🟩 agriculture
📘 音标：/ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/
📘 词性：noun（名词）
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 ager（田地）+ cultura（耕作），意为“耕地的艺术或科学”。
🟦 一、核心释义（Core Meaning）
agriculture — the science or practice of farming, including the cultivation of the soil and the rearing of animals.
农业；农学；农艺（包括耕种和畜牧）
🟩 二、详细释义与例句（Meanings & Examples）
✅ 1️⃣ （科学 / 实践）农业；农学
the science or practice of farming, including growing crops and keeping animals for food, raw materials, etc.
Agriculture is the main source of income in many developing countries. 农业是许多发展中国家的主要收入来源。 Modern agriculture relies heavily on technology and irrigation systems. 现代农业高度依赖科技与灌溉系统。 The government has introduced policies to promote sustainable agriculture. 政府推出政策促进可持续农业。
📘 IELTS 写作用法：
“The development of agriculture has transformed human civilization.”
“Investment in agriculture is essential for ensuring food security.”
✅ 2️⃣ 农业产业（the agricultural sector / industry）
referring collectively to farming and related economic activities
The agriculture sector employs over 40% of the rural population. 农业部门雇佣了超过 40% 的农村人口。
🟩 三、常见搭配（Common Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
modern agriculture
现代农业
Modern agriculture uses advanced technology.
traditional agriculture
传统农业
Traditional agriculture depends on manual labor.
sustainable agriculture
可持续农业
Sustainable agriculture protects the environment.
organic agriculture
有机农业
Organic agriculture avoids chemical fertilizers.
subsistence agriculture
自给农业
Many farmers still practice subsistence agriculture.
agricultural production
农业生产
Agricultural production increased last year.
agricultural development
农业发展
Agricultural development is crucial for poverty reduction.
🟩 四、相关派生词（Word Family）
单词
词性
音标
中文释义
例句
agricultural
adj.
/ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/
农业的；农用的
Agricultural policies are vital for food security.
agriculturist / agriculturist
n.
/ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərɪst/
农学家；农业专家
The agriculturist advised farmers on soil quality.
agronomy
n.
/əˈɡrɒnəmi/
农艺学（更学术性）
He is studying agronomy at university.
agrarian
adj.
/əˈɡreəriən/
土地的；农业的（正式/政治用语）
Agrarian reform improved farmers’ rights.
📘 IELTS 小贴士：
写作 Task 2 中，“agricultural development / sustainable agriculture” 是高频主题。 学术类作文中更常用 “the agricultural sector / agricultural production”。
🟩 五、语法与用法（Grammar & Style Notes）
agriculture 是 不可数名词（uncountable noun）。 ✅ Correct: Agriculture is important to the economy. ❌ Wrong: Agricultures are important to the economy. 用作主语 或 修饰词 时常与形容词搭配： → Modern agriculture, Sustainable agriculture, Organic agriculture
🟩 六、同义词与相关词（Synonyms / Related Terms）
类别
词汇
含义 / 用法
✅ 同义近义
farming, cultivation, husbandry, agronomy
泛指农业活动
🧠 学术相关
agricultural science, rural economy, food production
IELTS 写作中常见学术表达
🌾 相关名词
crop, harvest, soil, irrigation, livestock
农业主题常见词汇
🟩 七、IELTS 写作与口语应用（IELTS Usage）
✍️ Writing Task 2 高分例句：
“Governments should provide more financial support for agriculture to ensure food security.”
“The shift from traditional to modern agriculture has greatly increased productivity.”
“Sustainable agriculture plays a crucial role in environmental protection.”
💬 Speaking 示例：
“In my hometown, most people are engaged in agriculture.”
“My grandfather used to work in agriculture, mainly growing rice.”
🟩 八、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
noun（名词，不可数）
发音
/ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/
核心义
农业；农学；耕作与畜牧的科学与实践
常见搭配
sustainable agriculture / modern agriculture / agricultural production
派生词
agricultural, agriculturist, agronomy, agrarian
学术领域
Geography, Environment, Economics, Sociology
IELTS 高频话题
Food Security, Rural Development, Environment
🌸 一句话总结：
agriculture 是 IELTS 写作 Task 2 常见学术名词，用于表达“农业发展、粮食安全、环境保护”等主题；在学术写作中可替换为 farming / the agricultural sector / agricultural production 来避免重复。
🟩 ahead
📘 音标：/əˈhed/
📘 词性：adverb（副词）
📘 语体：常用 / 中性；可用于正式或非正式语境
📘 词源：来自 a-（在……之上）+ head（头），原意为“在前面”，引申为“领先、向前、未来”。
🟦 一、核心释义（Core Meaning）
ahead — in front; before; in advance; leading or making progress.
