through public funding. Language acquisition plays a crucial role in early childhood development. With globalization, individuals must acquire cross-cultural communication abilities.
📘 Task 1（数据描述）
The number of people acquiring higher education qualifications increased significantly between 2000 and 2020.
📘 Speaking（Part 3）
“I think people acquire most of their knowledge through experience rather than formal education.” “I’m trying to acquire better communication skills.”
🔹 八、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
改正句
❌ He acquired to speak English.
✅ He acquired the ability to speak English.
❌ I acquired about this yesterday.
✅ I found out / learned about this yesterday.
❌ She acquired him to help.
✅ She asked him to help.（acquire 不表示“请求”）
❌ He was acquired of a new job.
✅ He acquired a new job.（不加 of）
🔹 九、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
动词 [T]
核心义
获得；学到；收购
常见搭配
acquire knowledge / skills / company / property
名词形式
acquisition（获得；收购）
形容词形式
acquisitive（贪得无厌的）
语域
正式、学术、商业
同义词
gain, obtain, attain, learn
反义词
lose, give up, relinquish
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ Children naturally acquire their first language without formal instruction.
2️⃣ In the digital era, employees must constantly acquire new technological skills.
3️⃣ He acquired extensive experience during his time abroad.
4️⃣ The acquisition of knowledge should be a lifelong process.
5️⃣ The multinational corporation acquired several local businesses to expand its market share.
❄🌸Snow Cherry Blossom🌸❄ 