🟩 alive
📘 音标：英 /əˈlaɪv/ 美 /əˈlaɪv/
📘 词性：adjective
📘 词源（Etymology）：
来自古英语 alife（整体 + 生活），意为“活着的”。
原意为“生命存在”，后扩展到“活跃的、存在的、活力充沛的”等抽象意义。
🟦 一、主要含义（Definitions）
✅ 1️⃣ 活着的；有生命的
living, not dead
📘 中文释义：
用于描述人、动物或植物仍然活着。
📘 例句：
He was found alive after the accident. 事故后他被发现还活着。 Only three fish were still alive in the tank. 鱼缸里只有三条鱼还活着。 Keep the plants alive by watering them regularly. 定期浇水让植物保持活力。
📘 常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
keep alive
保持活着 / 保持生命力
The doctors did everything to keep him alive.
still alive
仍然活着
Is your grandmother still alive?
alive and well
健康、活力充沛
The tradition is still alive and well in this region.
✅ 2️⃣ 活跃的；充满活力的
full of activity, energy, or excitement
📘 中文释义：
描述人、地方或氛围充满生气、活力或热闹。
📘 例句：
The market was alive with people and music. 市场里人声鼎沸，音乐热闹。 He is very alive to new ideas. 他对新想法非常敏感、充满活力。 The discussion kept the room alive. 讨论让房间充满生气。
📘 搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
come alive
变得生动 / 活跃
The story comes alive when told by the teacher.
be alive to sth
意识到 / 敏感于
She is very alive to the needs of her students.
keep sth alive
让……保持生机
We must keep the tradition alive.
✅ 3️⃣ 存在的；仍然有效的（抽象用法）
continuing to exist or be relevant
📘 中文释义：
某事物仍然存在或保持影响力、重要性。
📘 例句：
The memory of the event is still alive in our minds. 这件事的记忆仍然留在我们脑海中。 This idea is very much alive in modern science. 这一思想在现代科学中仍然存在。 The debate remains alive in political circles. 这一辩论在政治圈中仍然存在。
🟦 二、语法与用法
项目
内容
词性
adjective
修饰对象
人、动物、植物、物体、思想、气氛
常用短语
keep alive, still alive, come alive, be alive to sth
反义词
dead, lifeless, inactive
🟦 三、IELTS / Academic English 应用
✍️ Writing Task 2
“Traditional festivals remain alive in many rural areas, preserving cultural heritage.” “Digital technology keeps history alive for future generations through interactive platforms.”
💬 Speaking
“The city was alive with music and lights during the festival.” “I try to keep my knowledge of classical literature alive by reading regularly.”
📌 Academic / Formal Expressions
keep tradition alive → 保持传统活力 ideas still alive → 思想仍然存在 / 有影响力 be alive to opportunities → 对机会保持敏感 / 抓住机会
🟦 四、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
发音
/əˈlaɪv/
词性
adjective
核心义
活着的；活跃的；存在的
常见搭配
keep alive, still alive, come alive, be alive to sth
反义词
dead, lifeless, inactive
IELTS话题
Culture, Society, Education, Science, Festivals
使用提示
可用于具体生命状态，也可用于抽象存在或活力表达
🌸 一句话总结：
Alive 不仅指“活着”，也可指“充满活力”或“仍然存在”，在雅思口语和写作中可用于描述生命状态、文化传统、思想活力或社会活动，是一个高频灵活词汇。
🟩 all
📘 音标：英 /ɔːl/ 美 /ɔːl/
📘 词性：determiner, pronoun, adverb, noun
📘 词源（Etymology）：
来自古英语 eall，意为“全部、整体”，源自日耳曼语系。
在英语中广泛用于表示数量、整体性、强调及泛指。
🟦 一、限定词 / 冠词用法（Determiner）
✅ 1️⃣ 全部的；所有的
used before a plural or uncountable noun to mean every one of a group or the whole amount
📘 中文释义：
表示某群体中的每一个或某物的整体量。
📘 例句：
All students must submit their essays by Friday. 所有学生必须在周五前提交论文。 She spent all her money on books. 她把所有的钱都花在书上。 All the evidence points to his guilt. 所有证据都指向他的罪行。
📘 常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
all of us / all of them
我们所有人 / 他们所有人
All of us enjoyed the trip.
all the time
一直，总是
He complains all the time.
all of a sudden
突然
All of a sudden, it started raining.
🟦 二、代词用法（Pronoun）
✅ 1️⃣ 全部；所有人 / 所有事
used without a noun to refer to the whole number or amount of something
📘 例句：
All are welcome to attend the ceremony. 所有人都欢迎参加仪式。 We’ve read the reports; all is ready for the meeting. 我们已阅读报告，会议准备就绪。
🟦 三、副词用法（Adverb）
✅ 1️⃣ 完全地；全然
used to emphasize that something is completely true or happens completely
📘 中文释义：
强调完全、彻底或整个程度。
📘 例句：
She was all alone in the house. 她独自在房子里。 I was all excited about the trip. 我对这次旅行感到非常兴奋。 The room was all dark. 房间里一片漆黑。
📘 常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
all but
几乎
The plan was all but ruined.
all over
遍及 / 到处
She searched all over the house.
all along
一直
I knew it all along.
