🏛️ annex
📘 音标: /əˈneks/ (美式) /ˈænɛks/ (英式亦可)
词性: verb(动词) & noun(名词)
🟩 一、词源与词根
📜 源自拉丁语 annectere(连接,附加),
词根 -nex / -nect- = “连接”(同源词:connect, nexus)。
🟦 二、动词意义 (verb)
1️⃣ 吞并;兼并(尤指领土)
to take control of a country, region or territory, especially by force or without permission
📖 中文释义:
(尤指用武力或未经同意)吞并,兼并(领土、国家等)
🔹 例句:
Germany annexed Austria in 1938. 德国于1938年吞并了奥地利。 The island was annexed by the United States in 1898. 这座岛于1898年被美国并入。 Russia’s attempt to annex Crimea in 2014 caused international condemnation. 俄罗斯在2014年吞并克里米亚的行为引发了国际谴责。
📘 语法结构:
annex sth (to sth) — 将某地并入某国或某区域 例:Britain annexed Hong Kong to its territory in the 19th century.
📘 语域:
正式 / 政治用语(formal; political / historical term) 在国际法、历史与政治学语境中高频出现。
2️⃣ 附加;添加(文件、条款等)
to add or attach something, especially a document, to a larger or more important one
📖 中文释义:
附加;添加(文件、附件、条约等)
🔹 例句:
An explanatory note was annexed to the report. 报告附有一份说明性附录。 The company annexed an additional statement to the contract. 公司在合同中附加了一份补充声明。
🟩 三、名词意义 (noun)
1️⃣ 附属建筑;扩建部分
a building that is added to or near a larger one and used for a related purpose
📖 中文释义:
附属建筑,扩建部分
🔹 例句:
The new library annex will open next year. 新的图书馆附属楼将于明年开放。 Our department has moved to an annex next to the main office. 我们部门搬到了主办公楼旁的附属楼。
📘 同义表达:
extension, wing, outbuilding
2️⃣ 附件;附录(正式用语)
an addition to a document, report or book
📖 中文释义:
(文件、报告、书籍的)附录,附件
🔹 例句:
For detailed statistics, see Annex A. 详细数据见附录A。 The treaty has three annexes dealing with trade and security issues. 该条约有三个附件,分别涉及贸易与安全问题。
🟦 四、常见搭配 (Collocations)
搭配
含义
示例
annex territory / land
吞并领土
The empire sought to annex neighboring territories.
annexed area / region
被吞并地区
The annexed region declared independence.
annex a document / appendix
附加文件
An additional table was annexed to the report.
library annex / office annex
附属建筑
The students study in the library annex.
treaty annex
条约附件
The annex outlines the implementation process.
🟩 五、同义词与反义词
类别
词汇
含义
✅ 同义词
seize, occupy, take over, attach, append
吞并,占领,附加
🚫 反义词
relinquish, cede, withdraw, detach
放弃,割让,分离
🟦 六、学术与雅思写作应用
✍️ 雅思写作 Task 2(政治 / 国际关系类)
Some powerful nations have historically annexed weaker territories to expand their influence. 一些强国在历史上曾吞并较弱的地区以扩大势力。 The international community condemned the attempt to annex foreign land by force. 国际社会谴责通过武力吞并他国领土的企图。 Historical annexations have often led to long-term regional conflicts. 历史上的吞并行为往往导致长期的地区冲突。
📘 学术写作(报告 / 文件)
The survey results are provided in Annex B of this report. 本报告的调查结果见附录B。 An extra table was annexed to support the argument. 附加了一张表格以支持论点。
🟩 七、词形变化 (Word Forms)
词形
词性
含义 / 用法
annexation
n.
吞并;附加(the act of annexing)
annexed
adj.
被并入的;附加的
annexing power
n. phr.
吞并国
re-annex
v.
再次吞并(少见)
📘 例句:
The annexation of territory violated international law. 吞并领土违反了国际法。 The annexed land remained under occupation for decades. 被吞并的土地被占领了数十年。
🟦 八、词源延伸 (Etymology & Related Words)
同根词
含义
connect
连接
nexus
联系,纽带
annexation
吞并,兼并
annexed
被并入的
inextricable
不可分割的(同词根 nex)
🟩 九、总结表
项目
内容
词性
动词 / 名词
发音
/əˈneks/
动词义
吞并(国家、领土);附加(文件)
名词义
附属建筑;附录
同义词
occupy, append, attach
反义词
cede, withdraw, detach
派生词
annexation (n.), annexed (adj.)
