adapt /əˈdæpt/
📘 词性：动词 verb
📘 核心义：使适应；改编；调整；适应环境
📘 语域：正式 / 学术 / 常用动词
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 adaptare（= “to make fit” → “使合适、使适应”）
🔹 一、基本释义（Oxford 定义）
1️⃣ （使）适应；（使）适合
to change your behaviour or ideas to deal with a new situation successfully
📘 中文释义：（使）适应，（使）适合新环境或新情况
📘 例句：
It takes time to adapt to living in a foreign country. 适应在国外生活需要时间。 The company had to adapt quickly to changing market conditions. 公司必须迅速适应不断变化的市场环境。 People can easily adapt themselves to new technologies. 人们能轻易适应新技术。
📘 语法结构：
adapt (to sth) → “适应某事” adapt yourself (to sth) → “让自己适应某事”
📘 雅思写作高分句式：
Young people should learn to adapt to the rapidly changing job market. Society must adapt to technological innovations to remain competitive. Immigrants often need time to adapt to a new culture and lifestyle.
2️⃣ 改编；改造；调整（以适应新情况或用途）
to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation
📘 **中文释义：**改编，改造，使适用于新的用途或环境
📘 例句：
The novel was adapted for the screen. 这部小说被改编成了电影。 The car has been adapted for disabled drivers. 这辆汽车被改装以适合残疾驾驶者使用。 The education system must be adapted to modern needs. 教育体系必须根据现代需求进行调整。
📘 语法结构：
adapt sth (for/to sth) → “为……改编 / 调整” be adapted for → “被改造为”
📘 雅思写作例句：
The education system should be adapted to meet the needs of modern society. Books are often adapted into films to reach a wider audience. Traditional industries must adapt their methods to remain relevant.
🔹 二、语法与句式（Grammar Patterns）
结构
示例
含义
adapt to + noun/gerund
He adapted to the new environment.
适应
adapt yourself to + sth
She adapted herself to local customs.
让自己适应
adapt sth for + purpose
The story was adapted for children.
改编成……
adapt sth to + situation
They adapted the plan to new conditions.
调整以适应……
🔹 三、常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
adapt to change / environment / conditions
适应变化 / 环境 / 条件
Animals adapt to their surroundings.
adapt behaviour / strategy / plan
调整行为 / 策略 / 计划
Businesses must adapt their strategy.
adapt for the screen / stage
改编成电影 / 舞台剧
The book was adapted for the stage.
adapt system / policy / technology
调整制度 / 政策 / 技术
The government adapted the policy.
🔹 四、同义词与区分（Synonyms & Differences）
词
含义
区别
adjust
调整，略作修改
更偏向微调、细节改变
modify
修改，局部改变
偏技术或正式用语
accommodate
迁就，使适应
常指“人”之间的适应
conform (to)
符合，遵守
常含“顺从规则”含义
📘 对比例句：
We must adapt to climate change.（主动改变以适应） The device can be adjusted easily.（小幅调整） People should conform to social norms.（遵守规则）
🔹 五、派生词（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
adaptation
n.
适应；改编；改编作品
The film is an adaptation of a novel.
adaptive
adj.
适应性的
Humans are highly adaptive creatures.
adaptable
adj.
能适应的；有适应能力的
Children are usually very adaptable.
adapter
n.
转换器；适配器
You need an adapter for that plug.
📘 派生例句：
Successful employees are adaptable to change. The adaptation of the book became a bestseller. The new software is adaptive to user preferences.
🔹 六、雅思写作 / 口语常用表达
📘 Writing Task 2 常考主题
Education: “Students should be trained to adapt to different learning environments.” Environment: “Humans must adapt their lifestyles to reduce carbon emissions.” Technology: “Society should adapt to the rise of automation.”
📘 Speaking 常用句式：
“It took me a few months to adapt to the new culture.” “Children adapt quickly to changes in their surroundings.” “I think people should learn to adapt instead of resisting change.”
🔹 七、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
正确句
说明
❌ He adapted with the environment.
✅ He adapted to the environment.
adapt 后接 to
❌ The film was adapted to a novel.
✅ The film was adapted from a novel.