🟦 四、名词用法（Noun，较少用）
✅ 1️⃣ 一切；全部
everything or everyone
📘 例句：
In the end, the all of nature is interconnected. 最终，自然界的一切都是相互联系的。 The all that matters is health and happiness. 最重要的一切是健康与幸福。
⚠️ 注：现代英语中，作为名词的 all 用法非常少见，更多出现在哲学或文学语境。
🟦 五、IELTS / Academic English 应用
✍️ Writing Task 2
“All students should have equal access to education.” “Climate change affects all aspects of human life.” “All of a sudden, technology transformed the workplace.”
💬 Speaking
“I’ve visited all the major cities in my country.” “All in all, it was a wonderful experience.” “She was all excited before the performance.”
📌 Academic / Formal Expressions
all aspects / all areas / all factors → 各个方面 all participants / all stakeholders → 所有参与者 / 利益相关者 all the more → 尤其，更加 for all → 尽管，即使（稍正式）
🟦 六、常见短语（Phrasal & Idiomatic Uses）
短语
含义
示例
all of a sudden
突然
All of a sudden, the lights went out.
all in all
总体来说
All in all, it was a good day.
all over the world
世界各地
The festival is celebrated all over the world.
all along
一直
I knew it all along.
🟦 七、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
发音
/ɔːl/
词性
determiner, pronoun, adverb, noun
核心义
全部；所有人/物；完全；一直
常见搭配
all of us, all the time, all aspects, all over
派生词
—
反义词
none, nothing, partial
IELTS话题
Education, Society, Culture, Environment
使用提示
可作限定词、代词、副词；强调整体或全部情况，高频口语与写作词
🌸 一句话总结：
All 是表示“全部、所有、完全、一切”的多功能词，可用于限定词、代词、副词及少数名词场景，在雅思写作与口语中用于强调整体性、全面性及完全程度，是最基础也最高频的词汇之一。
🟩 allergic
📘 音标：英 /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/ 美 /əˈlɜːrdʒɪk/
📘 词性：adjective
📘 词源（Etymology）：
来自 allergy（过敏）+ 后缀 -ic，意为“与过敏相关的”。
allergy 源自希腊语 allērgia（allos = 其他 + ergon = 工作/作用），原意为“身体对外来物质的异常反应”。
🟦 一、主要含义（Definitions）
✅ 1️⃣ 对某物过敏的
having a medical condition that makes you react badly or feel ill when you eat, touch, or breathe something
📘 中文释义：
对某物产生过敏反应（如食物、药物、花粉等）。
📘 例句：
She is allergic to peanuts. 她对花生过敏。 Many children are allergic to pollen in spring. 许多孩子春天对花粉过敏。 People with asthma may be allergic to dust mites. 哮喘患者可能对尘螨过敏。
📘 常见搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
allergic reaction
过敏反应
Severe allergic reactions can be life-threatening.
allergic to sth
对……过敏
I’m allergic to shellfish.
food/drug/pollen allergy
食物/药物/花粉过敏
Doctors test patients for drug allergies.
✅ 2️⃣ 比喻用法：极度反感或排斥的
strongly opposed to or not willing to accept something (informal, metaphorical)
📘 中文释义：
比喻某人对某事非常排斥或不愿接受。
📘 例句：
He seems allergic to hard work. 他似乎极度排斥辛苦工作。 Some people are allergic to change and resist new policies. 有些人对变革排斥，抗拒新政策。 I’m allergic to lies and dishonesty. 我非常讨厌谎言与不诚实。
📘 搭配（Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
allergic to criticism
不接受批评
She is allergic to criticism.
allergic to risk
不能接受风险
Investors may be allergic to risk in uncertain markets.
allergic to modern technology
排斥现代科技
Some older generations are allergic to modern technology.
🟦 二、语法与用法
项目
内容
词性
adjective
结构
allergic (to sth)
同义词
hypersensitive, sensitive, intolerant (medical)
反义词
immune, non-allergic
📘 例句（结构）：
She is allergic to cats, so she cannot have a pet. I am allergic to criticism, so I avoid heated debates.
🟦 三、IELTS / Academic English 应用
✍️ Writing Task 2
“Many children today suffer from allergic reactions to processed foods.” “Public health campaigns are needed to educate people who are allergic to vaccinations about safety measures.”
💬 Speaking
“I’m allergic to peanuts, so I always check food labels carefully.” “Some people seem allergic to change in their workplace, which can slow down progress.”
📌 Academic / Formal Expressions
allergic to pollen/food/medicine → 对花粉/食物/药物过敏 suffer from an allergic reaction → 受到过敏反应困扰 allergic sensitivity → 过敏敏感性
🟦 四、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
发音
/əˈlɜːdʒɪk/
词性
adjective
核心义
1. 对……过敏；2. 比喻：排斥、反感
常见搭配
allergic to sth, allergic reaction, allergic to criticism
派生词
allergy (n.), allergen (n.)