雅思话题
政治、国际关系、历史、学术文件结构
学术搭配
annex territory, annex document, library annex, treaty annex
🌸 一句话总结:
annex 既可表示“吞并领土”(政治 / 历史语境),
也可表示“附加文件或建筑”(学术 / 行政语境);
在雅思中是讨论国际法、历史冲突及正式报告结构的高级词汇。
🎉 anniversary
📘 音标: /ˌænɪˈvɜːsəri/ (英) | /ˌænɪˈvɜːrsəri/ (美)
词性: noun(名词)
🟩 一、词源
📜 源自拉丁语 anniversarius,由 annus(年)+ versus(转)组成,
原意为 “一年转一圈的日子”,即“周年纪念日”。
🟦 二、基本释义
1️⃣ 周年纪念日;周年纪念
the date on which an event happened in a previous year
📖 中文释义:
某事件发生的周年纪念日
🔹 例句:
Today is our wedding anniversary. 今天是我们的结婚周年纪念日。 The company is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year. 公司今年正在庆祝成立五十周年。 The country marked the tenth anniversary of independence. 该国纪念独立十周年。
📘 语法说明:
常与 of + 事件名词 搭配
the anniversary of the founding / the death / the victory / the signing
🟦 三、常见搭配 (Collocations)
搭配
含义
示例
celebrate / mark / commemorate an anniversary
庆祝 / 纪念周年
The museum held an exhibition to mark its 100th anniversary.
wedding anniversary
结婚周年纪念
They went on a trip for their 25th wedding anniversary.
first / tenth / golden / silver / diamond anniversary
一周年 / 十周年 / 金婚 / 银婚 / 钻石婚
Their golden anniversary was celebrated with family.
anniversary of independence / victory / death / founding
独立/胜利/逝世/成立纪念日
The anniversary of the revolution is a national holiday.
🟩 四、语法与用法
📘 可数名词:可与数词连用(如 the 10th anniversary)。
📘 常见结构:
on (the) anniversary of sth The ceremony took place on the anniversary of the battle. celebrate the anniversary of sth They celebrated the anniversary of their company’s founding.
🟦 五、同义词与相关表达
类型
词汇
说明
✅ 同义词
commemoration, jubilee
纪念活动;庆典(较正式)
💡 近义词
celebration, memorial day
庆祝日;纪念日(含义更广)
🔁 相关派生
annual (每年的)、annually (每年地)
同属词根 ann-(年)
🟩 六、学术与雅思用法
📚 在雅思写作与学术语境中,常用于社会、历史、文化类话题:
The museum was founded on the anniversary of the city’s establishment. 该博物馆在城市建成周年之日落成。 National anniversaries strengthen people’s sense of history and identity. 国家纪念日增强了人们的历史意识与身份认同。 The 75th anniversary of the UN was marked by a global virtual summit. 联合国成立75周年通过全球线上峰会纪念。
🟦 七、文化拓展
类型
英文表达
说明
wedding anniversary
结婚纪念日
如 silver wedding (25th), golden wedding (50th)
jubilee
(尤指国家或君主)周年庆典
如 Queen’s Platinum Jubilee(女王白金禧年)
founding anniversary
成立周年
常用于组织、公司、国家
memorial anniversary
逝世周年
如 the memorial anniversary of a leader
🟩 八、相关词族 (Word Family)
单词
词性
含义
annual
adj.
每年的
annually
adv.
每年地
annuity
n.
年金
annal(s)
n.
编年史
per annum
adv.
每年(拉丁表达)
📘 同根前缀 ann- / enn- = “year 年”
(如 annual, centennial, millennium)
🟦 九、语义拓展与比喻用法
虽然多指“周年纪念”,但在文学或正式语境中也可象征“周期性的回忆或反思”:
The anniversary of his death brought back a flood of memories.