在前面；向前；领先；提前；未来
🟩 二、详细释义与例句（Meanings & Examples）
✅ 1️⃣ 在前面；向前（in front）
in or into a position in front of someone or something
The road ahead was blocked by a fallen tree. 前方的道路被倒下的树挡住了。 She walked on, her head held high, looking straight ahead. 她昂首阔步，目视前方。 There’s a long journey ahead of us. 我们还有很长的路要走。
📘 IELTS 口语中常见表达：
“I have a long career ahead of me.”
“There’s a bright future ahead.”
✅ 2️⃣ 向前地；提前地（earlier than expected or planned）
earlier than someone or something; before an expected time
The flight arrived ten minutes ahead of schedule. 航班提前十分钟到达。 Please plan ahead so that everything runs smoothly. 请提前规划以确保一切顺利。
📘 常见固定搭配：
搭配
含义
示例
ahead of time / schedule
提前
We finished the project ahead of time.
plan ahead
提前计划
It’s wise to plan ahead for your studies.
think ahead
提前思考
You should think ahead before making a decision.
✅ 3️⃣ 领先（be ahead）
to be further forward in place, time, or progress than someone or something
Our team is two goals ahead. 我们队领先两分。 She’s far ahead of her classmates in English. 她的英语水平远远领先于同学们。
📘 IELTS 写作中常见搭配：
“Developed countries are far ahead in technology.”
“Some nations remain decades ahead in education.”
✅ 4️⃣ 未来；在前方的时间里（in the future）
in the time to come; in the future
We have some difficult times ahead. 我们即将面临艰难的时期。 The company has a promising future ahead. 公司前景光明。 There are many challenges ahead for global leaders. 全球领导人面临许多未来挑战。
📘 IELTS 写作例句：
“The years ahead will be crucial for addressing climate change.”
✅ 5️⃣ ahead of sb/sth（介词短语结构）
ahead of — 领先于；在……之前
He finished the race ahead of all the others. 他比其他人都先到达终点。 This country is years ahead of others in scientific research. 这个国家的科学研究领先其他国家多年。 Let’s meet a day ahead of the conference. 让我们在会议前一天见面。
📘 常用搭配：
短语
含义
示例
ahead of schedule
提前于计划
The construction was completed ahead of schedule.
ahead of time
提前
I arrived ahead of time for the interview.
ahead of the game
领先局势
Companies that innovate stay ahead of the game.
ahead of one’s time
超前于时代
His ideas were far ahead of his time.
🟩 三、语法与结构（Grammar Notes）
类型
结构
示例
副词
动词 + ahead
Go ahead / Move ahead / Look ahead
介词短语
ahead of + 名词
ahead of schedule / ahead of the competition
不用于名词前
❌ an ahead plan（错误）
🟩 四、常见短语（Phrasal & Idiomatic Uses）
短语
中文释义
示例
go ahead
继续；开始；请便
Go ahead and ask your question.
look ahead (to)
展望未来
We should look ahead to better opportunities.
get ahead (of)
取得进步；出人头地
She worked hard to get ahead in her career.
think ahead
提前考虑
It’s important to think ahead when managing money.
straight ahead
一直向前
Keep going straight ahead for 500 meters.
way ahead
远远领先
This technology is way ahead of its time.
🟩 五、IELTS 写作与口语应用（IELTS Usage）
✍️ Writing Task 2 常用表达
“Nations must plan ahead to ensure sustainable development.”
“Many countries are far ahead in the use of renewable energy.”
“The decades ahead will determine the future of humanity.”
💬 Speaking 常用表达
“I always try to think ahead before making big decisions.”
“We have a lot of challenges ahead, but I’m optimistic.”
“Go ahead, you can speak first.”
🟩 六、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）
类型
词汇
含义
✅ 同义词
forward, before, in advance, earlier
表示“向前”或“提前”
❌ 反义词
behind, after, late
表示“落后”或“迟”
🟩 七、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
副词（adverb）
发音
/əˈhed/
核心义
向前；在前面；领先；提前；未来
常见搭配
ahead of schedule / plan ahead / go ahead / way ahead
IELTS 高频场景
未来趋势、时间提前、科技领先、规划类话题
反义词
behind
常见短语动词
go ahead / look ahead / get ahead
🌸 一句话总结：
ahead 是一个多功能副词，既可表示“位置或时间的领先”，也可表达“提前、展望未来”，在 IELTS 写作 中常用于“future trends（未来趋势）”和“technological advancement（科技领先）”等学术语境中。
🟩 aid
📘 音标：/eɪd/
📘 词性：noun（名词） & verb（动词）
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 adiutare（帮助、支援），经由古法语 aide 进入英语。
🟦 一、核心释义（Core Meaning）
aid — to help or support someone or something; assistance given to achieve a purpose.
帮助；援助；救助；资助；辅助工具
🟩 二、作为名词（noun）
✅ 1️⃣ 帮助；援助（help or support）
help that you give to someone, especially when they are in trouble or need.