反义词
immune, non-allergic
IELTS话题
Health, Medicine, Society, Personal Experiences
使用提示
医学和比喻表达均可用，高频词汇，口语与写作均可用
🌸 一句话总结：
Allergic 不仅用于医学上的“对某物过敏”，也可比喻“极度排斥或反感”，在雅思口语和写作中既能描述健康状况，也能表达态度或心理状态，是多场景高频词汇。
🟩 alliance
📘 音标：英 /əˈlaɪəns/ 美 /əˈlaɪəns/
📘 词性：noun [C, U]
📘 词源（Etymology）：
来自古法语 alliance（结合、联盟），源自 allier（联合），拉丁语 alligare（绑定、联结）。
🟦 一、主要含义（Definitions）
✅ 1️⃣ 政治或军事联盟
an agreement between countries or organizations to work together, especially for political or military purposes
📘 中文释义：
国家、政党或组织之间为共同目标而形成的正式联盟或合作关系。
📘 例句：
NATO is a military alliance of several countries. 北约是多个国家的军事联盟。 The two parties formed an alliance to pass the new legislation. 两党结成联盟以通过新法案。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
political alliance
政治联盟
The parties formed a political alliance before the election.
military alliance
军事联盟
Several nations joined a military alliance.
strategic alliance
战略联盟
Companies often enter into strategic alliances to expand markets.
✅ 2️⃣ 社会或商业联盟
a relationship between people, groups, or organizations working together for mutual benefit
📘 中文释义：
个人、团体或企业间的合作关系，通常为了互利或共同目标。
📘 例句：
The university has formed an alliance with several tech companies. 该大学与几家科技公司建立了合作联盟。 Farmers created an alliance to protect their interests. 农民们组成联盟以维护自身利益。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
economic alliance
经济联盟
The nations formed an economic alliance to boost trade.
business alliance
商业联盟
A business alliance can improve competitiveness.
alliance of equals
平等联盟
The treaty established an alliance of equals.
✅ 3️⃣ 婚姻或家庭联盟（正式或文学用法）
a relationship or agreement between families or individuals, sometimes by marriage
📘 中文释义：
通过婚姻或家庭联结建立的关系或同盟。
📘 例句：
Historically, royal marriages often created political alliances. 历史上，皇室婚姻常常建立政治联盟。 The alliance between the two families ensured mutual protection. 两大家族之间的联盟保证了相互保护。
🟦 二、语法与用法
项目
内容
词性
noun [C, U]
用法
常与 form/join/enter an alliance 搭配使用
同义词
coalition, partnership, union, confederation
反义词
rivalry, opposition, conflict
📘 例句（结构）：
Several small parties formed an alliance to challenge the government. Companies often enter into strategic alliances to share resources.
🟦 三、IELTS / Academic English 应用
✍️ Writing Task 2
“Regional alliances play a key role in maintaining global security.” “Universities and industries should establish strategic alliances to promote innovation.” “Political alliances can influence the outcome of elections and policy decisions.”
💬 Speaking
“My country is part of several international alliances for trade and defense.” “Business alliances can help small companies grow in competitive markets.”
📌 Academic / Formal Expressions
strategic alliance → 战略联盟 political alliance → 政治联盟 economic alliance → 经济联盟 military alliance → 军事联盟
🟦 四、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
发音
/əˈlaɪəns/
词性
noun [C, U]
核心义
联盟、联合、同盟（政治、军事、经济、社会、家庭）
常见搭配
form/join/enter an alliance; strategic/political/military alliance
派生词
allied (adj.), ally (n./v.)
反义词
rivalry, opposition, conflict
IELTS话题
Politics, International Relations, Business, Economy, History
使用提示
既可用于国际关系，也可用于商业、社会或文学语境，高频正式词汇
🌸 一句话总结：
Alliance 指两个或多个实体为共同目标结成的联盟或合作关系，适用于政治、军事、经济、商业及历史文学场景，在雅思写作和口语中可用于讨论合作、联盟及国际关系等主题。
🟩 allocate / allocation / allot / allotment
🟦 一、allocate
📘 音标：英 /ˈæləkeɪt/ 美 /ˈæləkeɪt/
📘 词性：verb [T]
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 allocare（“to assign to a place” → 分派、安置）。
✅ 1️⃣ 分配；拨出（资源、金钱、时间等）
to give something officially to somebody/something for a particular purpose
📘 中文释义：
正式地分配资源、资金、任务、时间或职责。
📘 例句：
The government allocated £10 million to education. 政府拨出一千万英镑用于教育。 Each student was allocated a tutor. 每个学生都被分配了一名导师。 Resources should be allocated more efficiently. 资源应更有效地分配。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
allocate funds/resources/time
分配资金/资源/时间
The company allocated funds for research.
allocate responsibility/tasks
分配职责/任务
The manager allocated tasks among team members.
allocate sth to sb/sth
把……分配给……
Seats were allocated to each guest.
📘 语法结构：
allocate sth (to sb/sth) allocate sb sth
📘 同义词：assign, distribute, apportion, designate
📘 反义词：withhold, retain
🎓 IELTS / Academic Examples
“The government should allocate more resources to renewable energy.” “Funds were allocated according to population size.” “Time must be allocated efficiently during the examination.”