改编来源用 from
❌ We should adapt change.
✅ We should adapt to change.
适应用 “adapt to”
🔹 八、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
单词
adapt
音标
/əˈdæpt/
词性
动词
核心义
使适应；改编；调整
主要结构
adapt to sth / adapt sth for sth
常见搭配
adapt to change, adapt for the screen, adapt behaviour
派生词
adaptation, adaptable, adaptive, adapter
同义词
adjust, modify, accommodate
常见错误
❌adapt with → ✅adapt to
语域
正式 / 学术 / 常用
🌟 雅思高分例句精选：
1️⃣ People must adapt to technological advances in order to stay relevant.
2️⃣ The education system should be adapted to meet modern challenges.
3️⃣ It can be difficult for immigrants to adapt to new cultural environments.
4️⃣ The novel was successfully adapted for television.
5️⃣ Children are naturally adaptable and learn to adjust quickly.
🟩 add /æd/
verb [T] (added, adding)
📘 词性：动词
📘 核心义：添加；增加；补充；相加
📘 语域：常用 / 学术 / 数学 / 日常
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 addere（ad = to + dare = give → “给上去、增加”）
🔹 一、基本释义（Oxford 定义）
1️⃣ 添加；增加
to put something together with something else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc.
📘 中文释义： 添加；增加（数量、内容、数量）
📘 例句：
If you add sugar, the sauce will taste better. 如果加点糖，酱汁会更好吃。 Add some salt to the soup before serving. 上菜前给汤加点盐。 The new wing was added to the building in 2010. 这座楼的附楼建于2010年。
📘 结构：
add sth to sth → 把……加到……中 > She added milk to the coffee. add (up) to sth → 总计；导致 > Small savings can add up to a big amount.
📘 雅思例句：
The new policy will add pressure to the healthcare system. Adding renewable energy sources could add up to significant benefits for the environment.
2️⃣ 补充说；继续说
to say something more
📘 例句：
“I’ll be late,” she added. “我会晚点到。”她补充说。 He added that he was sorry for the delay. 他补充说，他为延误感到抱歉。
📘 雅思写作用法：
The report adds that climate change will have global effects.
3️⃣ （数学）相加
to put numbers together to get a total
📘 例句：
Add 5 to 7 to get 12. 5加7得12。 Add up the figures carefully. 把这些数字仔细加起来。
🔹 二、常用搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
add value to
增加价值
Education adds value to human capital.
add pressure/stress
增添压力
The new rule adds pressure to students.
add information/details
补充信息
He added more details to the story.
add fuel to the fire
火上浇油（习语）
His remarks only added fuel to the fire.
🔹 三、派生词（Word Family）
派生词
词性
中文释义
学术示例
addition
n.
增加；附加物；加法
In addition, new data were collected.
additional
adj.
额外的；附加的
Additional information is required.
additive
n./adj.
添加剂；添加的
The product contains no artificial additives.
add up (to)
phr.v.
总计；加起来等于
These costs add up to a large sum.
🟦 addition /əˈdɪʃn/
noun [C, U]
1️⃣ 增加；添加
the act of adding something; something that is added
📘 例句：
The latest model is a welcome addition to the range. 这一最新型号是该系列的可喜补充。 The addition of a new library improved the campus environment. 新图书馆的建成改善了校园环境。
📘 常用搭配：
in addition (to) (= also; besides) 此外；除……之外 > In addition to English, she speaks French and German.
📘 雅思写作句式：
In addition, the government should invest more in education. The addition of renewable energy sources can reduce emissions.
2️⃣ （数学）加法
the process of adding numbers together
📘 例句：
Children learn addition and subtraction at school. 孩子们在学校学习加减法。
🟨 additional /əˈdɪʃənl/
adjective
more than was first mentioned or is usual
📘 中文释义： 额外的；附加的；补充的
📘 例句：
Additional funding is needed for the project. 该项目需要额外资金。 The company provided additional training for employees. 公司为员工提供了额外培训。
📘 同义词： extra / supplementary / further
📘 雅思写作句式：
Additional measures should be taken to protect endangered species. Students often require additional support in learning a new language.