She came quickly to his aid when he fell. 他摔倒时，她立刻前来援助。 The organization provides aid to developing countries. 该组织向发展中国家提供援助。
📘 IELTS 写作例句：
“International aid plays a crucial role in reducing global poverty.”
✅ 2️⃣ 救援物资；资金援助（money, food, etc.）
money, food, or equipment given by one country or organization to help another.
Emergency aid was sent to the flood victims. 紧急救援物资已送往受灾地区。 The UN provided humanitarian aid to refugees. 联合国向难民提供人道主义援助。
📘 常见搭配：
搭配
含义
示例
foreign aid
对外援助
Many nations depend on foreign aid.
humanitarian aid
人道主义援助
Humanitarian aid was distributed to victims.
economic aid
经济援助
The government received economic aid from abroad.
medical aid
医疗援助
Medical aid was provided after the disaster.
development aid
发展援助
Development aid supports education and infrastructure.
financial aid
经济资助（教育类）
Many students apply for financial aid.
📘 IELTS 高频主题：
✔️ poverty（贫困）
✔️ development（发展）
✔️ disaster relief（灾害救助）
✔️ education（教育资助）
✅ 3️⃣ 辅助物；辅助工具（something that helps you to do something）
something such as a machine or device that helps you to do something.
A hearing aid helps people with hearing problems. 助听器帮助听力受损者。 Visual aids such as charts can make a presentation clearer. 图表等视觉辅助工具能使演讲更清晰。
📘 IELTS 小贴士：
“Visual aids” 在 Speaking Part 2 与 academic presentations 场景中常用。
🟩 三、作为动词（verb）
📘 词形变化：aids / aided / aiding
📘 用法：aid sb/sth 或 aid in (doing) sth
✅ 1️⃣ 帮助；援助（to help or support someone or something）
to help somebody/something to do something
The new law is intended to aid the poor. 这项新法律旨在帮助贫困人群。 The medicine aids digestion. 这种药有助于消化。 Computers are used to aid learning in schools. 计算机用于辅助教学。
📘 IELTS 写作用法：
“Technology can aid the learning process.”
“Policies that aid small businesses are beneficial to economic growth.”
✅ 2️⃣ 促进；改善（to make something happen more easily）
to make something easier or more effective
Good communication aids understanding between cultures. 良好的沟通有助于不同文化间的理解。
📘 常见结构：
结构
示例
aid sb/sth
The fund aids the poor.
aid in (doing) sth
This tool aids in problem solving.
🟩 四、派生词（Word Family）
单词
词性
中文释义
示例
aided
adj.
有帮助的；受资助的
State-aided schools provide free education.
aiding
n.
协助，援助（动作）
He was arrested for aiding the criminals.
unaided
adj.
无帮助的，自力的
She completed the climb unaided.
aide
n.
助理；助手（政治或军事）
The president’s senior aide spoke to the media.
🟩 五、常见短语（Common Collocations & Idioms）
短语
含义
示例
come/go to sb’s aid
前来帮助某人
Several volunteers came to the victims’ aid.
with the aid of
借助于……
He walked with the aid of a stick.
in aid of
为了帮助……（募款用）
The concert was held in aid of cancer research.
self-aid / first aid
自救 / 急救
Learning first aid can save lives.
📘 IELTS 写作例句：
“With the aid of modern technology, agricultural productivity has improved dramatically.”
🟩 六、IELTS Academic 用法 🌟
✍️ Writing Task 2 常见主题
International aid（国际援助） Development aid（发展援助） Education aid（教育资助） Technology aiding progress（科技促进发展）
✅ 高分表达：
“Foreign aid is essential for developing countries to build infrastructure.”
“Humanitarian aid must be distributed efficiently after natural disasters.”
“Technology aids students in learning more effectively.”
💬 Speaking 常用表达
“I believe helping others through aid programs is very important.”
“Many countries send aid after earthquakes or floods.”
“Modern tools like computers can aid in studying.”
🟩 七、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）
类型
词汇
含义 / 用法
✅ 同义词
help, assist, support, facilitate, subsidize
通用或正式替换
❌ 反义词
hinder, obstruct, block
阻碍，妨碍
💬 常用搭配
give/provide/offer aid
提供援助
🟩 八、语法提示（Grammar Notes）
用法
示例
aid sb/sth
The charity aids homeless people.
aid in (doing) sth
The app aids in tracking expenses.
不可数名词
Aid is necessary for recovery.