🟦 二、allocation
📘 音标：英 /ˌæləˈkeɪʃn/ 美 /ˌæləˈkeɪʃn/
📘 词性：noun [C, U]
📘 词源：名词形式，源自 allocate。
✅ 1️⃣ 分配；配给；拨款
the act of giving something to somebody for a particular purpose
📘 例句：
The allocation of funds will be reviewed annually. 资金分配将每年审查。 The allocation of tasks depends on skill levels. 任务的分配取决于技能水平。 An unequal allocation of resources may lead to social unrest. 资源分配不均可能导致社会动荡。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
resource allocation
资源分配
Resource allocation is a key issue in economics.
budget allocation
预算分配
The budget allocation favors healthcare.
allocation of funds/time/tasks
资金/时间/任务分配
The allocation of time is crucial in exams.
📘 同义词：distribution, assignment, apportionment
📘 反义词：retention, concentration
🎓 IELTS / Academic Examples
“Effective allocation of resources ensures sustainable development.” “The unequal allocation of wealth has widened the gap between the rich and the poor.” “Budget allocation must prioritize education and healthcare.”
🟦 三、allot
📘 音标：英 /əˈlɒt/ 美 /əˈlɑːt/
📘 词性：verb [T]
📘 词源：来自拉丁语 allotīre（分配签、分派），比 allocate 更为一般化、口语化。
✅ 1️⃣ 分配；分派（时间、金钱、工作等）
to give time, money, tasks, etc. to somebody/something as a share of what is available
📘 中文释义：
将时间、任务或金钱分派给某人或某用途。
📘 例句：
Each speaker was allotted five minutes. 每位发言者被分配了五分钟。 Half of the budget was allotted to public transportation. 一半的预算分配给公共交通。 The teacher allotted homework for the weekend. 老师布置了周末作业。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
allot time/money/tasks
分配时间/金钱/任务
The committee allotted time for each presentation.
allot sth to sb/sth
把……分配给……
Each region was allotted specific resources.
📘 区别（与 allocate）：
项目
allocate
allot
语气
正式、行政、机构用语
稍口语、一般分配
用途
资金、资源、任务
时间、工作、份额
常见场合
政府、学术、公司
日常、会议、教育
📘 同义词：assign, distribute, designate, share out
🎓 IELTS / Academic Examples
“Each department was allotted a fixed amount of funding.” “Students were allotted different topics for their research projects.”
🟦 四、allotment
📘 音标：英 /əˈlɒtmənt/ 美 /əˈlɑːtmənt/
📘 词性：noun [C, U]
📘 词源：名词形式，源自 allot。
✅ 1️⃣ 分配；份额；配额
an amount of something that has been officially given to somebody for a particular purpose
📘 中文释义：
被正式分配的份额、金额或时间。
📘 例句：
The allotment of funds will depend on project size. 资金分配取决于项目规模。 Each soldier received an allotment of supplies. 每个士兵都得到了分配物资。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
land allotment
土地分配
The farmers received land allotments from the government.
time allotment
时间分配
The time allotment for each section is strict.
budget allotment
预算配额
The budget allotment was finalized last month.
📘 英式特殊用法（英式生活）：
“an allotment” 也指 “城市居民租用的小块土地（用于种植蔬菜或花卉）”。
📘 例句：
He grows vegetables on his allotment. 他在自己租的菜园里种菜。
🟦 五、总结对比表（Summary Table）
词汇
词性
核心义
常见搭配
语体
雅思用法
allocate
v.
正式分配、拨出
allocate funds/resources
正式、行政
政府资金、教育资源
allocation
n.
分配（行为或结果）
resource/budget allocation
正式、学术
经济、资源管理
allot
v.
分派（时间、任务）
allot time/tasks
一般正式
考试、项目任务
allotment
n.
分配份额 / 土地
land/budget allotment
正式或英式生活用语
项目、预算、社会政策
🟦 六、IELTS高分句型模板
功能
示例句
资源分配
“Government funds should be allocated fairly across regions.”
学术用语
“The allocation of research grants determines innovation capacity.”
项目任务
“Each member was allotted a specific role in the project.”
总结分析
“Unequal allotment of land led to social tension.”
🌸 一句话总结：
allocate / allocation 偏正式、常用于资源与资金；
allot / allotment 稍口语，常用于时间、任务、土地；
四者都表示“分配”，但语气与使用场景略有差异，均为雅思写作高频学术词汇。
🟩 allow
📘 音标：英 /əˈlaʊ/ 美 /əˈlaʊ/
📘 词性：verb [T]
📘 词源（Etymology）：
来自古法语 alouer（批准、赞同），源自拉丁语 allaudare（称赞），后演变为“许可、容许、给予机会”。
🟦 一、主要含义（Definitions）
✅ 1️⃣ 允许；准许；许可
to let somebody do something; to let something happen
📘 中文释义：
准许某人做某事；允许某事发生。
📘 例句：
My parents don’t allow me to stay out late. 我父母不允许我晚归。 Smoking is not allowed in public buildings. 公共建筑内禁止吸烟。 The teacher allowed the students to leave early. 老师允许学生提前离开。
📘 常见搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
allow sb to do sth
允许某人做某事
The law allows citizens to protest peacefully.
be allowed to do sth
被允许做某事
You are allowed to use a calculator.
not allow sb/sth
不允许
They don’t allow pets in the dormitory.
allow for sth
考虑到、顾及（见下）
We must allow for delays.