🟥 additive /ˈædɪtɪv/
noun [C] / adj.
1️⃣ （名词）添加剂
a substance that is added to something in small amounts to improve it or preserve it
📘 例句：
Food additives are used to improve flavour or shelf life. 食品添加剂用于改善口味或延长保质期。 The fuel contains an anti-corrosion additive. 这种燃料含有防腐添加剂。
📘 学术搭配：
chemical / artificial additives food additives and preservatives
2️⃣ （形容词）添加的；附加的
relating to or involving an addition
📘 例句：
The additive effects of pollution and stress can harm health. 污染与压力的叠加效应会危害健康。
🧩 词族总结表（Word Family Summary）
单词
词性
中文释义
常见结构 / 短语
雅思例句
add
v.
添加；相加；补充
add A to B；add up to
Add salt to the soup.
addition
n.
增加；加法
in addition (to)
In addition, more research is needed.
additional
adj.
额外的；附加的
additional information/funding
Additional funds are required.
additive
n./adj.
添加剂；添加的
food additives; additive effect
Artificial additives should be limited.
🌟 雅思高分表达精选
✅ In addition (to) → “此外 / 除……之外”
In addition to improving healthcare, governments should focus on education.
✅ Add up to → “总计达；导致”
These small actions can add up to a big difference.
✅ Additional → “额外的（用于正式文体）”
Additional data are needed to verify the hypothesis.
✅ Additive → “化学添加剂（科技类话题）”
Reducing chemical additives in food production is essential for health.
🟩 address /əˈdres/
📘 词性：noun & verb
📘 词源：来自古法语 adresser = “to direct towards” → “指向、应对、处理”
🟦 Ⅰ. as a verb [T]
1️⃣ 处理；设法解决（问题）
to think about a problem or a situation and decide how to deal with it
📘 中文释义： 处理；应对；解决（问题或议题）
📘 例句：
The government must address the issue of climate change urgently. 政府必须紧急应对气候变化问题。 The report addresses the need for more affordable housing. 报告探讨了增加可负担住房的必要性。 New policies are required to address social inequality. 需要新政策来解决社会不平等问题。
📘 雅思写作高分用法：
Governments should take measures to address the problem of youth unemployment. Effective solutions are needed to address environmental challenges. This essay will address two key questions: causes and effects.
📘 同义词（Synonyms）：
deal with tackle handle confront （区别：address 更正式、学术性更强；常用于政策、论文、研究语境）
2️⃣ 向……讲话；致辞；演说
to make a formal speech to a group of people
📘 中文释义： 向……发表讲话；致辞
📘 例句：
The President addressed the nation on television. 总统在电视上向全国发表讲话。 She was invited to address the conference on global health. 她受邀在全球健康会议上发表演讲。
📘 常见搭配：
address an audience / a meeting / a crowd / a conference
📘 雅思写作例句：
Experts were invited to address the conference about sustainable development.
3️⃣ 称呼（某人）；把注意力转向
to say something to someone directly or to use a particular name or title when speaking or writing to them
📘 中文释义： 称呼；向……说话
📘 例句：
The teacher addressed the student by name. 老师直呼学生的名字。 Please address your remarks to the chairperson. 请把你的发言针对主席。
📘 搭配：
address sb as “称呼某人为” > He was addressed as “Doctor Lee”.
4️⃣ 在信封上写地址
to write a name and address on an envelope or package
📘 例句：
The letter was wrongly addressed to me. 这封信寄错了，地址写成我的名字。
📘 搭配：
address an envelope / a letter / a package
🟥 Ⅱ. as a noun [C]
1️⃣ 地址；住址
the details of where somebody lives or works and where letters can be sent
📘 中文释义： 地址；住址；通信地址
📘 例句：
Please write your name and address clearly. 请把姓名和地址写清楚。 What’s your home address? 你的住址是什么？
📘 搭配：
postal / email / permanent / temporary address
2️⃣ 演讲；致辞；讲话
a formal speech that is made to an audience
📘 例句：
The Prime Minister delivered an address on national security. 首相发表了关于国家安全的讲话。 The ceremony began with a welcome address. 仪式以欢迎辞开始。
📘 搭配：
give / deliver / make an address
3️⃣ 称呼；称谓方式
the correct title or name to use when speaking or writing to someone
📘 例句：
Forms of address differ between cultures. 不同文化中的称呼方式不同。
🧩 派生词（Word Family）
词形
词性
中文释义
示例
addressed
adj.