他逝世周年之日让往事涌上心头。
🟩 十、总结表
项目
内容
词性
名词
发音
/ˌænɪˈvɜːsəri/
核心义
周年纪念日
常见搭配
wedding anniversary, mark/celebrate an anniversary
同义词
commemoration, jubilee
同根词
annual, annal, annuity
雅思用途
历史、文化、社会类作文(纪念、庆祝、传统)
🌸 一句话总结:
anniversary 指某事件的“周年纪念日”,
既可用于个人场合(如 wedding anniversary),
也广泛用于国家、机构、历史等正式语境,
是 雅思高频文化与社会类词汇。
📣 announce / announcement / announcer
🟩 一、核心词:announce
📘 音标: /əˈnaʊns/
词性: verb(动词)
🟦 1️⃣ 基本释义
to tell people something officially, especially about a decision, plan or event
📖 中文释义:
宣布;宣告;通知(尤指官方或正式地公布)
🔹 例句:
The government announced a new education policy yesterday. 政府昨天宣布了一项新的教育政策。 The results will be announced tomorrow morning. 结果将于明天早上公布。 She proudly announced her engagement to her family. 她自豪地向家人宣布订婚消息。
🟦 2️⃣ 语法结构
结构
含义
示例
announce sth
宣布某事
They announced their decision.
announce that + 从句
宣布某事(完整句)
The company announced that it would expand to Europe.
announce sth to sb
向某人宣布某事
The results were announced to the press.
be announced as + 职位/角色
被宣布为…
He was announced as the new ambassador.
📘 语域:
正式(formal),多用于官方、新闻、公司、政府等场合。
🟦 3️⃣ 同义表达
同义词
语气 / 用法
declare
正式、庄重(如 declare war)
proclaim
正式公开宣布(宗教、政治)
notify
正式通知(常用于书信、商业)
broadcast
广播发布
inform
告知(较中性)
🟦 4️⃣ 雅思与学术用例
📚 Writing Task 2 / 新闻类作文:
The government announced new measures to reduce pollution. 政府宣布了减少污染的新措施。 The university announced that tuition fees would increase by 5%. 大学宣布学费将上涨5%。
📚 Speaking / News topics:
The news was announced on television. 这条消息是在电视上公布的。
🟦 二、名词:announcement
📘 音标: /əˈnaʊnsmənt/
词性: noun
🟦 1️⃣ 基本释义
a public or formal statement giving information about something
📖 中文释义:
(公开或正式的)公告;声明;通知;宣布
🔹 例句:
The company made an announcement about its merger. 公司发布了有关合并的公告。 The government’s announcement caused widespread discussion. 政府的声明引发了广泛讨论。 There will be an important announcement on the news tonight. 今晚的新闻节目中将有一项重要宣布。
🟦 2️⃣ 常见搭配
搭配
含义
示例
make / issue / deliver an announcement
发布公告
The school issued an announcement of closure.
official / formal announcement
官方公告
The official announcement was released this morning.
public announcement
公开声明
A public announcement was made regarding the new policy.
announcement about / concerning sth
关于…的公告
The announcement about the budget cuts upset many employees.
🟦 3️⃣ 同义词
同义词
区别
declaration
正式声明(语气更庄重)
statement
一般陈述、声明(更常见)
proclamation
正式公告(多用于政治)
notice
通知(较简短、书面)
🟦 4️⃣ 雅思与学术用例
The announcement of new trade sanctions surprised the markets. 新贸易制裁的宣布令市场震惊。 Public announcements should be clear and transparent to avoid confusion. 公共公告应当清晰透明,以避免混乱。 Universities often make announcements about scholarship opportunities online. 大学常在网上发布奖学金通知。
🟩 三、名词:announcer
📘 音标: /əˈnaʊnsə(r)/
词性: noun
🟦 1️⃣ 基本释义
a person who introduces programmes, reads news or gives information on radio or television
📖 中文释义:
(广播或电视的)播音员,广播员,宣告者
🔹 例句:
The announcer introduced the next programme. 播音员介绍了下一个节目。 A radio announcer read out the breaking news. 一位电台播音员播报了突发新闻。
📘 延伸义:
在非媒体语境中,也可指“宣布者、主持人”。
The announcer welcomed all guests to the ceremony.