不可用复数形式
❌ aids (错误，除非指疾病或某工具名)*
⚠️ 注意区分 AIDS（艾滋病），是首字母缩略词，发音相同但语义完全不同。
🟩 九、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
名词 & 动词
发音
/eɪd/
核心义
帮助；援助；救助；辅助
常见搭配
foreign aid / humanitarian aid / with the aid of / aid in doing sth
反义词
hinder, obstruct
IELTS 高频话题
Poverty, Development, Education, Disaster Relief, Technology
学术风格替换
assist, facilitate, support
🌸 一句话总结：
aid 是 IELTS 高分写作中极具学术感的词汇，既可作名词指“援助与资助”，也可作动词指“帮助、促进”，常用于描述国际合作、科技进步与人道救援等主题。
👉 （1）AIDS（疾病名，首字母缩略词）
👉 （2）aids（复数名词：辅助工具）
并配合 IELTS Academic 的用法与语法讲解👇
🟥 AIDS /eɪdz/
📘 全称：Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
（获得性免疫缺陷综合征）
🟦 一、词性与定义（Part of Speech & Definition）
noun [U] 不可数名词
a serious disease caused by a virus (HIV) that destroys the body’s ability to resist infection.
由病毒（HIV）引起的严重疾病，使身体丧失抵抗感染的能力。
📘 中文：
艾滋病；获得性免疫缺陷综合征
🟦 二、详细释义（Detailed Explanation）
AIDS is the advanced stage of infection with HIV, in which the immune system becomes too weak to fight infections or cancers. 艾滋病是 HIV 感染的晚期阶段，患者的免疫系统严重受损。 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS, but having HIV does not necessarily mean one has AIDS. HIV 病毒会导致艾滋病，但感染 HIV 并不等于已经患病。
🟦 三、常见搭配（Collocations）
英文搭配
中文释义
示例句
the AIDS virus (HIV)
艾滋病毒
Scientists are working to prevent the spread of the AIDS virus.
AIDS patient / victim
艾滋病患者
Many AIDS patients require long-term care.
AIDS prevention
艾滋病预防
Education plays a key role in AIDS prevention.
AIDS awareness
艾滋病意识
AIDS awareness campaigns help reduce discrimination.
AIDS research
艾滋病研究
Governments should invest more in AIDS research.
AIDS epidemic
艾滋病流行
Africa has faced a severe AIDS epidemic.
🟦 四、IELTS Academic 常见用法 🌍
📘 主题词汇领域：
health & medicine（健康与医学） public health policy（公共卫生政策） global issues（全球问题）
✅ 高分写作例句：
1️⃣ Governments must invest in AIDS prevention programs to protect public health.
政府必须投资于艾滋病预防项目以保护公共健康。
2️⃣ AIDS awareness campaigns can reduce the stigma attached to the disease.
艾滋病意识宣传能减少人们的歧视。
3️⃣ Medical research has made great progress in treating AIDS and extending patients’ lives.
医学研究在治疗艾滋病和延长患者寿命方面取得了巨大进步。
🟦 五、语法与用法（Grammar Notes）
项目
用法说明
不可数名词（uncountable）
不用冠词，不用复数。✅ say AIDS is a deadly disease. ❌ not an AIDS or AIDSes
发音
/eɪdz/，单音节
拼写全大写
表示它是首字母缩略词
可作专有名词
The global fight against AIDS continues.
🟦 六、相关词汇（Related Vocabulary）
单词
中文释义
示例
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
人类免疫缺陷病毒
HIV causes AIDS.
virus
病毒
The HIV virus spreads through blood and body fluids.
infection
感染
Preventing infection is the key to stopping AIDS.
immune system
免疫系统
AIDS weakens the immune system.
prevention
预防
Education is essential for AIDS prevention.
🟩 七、区分：aid vs. aids
对比
aid
AIDS
词性
名词 / 动词
名词（专有，不可数）
含义
帮助、援助
艾滋病
用法
provide aid / aid in doing sth
fight against AIDS
发音
/eɪd/
/eɪdz/
语法
可数或不可数
不可数，无复数形式
⚠️ 注意：
“aids” 如果小写（非专有名词），可作 “aid 的复数形式**”，表示“辅助工具”或“辅助用品”；但大多数情况下，“AIDS（大写）” 特指疾病。
🟩 aids（复数名词，小写）
📘 发音：/eɪdz/
📘 词性：noun plural
📘 释义：辅助物；辅助工具；辅助设备
tools, devices, or methods that help you do something more easily or effectively.
📘 中文：辅助工具；辅助用品
✅ 例句：
Hearing aids help people who have difficulty hearing. 助听器帮助听力受损者。 Visual aids such as diagrams make explanations clearer. 诸如图表之类的视觉辅助工具能使讲解更清楚。 Teachers often use audio-visual aids to make lessons more engaging. 教师常使用视听辅助工具让课堂更有趣。
✅ 常见搭配：
搭配
中文释义
示例
hearing aids
助听器
She bought new hearing aids.
visual aids
视觉辅助工具
Visual aids help explain complex ideas.
teaching aids
教学辅助工具
The school provides various teaching aids.
study aids
学习辅助材料
Online study aids can be very helpful.
🟦 八、IELTS 写作与口语用法
📘 写作例句：
“Teachers should make use of visual aids to improve students’ understanding.”