指定收件人的
an addressed envelope
addressee
n.
收件人
The addressee was not at home.
addressable
adj.
可处理的；可寻址的
an addressable problem / memory
📘 常见短语（Phrases & Collocations）
短语
含义
示例
address a problem / issue / concern
处理问题
The plan aims to address unemployment.
address the needs of…
满足……的需求
The policy addresses the needs of low-income families.
address the audience
向听众讲话
She addressed the crowd confidently.
form of address
称呼方式
“Mr.” and “Ms.” are forms of address.
give an address
发表讲话
The professor gave an address on ethics.
🧠 同义词辨析（IELTS Writing Synonyms）
词汇
含义
语气
示例
address
正式地处理问题
学术、正式
Governments must address global warming.
tackle
积极解决困难问题
较口语
We must tackle unemployment directly.
deal with
处理某事
中性
The company will deal with complaints.
resolve
解决争议或冲突
正式
The UN aims to resolve the conflict.
🌟 雅思写作高分句型示例
1️⃣ Governments should take effective measures to address environmental degradation.
政府应采取有效措施应对环境恶化。
2️⃣ This essay will address the question of whether technology improves human life.
本文将探讨科技是否改善了人类生活。
3️⃣ Education policies must address the needs of disadvantaged students.
教育政策必须满足弱势学生的需求。
4️⃣ In his opening address, the speaker emphasized global cooperation.
在开幕致辞中，演讲者强调了全球合作。
🧾 词族总结表（Word Family Summary）
单词
词性
中文释义
常见搭配 / 用法
address
v.
处理；解决；致辞；称呼；写地址
address a problem / address the audience
address
n.
地址；讲话；称谓方式
home address / welcome address
addressee
n.
收件人
name of the addressee
addressable
adj.
可处理的；可寻址的
addressable issue
🧩 总结（Summary）
项目
内容
音标
/əˈdres/
核心义
处理问题；致辞；称呼；地址
语域
正式 / 学术 / 政治 / 日常
常考搭配（雅思）
address a problem / address an issue / in his address / address the audience
写作替换词
deal with, tackle, resolve, confront
高分表达
effectively address; urgently address; directly address
🟩 adequate /ˈædɪkwət/
📘 词性：形容词 (adj.)
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 adaequatus（= “made equal to” → “相称的；足够的”）
🔹 一、基本释义（Oxford 定义）
1️⃣ 足够的；充足的；合乎需要的
enough in quantity or good enough in quality for a particular purpose or need
📘 中文释义： 足够的；适当的；令人满意的
📘 例句：
The supply of food was adequate for everyone’s needs. 食物的供应足以满足每个人的需要。 The existing laws are not adequate to deal with the problem. 现行法律不足以应对这个问题。 Make sure the lighting is adequate for reading. 确保照明足够阅读。
📘 语法搭配：
adequate for sth / to do sth → 对……足够的 > The training was adequate for the job. > This room is not adequate to accommodate 50 people.
📘 常见表达：
adequate resources / facilities / funding / support / measures an adequate explanation / response / level
📘 雅思写作例句：
The government has failed to provide adequate healthcare facilities in rural areas. Adequate measures must be taken to address environmental degradation. Students cannot perform well without adequate support from teachers.
📘 同义词（Synonyms）：
sufficient（中性，数量上足够） enough（通用） satisfactory（质量上令人满意） suitable（适合特定目的）
2️⃣ 勉强够的；仅仅足够的（含不满语气）
barely enough; acceptable but not better than that
📘 中文释义： 勉强够用；差强人意
📘 例句：
The service was adequate, but nothing special. 服务尚可，但谈不上出色。 His performance was adequate though not outstanding. 他的表现还可以，但不算突出。
📘 雅思写作替换表达：
Although the facilities are adequate, they are far from ideal. Current measures are barely adequate to address the issue.