主持人欢迎了所有来宾。
🟦 2️⃣ 常见搭配
搭配
含义
示例
TV / radio announcer
电视 / 电台播音员
The radio announcer spoke clearly and slowly.
news announcer
新闻播报员
The news announcer interrupted the show for breaking news.
sports announcer / commentator
体育解说员
The sports announcer described the match vividly.
🟩 四、词形总结
词汇
词性
中文释义
典型搭配
announce
v.
宣布,通知
announce that…, announce sth to sb
announcement
n.
公告,声明,通知
make an announcement, official announcement
announcer
n.
播音员,宣布者
TV/radio announcer
🟦 五、同源词群 (Word Family)
单词
词性
含义
denounce
v.
谴责,公开指责
pronounce
v.
发音,宣布
renounce
v.
放弃,声明断绝关系
announcement
n.
公告
announcer
n.
播音员
📘 都源自拉丁语 nuntiare(报告、宣告),词根 -nounc- / -nunc- 表示 “说出、宣告”。
🟩 六、雅思写作与口语应用
📚 写作 Task 2:
The government recently announced a plan to invest in renewable energy. 政府最近宣布投资可再生能源计划。 Frequent announcements about policy changes can cause public confusion. 频繁的政策公告可能引发公众困惑。
📚 口语 Speaking Part 2(新闻话题):
“I heard an important announcement on the radio about a new environmental policy…”
📚 Writing Task 1(图表说明类):
According to the company’s announcement, sales increased by 15% last year.
🟩 七、总结表
项目
announce
announcement
announcer
词性
动词
名词
名词
中文
宣布;通知
公告;通知
播音员;宣告者
常用搭配
announce that…, announce to sb
make an announcement, public announcement
TV/radio announcer
同义词
declare, notify
declaration, statement
broadcaster
雅思用法
政策、新闻、学术信息
政府/公司公告
媒体话题、交流主题
🌸 一句话总结:
announce 是“正式宣布”;
announcement 是“公告或声明”;
announcer 则是“负责宣布的人(尤其是播音员)”。
三者构成语义清晰的动名词族,广泛用于雅思写作与新闻语境。
😣 annoy
📘 音标: /əˈnɔɪ/
词性: verb(动词)
🟩 一、词源
📜 源自中古法语 anoier(使困扰、烦扰),
来自拉丁语 inodiare(使厌烦),由 odium(憎恨、讨厌)演变而来。
➡️ 意为“让人感到烦恼或不快”。
🟦 二、基本释义
to make someone slightly angry or irritated
📖 中文释义:
使恼怒;使烦恼;打扰
🔹 例句:
His constant interruptions annoy me. 他不停的插话让我很烦。 It really annoys me when people talk loudly on the phone. 人们在电话里大声说话真让我生气。 I was annoyed to find the door locked. 发现门被锁上时我很生气。
🟦 三、语法结构
结构
含义
示例
annoy sb
使某人恼怒
Her behaviour really annoys me.
annoy sb with sth
因某事使某人恼火
He annoyed everyone with his bad jokes.
it annoys sb that…
某事让某人烦恼
It annoys me that she’s always late.
be annoyed at / about / with sb/sth
对……感到恼火
I was annoyed with myself for making that mistake.
📘 语气:
“轻度愤怒 / 烦躁”,不如 anger 强烈。
常用于口语、日常交流与正式写作中表达“轻微不满”。
🟩 四、同义词辨析
词汇
含义
语气强度
annoy
使烦恼(轻度)
😒 轻微烦
irritate
使恼怒(略正式,比 annoy 强)
😠 中等
anger
使生气(正式,情绪更强烈)
😡 强烈
provoke
激怒(有意挑衅)
😤 挑衅式
upset
使心烦(含情绪困扰)
😔 复杂情绪
📘 雅思写作建议:
在正式写作中,用 irritate 或 provoke 比 annoy 更书面。
但 annoy 适合描述一般社会心理或个人情绪。
🟦 五、常见搭配 (Collocations)
搭配
含义
示例
be annoyed with sb
对某人生气
She’s annoyed with her brother.
be annoyed about sth
对某事恼火
He’s annoyed about the delay.
be annoyed at doing sth
因做某事烦恼
She was annoyed at having to wait so long.
annoying habit / noise / person
令人烦的习惯 / 噪音 / 人
His annoying laugh got on my nerves.
annoy sb to death / to tears
极度烦恼(口语)
That sound annoys me to death!