✅ 2️⃣ 使成为可能；促成（使……可以发生）
to make it possible for somebody to do something or for something to happen
📘 中文释义：
使得某事可以进行或成为可能。
📘 例句：
The system allows students to access their grades online. 该系统让学生可以在线查询成绩。 Modern technology allows people to work from home. 现代科技使人们能够在家工作。 This agreement allows closer cooperation between nations. 该协议使各国能够更紧密合作。
📘 同义词：enable, permit, authorize, grant
📘 反义词：forbid, prevent, prohibit, ban
✅ 3️⃣ 考虑到；顾及（allow for sth）
to consider or include something when planning or calculating
📘 中文释义：
在计划、计算或决策时考虑某种情况或可能性。
📘 例句：
You should allow for traffic when planning your journey. 计划行程时应考虑交通状况。 The final price allows for inflation. 最终价格已考虑通货膨胀。
📘 搭配短语（Phrasal use）：
短语
含义
示例
allow for errors
考虑到误差
Scientists allow for errors in measurement.
allow for change
预留变化空间
The plan should allow for change.
✅ 4️⃣ 给予；留出（时间、金钱、空间等）
to provide time, money, or space for a particular purpose
📘 例句：
We must allow enough time to complete the project. 我们必须留出足够时间完成项目。 The budget allows for some flexibility. 预算中留有一定的灵活空间。
🟦 二、语法与结构（Grammar Notes）
结构
示例
allow sb to do sth
The teacher allowed students to leave early.
be allowed to do sth
You are allowed to park here.
allow of sth (正式/罕见)
The situation allows of no delay.（=容不得拖延）
allow for sth
We should allow for unexpected costs.
📘 注意：
❌ allow doing sth 是错误的。
✅ 必须用 allow sb to do sth 或被动 be allowed to do sth。
🟦 三、IELTS / Academic English 应用
✍️ Writing Task 2
“Technology allows people to communicate instantly across the world.” “The law should allow citizens to express their opinions freely.” “Governments must allow for regional differences when implementing policy.”
💬 Speaking
“My parents didn’t allow me to use social media when I was young.” “This new system allows employees to work from anywhere.” “You need to allow some extra time to catch the train.”
📌 Academic Collocations
搭配
中文释义
allow freedom / flexibility / access
给予自由 / 灵活性 / 访问权
allow development / growth / participation
促成发展 / 增长 / 参与
allow for variation / uncertainty / delay
考虑变动 / 不确定性 / 延误
🟦 四、词族与派生词（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
allow
v.
允许、容许
The system allows data sharing.
allowance
n.
津贴；允许量；宽容
He receives a monthly allowance.
allowable
adj.
可允许的
The allowable limit of pollution is strictly controlled.
disallow
v.
禁止，不认可
The referee disallowed the goal.
🟦 五、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
发音
/əˈlaʊ/
词性
verb [T]
核心义
允许、使可能、考虑到、留出
常见结构
allow sb to do sth / allow for sth / be allowed to do sth
常见搭配
allow access/time/freedom
反义词
forbid, ban, prevent
IELTS话题
Technology, Education, Law, Freedom, Society
使用提示
雅思高频动词，用于“许可、促成、考虑”，注意结构固定性
🌸 一句话总结：
allow 表示“允许、促成或考虑”，是雅思写作中替代 “let / make possible / permit” 的高分学术动词；常用于政府政策、教育制度、科技便利与社会自由等语境。
🟩 alloy
📘 音标：英 /ˈælɔɪ/ 美 /ˈælɔɪ/
📘 词性：noun [C, U]；verb [T, often passive]
📘 词源（Etymology）：
来自中古法语 aloi / aloyer，意为“熔合、混合金属”；源自拉丁语 alligare（bind together，结合）。
🟦 一、名词义（Noun）
✅ 1️⃣ 合金
a metal that is formed by mixing two or more metals, or by combining a metal and another substance
📘 中文释义：
由两种或以上金属（或金属与非金属）熔合而成的金属物质。
📘 例句：
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜和锌的合金。 Stainless steel is an alloy containing chromium. 不锈钢是一种含铬的合金。 This new lightweight alloy is used in aircraft manufacturing. 这种轻质合金用于飞机制造。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
metal alloy
金属合金
aluminium alloy
铝合金
bronze / brass alloy
青铜 / 黄铜合金
alloy steel
合金钢
light alloy
轻合金
📘 学术用途（IELTS / Science）：
常出现在科技、工程、材料科学、制造业类文章中。
“New alloys have improved the strength and flexibility of modern aircraft.”