🔹 二、常用搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
adequate resources
足够的资源
The project lacks adequate resources.
adequate funding
足够的资金
Governments must ensure adequate funding for education.
adequate support
足够的支持
Students need adequate support from teachers.
adequate housing
适当住房
Many people still lack adequate housing.
adequate protection
充分的保护
Wildlife needs adequate protection.
adequate preparation
充分准备
Success requires adequate preparation.
🔹 三、常见短语与结构（Phrases & Patterns）
短语
含义
示例
adequate for
对……足够
The room is adequate for our meeting.
adequate to do sth
足够去做某事
The funds are not adequate to cover the costs.
adequate level/amount/degree
适当的程度
An adequate level of care must be maintained.
barely adequate / hardly adequate
勉强够用
The income is barely adequate to survive.
🔹 四、反义词（Antonyms）
反义词
含义
示例
inadequate
不充分的；不足的
The facilities are inadequate for disabled people.
insufficient
不足的（数量）
There is insufficient evidence to support the claim.
deficient
有缺陷的；缺乏的
The system is deficient in transparency.
📘 对比例句：
Adequate measures were taken. ✅ Inadequate support led to failure. ❌
🔹 五、派生词（Word Family）
单词
词性
中文释义
示例
adequately
adv.
充分地；适当地
The task was adequately completed.
adequacy
n.
充足；恰当
The adequacy of resources is questionable.
inadequate
adj.
不足的
Many rural schools have inadequate facilities.
inadequacy
n.
不充分；缺陷
The report highlights the inadequacy of current policies.
📘 雅思写作例句：
The adequacy of financial support should be carefully assessed. Many developing countries still suffer from inadequate healthcare systems.
🔹 六、学术写作高分用法（IELTS & Academic English）
📘 Task 2 范例表达：
✅ 句型 1：表达资源充足或不足
Governments should provide adequate resources to improve public education. The funding available is barely adequate to maintain operations.
✅ 句型 2：引出问题与解决
The lack of adequate healthcare services remains a major concern. To achieve sustainable growth, adequate investment in infrastructure is essential.
✅ 句型 3：学术比较表达
While the response was adequate, further action is required to ensure success.
🧩 词族总结表（Word Family Summary）
单词
词性
中文释义
常见搭配 / 用法
adequate
adj.
足够的；适当的
adequate resources / adequate preparation
inadequate
adj.
不足的；不适当的
inadequate funding / inadequate response
adequately
adv.
充分地；适当地
adequately equipped / adequately supported
adequacy
n.
充足；恰当
adequacy of support / adequacy of protection
🌟 雅思高分替换词汇
表达
含义
语气 / 适用场景
sufficient
数量上足够
neutral，常用于统计或数据类
ample
充裕的
正面、强调“绰绰有余”
appropriate
适当的
正式、用于政策与措施
satisfactory
令人满意的
强调质量够好但不完美
inadequate
不足的
负面，用于批评性表达
📘 对比例句：
The resources are adequate for the current project. The resources are ample for expansion. The resources are inadequate for long-term growth.
🧠 常见雅思错误与纠正
错误句
正确句
说明
❌ The government provided adequacy funds.
✅ The government provided adequate funds.
adequate 是形容词，不是名词。
❌ The measures are not adequated.
✅ The measures are not adequate.
没有 “adequated” 这个词。
❌ It is adequacy for our needs.
✅ It is adequate for our needs.
用 for 引导对象。
🧾 总结（Summary）
项目
内容
音标
/ˈædɪkwət/
词性
形容词
核心义
足够的；适当的；令人满意的
反义词
inadequate, insufficient, deficient
常见搭配
adequate resources / funding / support / measures
派生词
adequately, adequacy, inadequate, inadequacy
语域
正式、学术（常用于报告、政策、论文）
🏆 雅思写作高分句型（可直接套用）
1️⃣ Adequate measures must be implemented to tackle this issue effectively.
2️⃣ Many countries fail to provide adequate housing for low-income families.
3️⃣ The adequacy of public funding remains a controversial topic.
4️⃣ Without adequate preparation, students may struggle academically.