“Modern aids such as computers have transformed education.”
📘 口语表达：
“I often use online study aids to prepare for exams.”
🟦 九、同义词与替换（Synonyms）
同义词
含义
devices
设备
tools
工具
instruments
仪器
materials
教学/学习材料
resources
资源
🟦 十、总结（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
noun (plural)
发音
/eɪdz/
含义
辅助工具；辅助设备；教学用具
学术搭配
visual aids, hearing aids, study aids
IELTS 主题
education, technology, communication
同形异义
AIDS（艾滋病）— 不可混淆
🌸 一句话总结：
🔹 AIDS（大写） 是疾病名，不可数。
🔹 aids（小写复数） 是 “aid” 的复数，表示“辅助工具”。
IELTS 中两者都高频出现，语法与语义完全不同。
🟩 ailment
📘 音标：/ˈeɪlmənt/
📘 词性：noun [C] 可数名词
📘 词源：来自古法语 ailement，源自 aillier（使痛苦，使生病），与 ill 同源。
🟦 一、核心释义（Core Meaning）
a mild illness that is not very serious
小病；微恙；轻微的疾病
📘 中文解释：
指轻度的身体不适或小病，不同于严重疾病（disease）。通常指头痛、胃痛、感冒、关节痛等不致命但影响日常生活的病症。
🟦 二、英文释义（Oxford Definition）
1️⃣ A minor illness, especially one that is chronic or causes discomfort.
（尤指长期或引起不适的）小病，微恙。
🟦 三、例句（Examples）
She suffers from a variety of minor ailments. 她患有多种小毛病。 The doctor treated him for a stomach ailment. 医生为他治疗了胃病。 Elderly people often complain of various ailments. 老年人常有各种小病小痛。
📘 IELTS 写作例句：
“Many people suffer from minor ailments caused by stress or poor diet.”
“Preventing common ailments through education is more effective than treating them.”
🟦 四、常见搭配（Common Collocations）
搭配
中文释义
示例
minor ailment
小病；轻病
The clinic provides free treatment for minor ailments.
chronic ailment
慢性疾病
She has been struggling with a chronic ailment for years.
common ailment
常见病
Cold and flu are common ailments in winter.
stomach ailment
胃病
He couldn’t eat much because of his stomach ailment.
skin ailment
皮肤病
Pollution often causes skin ailments.
🟦 五、与近义词的区别（Synonym Comparison）
单词
词性
含义
区别
ailment
n.
小病，轻病
程度轻，常见于日常英语与医学
illness
n.
疾病（广义）
可指任何病，轻重皆可
disease
n.
疾病（正式、医学）
医学用语，通常较严重
disorder
n.
功能失调、失常
医学或心理用语，如 mental disorder
sickness
n.
不适，呕吐，疾病
口语化，更非正式
📘 记忆要点：
ailment → 小毛病
disease → 严重疾病
illness → 一般疾病
🟦 六、语法与用法（Grammar & Usage）
项目
说明
可数名词
可数：an ailment / ailments
常与 health, suffer, treat 连用
e.g. “treat an ailment”, “suffer from ailments”
多用于正式或书面语（academic/formal）
在 IELTS 写作 Task 2 非常自然
🟦 七、IELTS Academic 应用 🌍
✍️ Writing Task 2 常用主题
public health（公共健康） healthcare systems（医疗体系） ageing population（老龄化社会） lifestyle and diet（生活方式与饮食）
✅ 高分表达：
“A sedentary lifestyle can lead to various ailments, including obesity and heart problems.”
“Preventive healthcare helps reduce the number of common ailments.”
“Modern medicine focuses not only on curing diseases but also on preventing minor ailments.”
💬 Speaking 常用表达：
“I rarely go to the doctor unless I have a minor ailment, like a cold.”
“Many elderly people suffer from age-related ailments.”
🟦 八、同义词与反义词（Synonyms & Antonyms）
类型
词汇
示例
✅ 同义词
illness, sickness, complaint, disorder
He has a chronic stomach complaint.
❌ 反义词
health, wellness
Good nutrition promotes overall health.
🟦 九、词族（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
ail
v.
使患病；困扰（正式）e.g. What ails you today?（你今天哪儿不舒服？）
ailing
adj.
生病的；衰弱的（人/机构）e.g. The ailing economy needs reform.
ailment
n.