🟦 二、动词义（Verb）
✅ 2️⃣ 使成合金；把（金属）熔合在一起
to mix one metal with another to form an alloy
📘 例句：
Gold is alloyed with copper to make it harder. 金与铜混合以增加硬度。 The metal was alloyed with silver for decorative purposes. 该金属与银合金化用于装饰。
✅ 3️⃣ （正式/比喻义）降低纯度；掺杂；使品质减损
(formal) to spoil something pure or perfect by adding something that is not good
📘 中文释义：
使某物的纯净、理想或高尚品质被削弱。
📘 例句：
His pleasure was alloyed with sadness. 他的喜悦中夹杂着悲伤。 The speech was alloyed by insincerity. 那场演讲被虚伪所玷污。
📘 近义词：taint, dilute, spoil, weaken
📘 反义词：purify, refine
🟦 三、语法结构与用法（Grammar Notes）
用法
示例
alloy A with B
Copper is alloyed with tin to make bronze.
be alloyed with sth
His happiness was alloyed with guilt. (比喻用法)
an alloy of A and B
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.
🟦 四、学术与IELTS应用（Academic / IELTS Usage）
语境
示例句
Materials Science
“Researchers are developing new titanium alloys for medical implants.”
Engineering
“This alloy resists corrosion and maintains strength at high temperatures.”
Metaphorical Use (Writing Task 2)
“In modern culture, joy is often alloyed with anxiety due to social pressure.”
🟦 五、派生词（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
alloy
n.
合金
The frame is made of a light alloy.
alloy
v.
使成合金；掺杂
Gold is alloyed with copper.
alloyed
adj.
合金的；掺杂的
Alloyed metals are stronger than pure ones.
unaloyed
adj.
未掺杂的；纯粹的
Unalloyed joy = 纯粹的快乐
🟦 六、雅思写作表达示例（IELTS Writing）
📘 Task 1（学术类）
“The engine components are made from high-strength titanium alloys, which can withstand extreme heat.”
📘 Task 2（学术类比喻用法）
“Freedom is rarely unalloyed; it is often accompanied by responsibility.”
🟦 七、总结表（Summary）
项目
内容
发音
/ˈælɔɪ/
词性
noun / verb
主要义
合金；使成合金；（比喻）掺杂
搭配
alloy of copper and zinc / light alloy / alloy with
反义词
purify, refine
IELTS主题
Science, Technology, Materials, Metaphor (Writing Task 2)
学术用法提示
既可用于理科（金属学）也可用于文学性表达（pure + alloyed feelings）
🌸 一句话总结：
alloy 既是理工类高频名词（合金），又可作正式动词或比喻义（“掺杂”），在 IELTS 写作中既能用于科技说明，也能提升抽象表达层次。
🟩 ally
📘 音标：英 /ˈælaɪ/ 美 /ˈælaɪ/（名词）
📘 音标：英 /əˈlaɪ/ 美 /əˈlaɪ/（动词）
📘 词性：noun [C]；verb [T, usually passive, +with/to]
📘 词源（Etymology）：
来自古法语 alier（联合、结盟），源自拉丁语 alligare（to bind to, 系在一起）。
🟦 一、名词义（Noun）
✅ 1️⃣ 同盟国；盟友（a country or person joined with others for a common purpose）
a country that has agreed officially to give help and support to another one, especially during a war
📘 中文释义：
同盟国；盟国；盟友；支持者。
📘 例句：
During World War II, Britain and the United States were allies. 第二次世界大战期间，英国和美国是盟国。 The two countries are close political allies. 这两个国家是亲密的政治盟友。 In this debate, teachers and parents are natural allies. 在这场辩论中，教师和家长是天然的同盟。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
military ally
军事盟友
France was Britain’s military ally.
strategic ally
战略伙伴
Japan is a strategic ally of the US.
political ally
政治盟友
The party’s political allies supported the bill.
ally against sth
反对某事的盟友
The NGOs formed an ally against corruption.
📘 IELTS学术语境：
常用于政府、国际关系、社会合作、环保或政治主题写作。
“Nations must work together as allies to tackle climate change.”
🟦 二、动词义（Verb）
✅ 2️⃣ 使结盟；联合；与……联盟
to give your support to another group or country
📘 中文释义：
与……结盟；联合；支持。
📘 例句：
Several countries allied themselves with the United States. 几个国家与美国结盟。 The environmental groups have allied with local communities. 环保组织与当地社区联合行动。 Small parties allied to the ruling coalition supported the motion. 与执政联盟结盟的小党派支持该提案。
📘 语法结构（Grammar Notes）：
结构
示例
ally (yourself) with sb/sth
The company allied itself with a foreign partner.
be allied with/to sb/sth
The UK is allied with the US on this issue.
🟦 三、比喻义与抽象用法（Figurative Uses）
(formal) to combine or connect two things that have a relationship or mutual benefit
📘 中文释义：
结合、联合（思想、原则、力量等）。
📘 例句：
Science must be allied with ethics to serve humanity. 科学必须与伦理相结合以造福人类。 In her writing, passion is allied to intelligence. 她的作品中激情与智慧融为一体。
📘 学术用法提示（IELTS Writing）：
该用法在学术或哲理类作文中常见，提升抽象表达层次：
“Economic growth should be allied with environmental protection.”