5️⃣ The current system is clearly inadequate to meet growing demands.
🟩 adhere /ədˈhɪə(r)/
📘 词性：动词 vi.（不及物动词）
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 adhaerēre = ad-（to）+ haerēre（stick, cling） → “黏着、坚持”
🔹 一、基本释义（Oxford 定义）
1️⃣ 黏附；附着（stick firmly to a surface）
to stick firmly to something
📘 中文释义： 黏附；附着
📘 例句：
Clean the surface first so that the paint will adhere properly. 先清洁表面，以便油漆能牢固地附着上去。 The label will not adhere if the surface is greasy. 如果表面有油，标签就贴不牢。
📘 常见搭配：
adhere to the surface 黏附在表面上 adhere firmly / tightly 紧密附着
2️⃣ 遵守；坚持（规则、信仰、计划等）
to behave according to a particular law, rule, or set of beliefs
📘 中文释义： 坚持；遵守（法律、原则、规定等）
📘 例句：
All members must adhere to the club rules. 所有成员必须遵守俱乐部规定。 We should adhere to the highest ethical standards. 我们应坚持最高的道德标准。 Employees are expected to adhere to company policies. 员工应遵守公司制度。
📘 语法搭配：
adhere to sth → “坚持 / 遵守 / 忠于某事”
✅ 固定搭配，不可省略 to。
📘 常见搭配：
adhere to the rules / law / standards / principles / policy adhere strictly to 严格遵守 adhere firmly to 坚定地坚持
3️⃣ 忠于；支持（理念或信仰）
to support or follow a particular set of ideas or beliefs
📘 中文释义： 忠于（某信仰、哲学或政党）
📘 例句：
They adhere to the philosophy of non-violence. 他们奉行非暴力的理念。 The organization adheres to democratic principles. 该组织坚持民主原则。
🔹 二、常用搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
adhere to rules/regulations/laws
遵守规则/法律
Everyone must adhere to the new safety regulations.
adhere to principles/standards
坚持原则
The government should adhere to international standards.
adhere strictly/closely to
严格遵守
Researchers must adhere strictly to ethical guidelines.
adhere firmly to
坚定地坚持
She adhered firmly to her beliefs.
adhere to deadlines
按时完成
Students are required to adhere to all deadlines.
🔹 三、派生词（Word Family）
单词
词性
中文释义
示例
adherence
n.
遵守；坚持；信守
The school demands strict adherence to the dress code.
adherent
n.
信徒；追随者
He is a devoted adherent of Buddhism.
adhesive
adj./n.
黏性的；黏合剂
Use a strong adhesive to fix the tiles.
📘 区分：
adhere to → “遵守” adherence → “遵守（名词）” adherent → “信徒、支持者” adhesive → “黏合的 / 黏合剂”
🔹 四、反义词（Antonyms）
反义词
含义
示例
violate
违反
He violated the agreement.
ignore
忽视，不遵守
Some companies ignore safety regulations.
deviate (from)
偏离
The policy deviates from democratic principles.
🔹 五、雅思 & 学术写作用法（IELTS Academic Usage）
📘 常用于：Task 2 正文段论证 + 报告类作文中
✅ 表达“遵守规则/原则”：
Governments must adhere to international environmental agreements. Academic writers are expected to adhere to strict referencing standards.
✅ 表达“坚持理念/政策”：
Successful leaders adhere to their core values even under pressure. The policy adheres to the principles of equality and fairness.
✅ 表达“遵守程序/道德标准”：
Researchers must adhere to ethical guidelines in conducting experiments.
📘 替换高频动词：
常用表达
雅思高级替换
follow the rules
adhere to the rules ✅
keep the principles
adhere to principles ✅
obey the law
adhere to the law ✅
🔹 六、学术搭配精选（Academic Collocations）
名词
常见搭配
示例
adhere to policy
遵守政策
Companies should adhere to policy guidelines.
adhere to standards
符合标准
All equipment must adhere to safety standards.
adhere to principles
坚持原则
Nations must adhere to international law.
adhere to code of conduct
遵守行为准则
Employees must adhere to the code of conduct.
adhere to timetable/deadline
遵守时间表
Students must adhere to the deadline.