小病，轻病
📘 IELTS 写作用法：
“The ailing healthcare system requires urgent reform.”（表示系统“生病”→运行不良）
🟦 十、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
noun [C]
发音
/ˈeɪlmənt/
中文释义
小病，微恙，轻微疾病
常见搭配
minor ailment, chronic ailment, common ailment
语体风格
正式、书面语（academic）
IELTS 高频主题
health, medicine, ageing, lifestyle
相关动词
ail（使痛苦；使生病）
反义词
health, wellness
🌸 一句话总结：
ailment 是一个正式、学术的名词，用于指轻微或慢性的疾病，是 IELTS 写作中替换 “illness” 的高级词汇选择。
🟩 aim
📘 音标：/eɪm/
📘 词性：noun [C, U]；verb [I, T]
📘 词源：来自古法语 esmer（估计、瞄准），最早意为“指向目标”，后来引申为“目的、打算”。
🟦 一、核心释义（Core Meanings）
to try or intend to achieve something; to point or direct something at a target
v. 力求达到；计划；瞄准；针对
n. 目的；目标；瞄准
🟩 二、动词用法（verb）
✅ 1️⃣ to try or plan to achieve something
→ 力求达到；计划；打算
📘 英文释义：
to try or intend to achieve something
📘 例句：
We aim to finish the project by July. 我们力争在七月前完成这个项目。 The government aims to reduce unemployment by 5%. 政府计划将失业率降低 5%。 The new policy is aimed at helping small businesses. 这项新政策旨在帮助小型企业。
📘 IELTS 写作用法：
“This research aims to explore the effects of climate change on agriculture.”
“The government aims at improving public transportation.”
✅ 2️⃣ to point a weapon or object at a target
→ 瞄准；对准
📘 英文释义：
to point or direct a weapon or camera at something or someone
📘 例句：
He aimed the gun at the target. 他把枪瞄准靶子。 She aimed the camera at the children. 她把相机对准孩子们。
📘 常见结构：
结构
示例
aim at sth/sb
He aimed at the target.
aim for sth
They are aiming for victory.
aim to do sth
The plan aims to reduce costs.
🟩 三、名词用法（noun）
✅ 1️⃣ 目的；目标（what you hope to achieve）
📘 英文释义：
what you are trying to achieve; your purpose or intention
📘 例句：
The main aim of the course is to improve your writing skills. 这门课程的主要目标是提高写作能力。 He went to Paris with the aim of learning French. 他去巴黎的目的在于学习法语。 Their aim is to provide better healthcare. 他们的目标是提供更好的医疗服务。
📘 IELTS 写作用法：
“The aim of this essay is to discuss whether technology has improved education.”
“The main aim of government policy should be public welfare.”
✅ 2️⃣ 瞄准（the act of pointing a weapon）
📘 英文释义：
the act of pointing a weapon at somebody/something
📘 例句：
He took careful aim before firing. 他仔细瞄准后才开枪。 The soldier’s aim was perfect. 那名士兵的瞄准极准。
🟩 四、常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
main / primary / ultimate aim
主要/最终目标
The main aim of education is to develop critical thinking.
achieve / pursue / fulfil an aim
达成/追求/实现目标
The company failed to achieve its aim.
aim to do sth
打算做某事
The study aims to identify key factors.
aim at doing sth
旨在做某事
The project is aimed at improving air quality.
aim for sth
争取；力求
She’s aiming for a high IELTS score.
🟩 五、IELTS Academic 应用 🌍
✍️ Writing Task 2 / Task 1 常用句型：
✅ 开头句（引出目的）
“This essay aims to examine the causes of climate change.”
“The research is aimed at analysing the effects of technology on education.”
✅ 政策类写作：
“Government policies should aim at reducing poverty and inequality.”
✅ 目标类表达：
“Students should aim for continuous improvement rather than perfection.”
💬 Speaking 实用表达：
“I aim to get band 8 in IELTS.”
“My main aim is to find a stable job abroad.”
“Our company aims at producing eco-friendly products.”
🟩 六、语法用法（Grammar Notes）
项目
用法说明
示例
动词结构
aim to do sth
He aims to be a teacher.
aim at doing sth
The plan is aimed at improving efficiency.
aim for sth
She is aiming for success.
名词搭配
with the aim of doing sth
He studied hard with the aim of passing the exam.
可数/不可数
可数：an aim / multiple aims
The project has several aims.
🟩 七、同义词与替换（Synonyms & Near Equivalents）
单词
含义
区别
goal
明确目标（可测量）
The goal is to lose 5 kg.
objective
正式/学术目标
The main objective of this study is…
purpose
原因、动机
The purpose of education is to develop character.
intention
意图、打算
He had no intention of lying.
target
可量化的目标
The company set a sales target.
📘 IELTS 提分建议：
写作中可用 “aim” 与 “objective” 交替使用，让表达更学术自然。
🟩 八、派生词（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
aimless
adj.
无目标的
He wandered aimlessly through the city.
aimlessly
adv.
无目的地
Students sometimes study aimlessly without clear goals.
🟩 九、短语表达（Common Phrases）
短语
中文释义
示例
take aim at sb/sth
瞄准；批评
The article takes aim at government corruption.
set one’s aim high
立下高远目标
You should set your aim high and work hard.
have an aim in life
有人生目标
Everyone should have an aim in life.