“Justice is often allied to compassion.”
🟦 四、派生词与相关词（Word Family）
词形
词性
含义
示例
ally
n.
盟友；同盟国
The two nations became allies.
ally
v.
结盟；联合
The group allied itself with reformers.
allied
adj.
同盟的；联合的
Allied forces liberated the city.
alliance
n.
联盟；同盟；联合
They formed an alliance for mutual defense.
unaligned
adj.
不结盟的
Some countries remained unaligned during the Cold War.
🟦 五、IELTS / Academic English 应用示例
📘 Writing Task 2
“Countries should ally with one another to combat global challenges.” “Economic development must be allied to environmental sustainability.” “Forming strategic alliances can enhance international cooperation.”
📘 Reading / Listening
常出现在政治、国际关系、军事或社会合作主题材料中。
“The Allied Powers defeated the Axis during World War II.”
🟦 六、搭配与短语（Useful Collocations）
搭配
中文释义
close ally
亲密盟友
traditional ally
传统盟友
natural ally
天然伙伴
former ally
曾经的盟友
ally oneself with sb/sth
与某人/某组织结盟
be allied with/to sb/sth
与……结盟、有关联
🟦 七、总结表（Summary Table）
项目
内容
发音
/ˈælaɪ/ (n.); /əˈlaɪ/ (v.)
词性
noun / verb
主要义
盟友；同盟国；结盟；联合
常见搭配
military ally / ally with / ally to / form an alliance
相关词
allied, alliance, unaligned
反义词
enemy, opponent, adversary
IELTS主题
International Relations, Politics, Environment, Ethics
学术表达提示
在抽象表达中可用作“结合、联合”——如 science allied with ethics
🌸 一句话总结：
ally 是兼具“政治同盟”与“思想联合”两层含义的高阶词汇；既可描述国家间合作，也能在雅思写作中表达抽象的“联合”或“融合”理念，如 “technology allied with humanity”。
🟩 almost
📘 音标：英 /ˈɔːlməʊst/ 美 /ˈɔːlmoʊst/
📘 词性：adverb（副词）
📘 词源（Etymology）：
源自中古英语 almoost（= all + most，意为“几乎完全”）。
🟦 一、核心释义（Main Definition）
✅ 几乎；差不多；将近
used to describe something that is nearly true or happens but not completely
📘 中文释义：
表示“几乎”“差一点”“将近”“差不多”。用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或数量表达。
📘 例句：
It’s almost midnight. 快到午夜了。 I’ve almost finished my homework. 我几乎完成了作业。 The movie was almost perfect. 那部电影几乎完美。 Almost all students passed the exam. 几乎所有学生都通过了考试。
📘 语气说明：
比 nearly 稍显正式或中性；语义上“距离完全发生更近一点”。
✅ almost = “接近实现”
✅ nearly = “差一点但没实现”
🟦 二、语法用法（Grammar and Position）
位置
示例
动词前
I almost cried when I heard the news.
形容词或副词前
The task is almost impossible. / He runs almost as fast as me.
数量表达前
Almost every student agreed. / Almost half of them left.
完成时或助动词间
She has almost always supported me.
⚠️ 注意：
❌ He almost never come here. → ✅ He almost never comes here.
（副词 almost 通常位于助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。）
🟦 三、常见搭配（Common Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
almost all / every / always / anyone / anything
几乎所有/总是/任何人
Almost all countries signed the treaty.
almost certainly / completely / impossible / identical
几乎确定/完全/不可能/相同
Their results are almost identical.
almost done / finished / gone / ready
差不多完成/消失/准备好
Dinner’s almost ready.
almost immediately / instantly
几乎立刻
The patient recovered almost immediately.
🟦 四、与 nearly 的区别（Comparison）
对比项
almost
nearly
语气
中性、正式
口语、非正式
常见搭配
almost every, almost perfect
nearly died, nearly there
使用频率
更常见于书面语、雅思写作
常见于口语
例句
He almost succeeded.
He nearly succeeded.
📘 在 IELTS 写作中更推荐使用 almost，语气更自然学术。
🟦 五、IELTS / Academic English 用法
📘 Writing Task 1（数据类）
The population almost doubled between 2000 and 2020. Employment in the service sector almost reached 80%. The figure for men was almost identical to that for women.
📘 Writing Task 2（论述类）
Education has almost become a universal right. In modern society, technology is almost inseparable from daily life.
📘 Speaking
I almost missed the bus this morning. It’s almost impossible to find cheap housing here.
🟦 六、固定搭配短语（Useful Phrases）
短语
中文释义
示例
almost all
几乎所有
Almost all my friends are online students.
almost always
几乎总是
He almost always arrives on time.
almost certainly
几乎肯定地
This will almost certainly cause inflation.
almost never
几乎从不
I almost never eat fast food.
almost the same
几乎相同
Their opinions are almost the same.
🟦 七、反义与近义（Synonyms & Antonyms）
类型
词汇
说明
近义词
nearly, practically, virtually, approximately
“几乎”“实际上”
反义词
completely, entirely, totally, absolutely
“完全”
📘 学术写作用法示例：
“The two results are virtually identical, or almost the same.”