🔹 七、常见雅思错误与纠正
错误句
正确句
说明
❌ We should adhere rules.
✅ We should adhere to rules.
必须加 to。
❌ He adhered his belief.
✅ He adhered to his belief.
同上。
❌ The glue is adhere.
✅ The glue adheres well.
动词需加 -s，主谓一致。
🔹 八、词族比较（Word Family Summary）
单词
词性
含义
示例
adhere
v.
黏附；遵守
All members must adhere to the policy.
adherence
n.
遵守；信守
Strict adherence to rules is essential.
adherent
n.
信徒；拥护者
He is a loyal adherent of that ideology.
adhesive
adj./n.
黏性的；黏合剂
Use an adhesive to fix the wallpaper.
🔹 九、同义表达（Synonyms）
同义表达
语气
示例
comply with
法律/规定（正式）
All companies must comply with safety laws.
conform to
社会规范/标准
Students should conform to school regulations.
follow
中性、日常
We should follow the rules.
abide by
法律、规则（正式）
Everyone must abide by the law.
📘 区别总结：
adhere to → 强调“坚定地遵守、忠于” comply with → 强调“依法遵守” conform to → 强调“符合标准” abide by → 强调“服从规则”
🏆 雅思写作高分例句（C1-C2级）
1️⃣ Governments should adhere to international human rights conventions to maintain global credibility.
各国政府应遵守国际人权公约以维护国际信誉。
2️⃣ All researchers must adhere strictly to ethical standards during experimentation.
所有研究人员在实验过程中必须严格遵守伦理标准。
3️⃣ The company has consistently adhered to its sustainability principles.
该公司始终坚持可持续发展的原则。
4️⃣ Successful democracies adhere to the rule of law and equality before the law.
成功的民主制度都遵守法治与法律面前人人平等的原则。
5️⃣ Paint will not adhere to a wet surface.
油漆无法附着在潮湿的表面上。
🧾 总结表（Summary）
项目
内容
音标
/ədˈhɪə(r)/
词性
动词 (vi.)
核心义
黏附；遵守；坚持（规则、信念）
固定搭配
adhere to rules / principles / standards
名词形式
adherence
相关名词
adherent（信徒）
同义词
comply with, conform to, abide by
反义词
violate, ignore, deviate from
语域
正式、学术性强
🟩 adjacent /əˈdʒeɪsnt/
📘 词性：形容词 (adj.)
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 adjacēre（ad- “靠近” + jacēre “躺”）→ “躺在旁边的” → “邻近的”
🔹 一、基本释义（Oxford 定义）
1️⃣ 毗邻的；邻近的；相邻的
next to or near something
📘 中文释义：
靠近的；毗邻的；相邻的
📘 例句：
Our farm land was adjacent to the river. 我们的农田紧靠着河流。 The two buildings are adjacent to each other. 这两座建筑物彼此相邻。 The park is adjacent to the university campus. 公园紧邻大学校园。
📘 语法搭配：
adjacent to + 名词 → “紧邻……”
✅ 固定介词是 to，不可用 with / near 替换。
📘 雅思地图题常用句：
A new parking area was built adjacent to the shopping centre. The playground is located adjacent to the main road.
2️⃣ （抽象意义）与……接近的；相关的
used figuratively to mean “closely related or connected”
📘 中文释义： （思想、时间、领域等）接近的、相关的
📘 例句：
Their ideas are adjacent to those of modern liberalism. 他们的观点接近现代自由主义思想。 Topics adjacent to economics include sociology and political science. 与经济学相邻的学科包括社会学和政治学。
🔹 二、常用搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
adjacent to
与……相邻
The library is adjacent to the main hall.
adjacent buildings / rooms / areas / properties
相邻建筑/房间/区域
The adjacent buildings share a common wall.
adjacent land / fields / houses
毗邻的土地/田地/房屋
They own adjacent land in the countryside.
closely adjacent
紧密相邻的
The rooms are closely adjacent.
adjacent angle / cell / segment
相邻角 / 单元 / 段
In geometry, an adjacent angle shares a common vertex.
🔹 三、派生词（Word Family）
单词
词性
中文释义
示例
adjacency
n.