🟩 十、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
noun / verb
发音
/eɪm/
中文释义
目标；目的；打算；瞄准
主要搭配
aim to do sth / aim at doing sth / with the aim of doing sth
同义词
goal, objective, target, purpose
IELTS 高频话题
education, government policy, personal goals
派生词
aimless, aimlessly
🌸 一句话总结：
aim 是 IELTS 写作和口语中表达“目的与目标”的核心词汇，常用于正式场合，结构灵活（aim to do / aim at doing / with the aim of doing），能自然提升句子学术性。
🟩 air
📘 音标：/eə(r)/
📘 词性：noun [U]；verb [T]
📘 词源：拉丁语 aer → 希腊语 aēr，意为“空气、气体”。
🟦 一、noun 用法（名词）
✅ 1️⃣ the mixture of gases that we breathe
→ 空气
📘 例句：
Let’s go out for some fresh air. 我们出去呼吸点新鲜空气吧。 The smell of smoke filled the air. 烟味弥漫在空气中。
✅ 2️⃣ the space above the ground; the sky
→ 天空；空中
📘 例句：
A bird was flying through the air. 一只鸟在空中飞翔。 The plane suddenly disappeared into the air. 飞机突然消失在空中。
📘 短语：
表达
含义
示例
in the air
在空中；弥漫着（某种气氛）
There was excitement in the air.
by air
乘飞机；通过空运
We decided to travel by air.
fresh / polluted air
新鲜空气 / 污染空气
The city suffers from polluted air.
✅ 3️⃣ on the air（广播电视）
→ 在广播或电视上播出
📘 例句：
The program is on the air every morning. 该节目每天早晨播出。
🟦 二、verb 用法（动词）
✅ to express or broadcast something publicly
→ 公开发表；播出
📘 例句：
The interview will be aired tomorrow night. 采访将于明晚播出。 He aired his views on education reform. 他公开发表了自己对教育改革的看法。
🟦 三、IELTS 写作与口语表达 🌍
“Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems.”
“The air quality in urban areas is deteriorating.”
“Travelling by air is faster but more expensive.”
🟩 aircraft
📘 音标：/ˈeəkrɑːft/
📘 词性：noun [C]（复数同形）
📘 释义： 飞机（泛指任何飞行器）
📘 例句：
Military aircraft were seen flying over the border. 有人看到军用飞机在边境上空飞行。 The airport handles hundreds of aircraft daily. 机场每天处理数百架飞机起降。
📘 IELTS 用法：
“The development of modern aircraft has revolutionized global travel.”
🟩 airline
📘 音标：/ˈeəlaɪn/
📘 词性：noun [C]
📘 释义： 航空公司
📘 例句：
I prefer flying with European airlines. 我更喜欢乘坐欧洲的航空公司航班。 Airlines are facing financial difficulties due to rising fuel costs. 由于燃油价格上涨，各航空公司正面临经济困难。
📘 IELTS 写作用法：
“Airlines should offer more eco-friendly flights to reduce carbon emissions.”
🟩 airliner
📘 音标：/ˈeəlaɪnə(r)/
📘 词性：noun [C]
📘 释义： 客机（大型民用飞机）
📘 例句：
The new airliner can carry over 300 passengers. 这架新型客机可搭载 300 多名乘客。 Modern airliners are equipped with advanced navigation systems. 现代客机配备了先进的导航系统。
🟩 airmail
📘 音标：/ˈeəmeɪl/
📘 词性：noun [U]；adj.
📘 释义： 航空邮件（通过飞机寄送的信件）
📘 例句：
I sent the documents by airmail. 我通过航空邮件寄出了文件。 An airmail letter takes about three days to arrive. 一封航空信大约需要三天送达。
📘 IELTS 用法：
“Before email became popular, people relied on airmail for long-distance communication.”
🟩 airplane ✈️（= aeroplane 🇬🇧）
📘 音标：/ˈeəpleɪn/
📘 词性：noun [C]
📘 释义： 飞机
📘 例句：
The airplane took off smoothly. 飞机顺利起飞。 He travels frequently by airplane. 他经常坐飞机旅行。
📘 注意：
英式英语
美式英语
aeroplane
airplane
🟩 airport
📘 音标：/ˈeəpɔːt/
📘 词性：noun [C]
📘 释义： 机场
📘 例句：
We arrived at the airport two hours before the flight. 我们在航班起飞前两小时到达机场。 The new airport terminal is very modern. 新的机场航站楼非常现代化。
📘 IELTS 写作用法：
“International airports play a crucial role in global trade and tourism.”
🟩 airway
📘 音标：/ˈeəweɪ/
📘 词性：noun [C]
📘 释义：
1️⃣ （医学）呼吸道
2️⃣ （航空）航线
📘 例句：
The patient’s airway must be kept clear. 病人的呼吸道必须保持畅通。 The plane followed the northern airway. 飞机沿着北方航线飞行。
🟩 词汇总结表（Summary Table）
单词
词性
中文释义
示例
air
n./v.