（virtually、almost 都表示“几乎”）
🟦 八、总结表（Summary）
项目
内容
发音
/ˈɔːlməʊst/
词性
副词（adverb）
核心义
几乎；差不多；将近
常见搭配
almost all / almost finished / almost identical
反义词
completely, entirely
IELTS主题
数据描述、可能性、程度副词
写作替换词
nearly, virtually, practically
🌸 一句话总结：
almost 是表达“接近但未完全”的学术副词，用于修饰动词、形容词或数量，是雅思写作中替代 nearly、virtually 的高频高分副词。
🟩 alone
📘 音标：英 /əˈləʊn/ 美 /əˈloʊn/
📘 词性：adj.（形容词） / adv.（副词）
📘 词源（Etymology）：
源自古英语 all ana（= all one，意为“独自的、单独的”），后来融合成 alone。
🟦 一、主要释义（Main Meanings）
✅ 1️⃣ 独自的；单独的（without any other people）
without any other people; by yourself
📘 中文释义：
独自的；一个人的；没有别人陪伴的。
📘 例句：
She lives alone in a small apartment. 她独自住在一间小公寓里。 I don’t like eating alone. 我不喜欢一个人吃饭。 He was sitting alone in the dark. 他独自坐在黑暗中。
📘 搭配（Collocations）：
搭配
含义
示例
live alone
独居
She’s 80 but still lives alone.
work alone
独自工作
He prefers to work alone.
stand alone
独立存在；孤立无援
This building stands alone on the hill.
✅ 2️⃣ 仅仅；只（only）
used after a noun or pronoun to mean ‘only’
📘 中文释义：
仅仅；只；单单。
📘 例句：
The shoes alone cost $500. 光鞋子就花了500美元。 The name alone makes people nervous. 光听到这个名字就让人紧张。 Money alone cannot bring happiness. 光有钱不能带来幸福。
📘 语法说明：
“alone” 在这种意义下通常 放在名词后面，表示“仅仅……”。
✅ The price alone is enough to discourage buyers.
❌ Alone the price is enough…（语序错误）
✅ 3️⃣ （形容词）孤独的；寂寞的（feeling unhappy because you are separated from others）
feeling unhappy or sad because you have no friends or people to talk to
📘 中文释义：
孤单的；寂寞的。
📘 例句：
She felt very alone after her family moved away. 家人搬走后她感到非常孤单。 He’s not alone in feeling this way. 感到这样的人不止他一个。
📘 近义词：lonely（尤指情感上的孤独）
📘 区别：
单词
含义
示例
alone
只有一个人（客观）
She was alone at home.
lonely
感到孤独（主观）
She felt lonely without her friends.
🟦 二、语法与句法结构（Grammar Notes）
用法类型
示例
说明
作形容词
He was alone in the room.
描述状态
作副词
She lives alone.
修饰动词
名词后作后置定语
The President alone can decide this.
表“仅仅、只”
📘 常见句型：
be / feel / seem / remain + alone → She felt alone after moving abroad. 名词 + alone + 动词 → The design alone shows its quality.
🟦 三、常见搭配（Common Collocations）
搭配
含义
示例
leave sb alone
不打扰某人
Leave me alone!
stand alone
独立存在
This theory stands alone among its kind.
go it alone
独自去做
He decided to go it alone in business.
not alone in doing sth
不止他一个人……
You’re not alone in thinking that way.
time alone will tell
时间会证明一切
Time alone will tell who was right.
🟦 四、IELTS / Academic English 应用
📘 Writing Task 2
“Economic growth alone cannot solve social inequality.” “Education alone is not enough; experience also matters.” “Technology alone cannot guarantee progress.”
📘 解释：
此处 “alone” = “only” 的学术替代，更正式、更地道。
📘 Speaking
“I enjoy spending time alone sometimes.” “Do you prefer to travel alone or with friends?” “Living alone teaches you independence.”
🟦 五、同义与近义（Synonyms & Related Words）
类型
词汇
含义
同义
only, solely, merely, just
表示“仅仅”
近义（情感类）
lonely, isolated, single, independent
表示“孤独”“独立”
反义
together, accompanied, united
表示“在一起”
📘 区别要点：
alone → “独自”“单独”（客观事实） lonely → “感到孤独”（主观感受） only / solely → “仅仅”（数量或范围）
🟦 六、总结表（Summary）
项目
内容
发音
/əˈləʊn/
词性
adj. / adv.
核心义
独自的；单独的；仅仅
常见搭配
live alone / leave sb alone / alone in doing sth
近义词
only, lonely, solely
反义词
together, accompanied
IELTS主题
Independence, Society, Individualism, Psychology
写作亮点
“X alone cannot …” 是雅思高分表达句型
🌸 一句话总结：
alone 既能表达“独自”的客观状态，也能表达“仅仅”的限定含义；在雅思写作中，用 “X alone cannot…” 结构可自然地提出论点、表达限制，是典型的高分句型。
❄🌸Snow Cherry Blossom🌸❄ 