邻近；毗连
The adjacency of the two lakes affects local climate.
adjacently
adv.
相邻地；邻接地
The two houses are built adjacently.
📘 常见表达：
adjacency matrix（数学/计算机）邻接矩阵 adjacent cell（生物/表格）相邻细胞/格 adjacent countries（地理）邻国
🔹 四、反义词（Antonyms）
反义词
含义
示例
distant
遥远的
The village is distant from the city.
remote
偏远的
They live in a remote mountain area.
separate
分离的，不相邻的
The rooms are separate, not adjacent.
🔹 五、同义词对比（Synonym Comparison）
词汇
含义
语气 / 用法
示例
adjacent to
紧邻，直接相接
正式、学术常用
The park is adjacent to the school.
next to
在旁边
口语 / 非正式
My house is next to a café.
near / close to
附近
表“靠近但不相连”
The hotel is close to the beach.
adjoining
紧挨着，共墙
强调“共享边界”
They stayed in adjoining rooms.
📘 区别举例：
adjacent to → 地理上或空间上紧邻（更正式） adjoining → 两者物理上相连 next to → 常用于日常口语 near / close to → 距离近，但不一定相连
🔹 六、雅思与学术写作用法（IELTS & Academic Usage）
📘 常用于：
雅思写作 Task 1（地图题、流程题） 地理、建筑、规划、科学技术类论文
✅ Task 1 高分句型示例：
1️⃣ A new residential area was constructed adjacent to the main road.
一个新的住宅区建在主干道旁。
2️⃣ The factory is located adjacent to the river to facilitate waste disposal.
工厂建在河边以方便废物处理。
3️⃣ Two classrooms were merged to form a larger hall adjacent to the library.
两个教室合并成一个靠近图书馆的大教室。
4️⃣ The car park is adjacent to the shopping complex, providing convenient access for customers.
停车场紧邻购物中心，为顾客提供便利。
📘 学术写作表达（抽象用法）：
The concept of justice is adjacent to that of equality. Urban sociology is adjacent to human geography in scope.
🔹 七、常见错误与纠正（Common Mistakes）
错误句
正确句
说明
❌ The park is adjacent with the school.
✅ The park is adjacent to the school.
介词固定为 to。
❌ Our office is adjacent near the station.
✅ Our office is adjacent to the station.
不可与 near 连用。
❌ Adjacent room is empty.
✅ The adjacent room is empty.
形容词前需加 the。
🔹 八、派生用法与学术领域示例（Advanced Academic Use）
领域
常见短语
含义 / 用法
地理 Geography
adjacent countries
邻国，如 “China and Mongolia are adjacent countries.”
数学 Mathematics
adjacent angles / sides
相邻角 / 边
计算机 Computer Science
adjacency matrix / list
邻接矩阵 / 邻接表
建筑 Architecture
adjacent rooms / buildings
相邻的房间 / 建筑物
经济学 Economics
adjacent sectors / markets
相邻行业或市场
🔹 九、词族总结（Word Family Summary）
单词
词性
中文释义
示例
adjacent
adj.
毗邻的，邻近的
The park is adjacent to the school.
adjacency
n.
邻近，毗连
The adjacency of the two regions encourages trade.
adjacently
adv.
相邻地
The rooms were built adjacently.
🧾 总结表（Summary）
项目
内容
音标
/əˈdʒeɪsnt/
词性
形容词
核心义
毗邻的；相邻的；邻近的
固定搭配
adjacent to sth
反义词
distant, remote, separate
派生词
adjacency (n.), adjacently (adv.)
语域
正式、学术（IELTS & academic writing）
同义词
adjoining, neighboring, next to, close to
🏆 雅思写作高分句型模板（可直接套用）
1️⃣ The new industrial zone was built adjacent to the main railway line.
2️⃣ A children’s playground was established adjacent to the residential area.
3️⃣ Two lecture halls are located adjacent to the university library.
4️⃣ The government aims to develop tourism in regions adjacent to the coastline.
5️⃣ Ethics is a field closely adjacent to philosophy.
❄🌸Snow Cherry Blossom🌸❄ 