空气；天空；播出
fresh air / by air / to air a program
aircraft
n.
飞机（泛指飞行器）
military aircraft
airline
n.
航空公司
national airline
airliner
n.
客机
a large airliner
airmail
n./adj.
航空邮件
send by airmail
airplane
n.
飞机（美式）
the airplane took off
airport
n.
机场
arrive at the airport
airway
n.
航线；气道
clear the airway / follow the airway
🟩 IELTS 高频话题句型 ✈️
✅ Writing Task 1（交通类图表）
“The number of passengers travelling by air increased dramatically between 1990 and 2020.”
✅ Writing Task 2（环境类）
“Air travel contributes significantly to carbon emissions.”
✅ Speaking Part 1
Q: Do you like travelling by air?
A: Yes, because air travel is fast and convenient, though sometimes expensive.
🌸 一句话总结：
“Air” 词族是 IELTS 写作中“交通、科技、环境”类高频核心词组，掌握其派生词能自然提升词汇多样性与表达精准度。
🟩 aisle
📘 音标：/aɪl/
📘 词性：noun [C] 可数名词
📘 词源：源自古法语 ele（拉丁语 ala “翼”），原指教堂两侧的“翼廊”。
🟦 一、核心释义（Core Meaning）
a passage between rows of seats in a church, theatre, train, etc., or between rows of shelves in a supermarket
（座位、货架等之间的）过道；通道
📘 中文释义：
指座位排或货架排之间供人通行的狭长通道，常用于飞机、教堂、剧院、超市、火车等场景。
🟦 二、例句（Examples）
She walked quickly down the aisle. 她快步走过过道。 Would you prefer a window seat or an aisle seat? 您要靠窗的座位还是靠过道的座位？ He was stacking boxes in the supermarket aisle. 他正在超市过道里码放货箱。 The bride walked slowly up the church aisle. 新娘缓缓地沿着教堂过道走上前。
🟦 三、常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
walk down / up the aisle
（婚礼中）走过教堂过道（引申为“结婚”）
The bride walked down the aisle.
aisle seat
靠过道的座位（飞机或电影院）
I prefer an aisle seat on long flights.
supermarket aisle
超市货架间的通道
He turned into the frozen-food aisle.
church aisle
教堂过道
She decorated the church aisle with flowers.
🟦 四、近义词比较（Synonym Comparison）
单词
含义
区别
aisle
座位或货架间的过道
特指封闭或狭窄空间的通道
corridor
走廊（建筑内部的通道）
通常连接房间
passage
通道，走廊
泛指供人通过的地方，正式用语
lane
小路，车道
户外用语，不用于建筑物内
📘 记忆技巧：
“aisle” → 在教堂、飞机、超市“挨着”座位走的通道。
🟦 五、语法与用法（Grammar & Usage）
特征
说明
名词可数
通常用单数或复数形式，如 “an aisle / two aisles”
常与 in / down / along 搭配
e.g. He walked down the aisle.
🟦 六、IELTS 学术与口语用法 🌍
✈️ Travel Topic（旅行类）
“I prefer an aisle seat so that I can move around during the flight.”
“Passengers in the aisle should keep their belongings out of the way.”
🏪 Shopping Topic（购物类）
“In large supermarkets, there are dozens of aisles filled with different products.”
💒 Wedding Topic（婚礼类）
“Walking down the aisle is one of the most memorable moments for any bride.”
🟦 七、固定短语（Idiomatic Use）
短语
含义
walk down the aisle
结婚（在教堂仪式中走向祭坛）
across the aisle
（政治术语）跨越党派之间（源自议会席位布局）
📘 例句：
“The two parties worked together across the aisle to pass the bill.”
两党跨越党派合作通过了这项法案。
🟦 八、发音提示（Pronunciation Tip）
“aisle” 的 s 不发音。 ✅ 正确发音：/aɪl/ ❌ 错误发音：/eɪsl/（错误！）
🟦 九、词汇小拓展（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
aisle
n.
过道、通道
aisle seat
n. 短语
靠过道的座位
walk down the aisle
短语动词
结婚（婚礼用语）
🟦 十、总结（Summary Table）
项目
内容
词性
noun [C]
发音
/aɪl/
中文释义
过道，通道（座位或货架之间）
常见搭配
aisle seat, supermarket aisle, walk down the aisle
语体风格
中性、生活常用
IELTS 高频话题
travel, shopping, wedding, public transport
🌸 一句话总结：
aisle 指“座位或货架之间的过道”，在飞机和婚礼语境中尤其常见；
在 IELTS 口语中说 “an aisle seat” 比单纯说 “a seat” 更自然、更地道。
❄🌸Snow Cherry Blossom🌸❄ 