🟩 六、派生词与词族 (Word Family)
单词
词性
含义
例句
annoyance
n.
烦恼;令人恼火的事
To my annoyance, the bus was late again.
annoyed
adj.
恼怒的;生气的
He was annoyed at the mistake.
annoying
adj.
令人烦恼的
The mosquitoes were really annoying.
📘 三者区分:
annoyed = 感到烦恼(人) annoying = 令人烦恼(事/人) annoyance = 烦恼(名词)
🟦 七、雅思与学术用例
📚 IELTS Writing Task 2 / Speaking:
Noise pollution from traffic often annoys residents living near busy roads. 交通噪音经常使住在繁忙道路附近的居民烦恼。 People are often annoyed by the excessive use of mobile phones in public places. 人们常常对公共场所过度使用手机感到恼火。 Social media notifications can be annoying distractions during work. 社交媒体通知可能是令人烦恼的干扰。
📚 Academic writing:
Customer annoyance can reduce satisfaction and brand loyalty. 顾客的烦恼情绪会降低满意度和品牌忠诚度。
🟩 八、词义延伸与语用小贴士
annoy 通常不用于严重冲突(那时应使用 anger 或 infuriate)。 英式英语中,也常见口语表达: Don’t get annoyed!(别生气啦!) It’s just a bit annoying.(这只是有点烦。)
🟦 九、总结表
项目
内容
词性
动词
发音
/əˈnɔɪ/
基本义
使烦恼;使恼怒
常见搭配
be annoyed with/about;annoying habit
同义词
irritate, bother, anger, upset
派生词
annoyed (adj.), annoying (adj.), annoyance (n.)
雅思话题
噪音、公共行为、社交习惯、科技干扰
🌸 一句话总结:
annoy 表示“让人感到烦恼或轻微生气”,
是表达不满的中性动词;
其派生词 annoyed / annoying / annoyance 在雅思写作与口语中非常实用。
📘 annual
音标: /ˈænjuəl/
词性: adjective(形容词) / noun(名词)
🟩 一、词源
来自拉丁语 annus(年) → annualis → 中世纪英语 annuale。
👉 含义:“每年一次的;一年的”。
🟦 二、释义与例句
1️⃣ 形容词:每年的;年度的
happening or done once every year
📖 中文释义: 每年一次的;一年的
🔹 例句:
The company’s annual meeting will be held in July. 公司的年度会议将在七月举行。 The annual rainfall in this area is very low. 这个地区的年降雨量很少。 Her annual income has increased steadily. 她的年收入稳定增长。
📘 常用搭配:
annual report 年度报告 annual income / salary 年收入 / 年薪 annual growth rate 年增长率 annual event / meeting / conference 年度活动 / 会议
2️⃣ 名词:年刊;年鉴;一年生植物
a book, magazine, or report published once a year
/ a plant that lives for only one year or season
📖 中文释义:
年刊;年鉴 一年生植物
🔹 例句:
The university publishes an annual of research papers. 这所大学出版一份年度研究论文集。 Marigolds are annuals that bloom beautifully in summer. 金盏花是一年生植物,夏天开得很美。
🟩 三、派生词与词族 (Word Family)
单词
词性
含义
示例
annually
adv.
每年地;一年一次地
The fair is held annually in spring. 春季每年举办一次。
biennial
adj.
两年一次的
The festival is a biennial event.
perennial
adj.
多年生的;长期的
Perennial plants live for many years.
🟦 四、语义区别(考试常考)
单词
含义
说明
annual
每年一次的
regular yearly event
yearly
每年(强调频率)
可与 annual 互换,但更口语化
perennial
多年生的 / 长期存在的
opposite of “annual” (植物用语或比喻性)
🟩 五、在雅思 / 托福写作中的常见搭配
📚 例句:
The company reported an annual growth rate of 5%. 公司报告的年增长率为5%。 The government issues an annual report on education quality. 政府每年发布教育质量年度报告。 The city holds an annual festival to attract tourists. 这座城市每年举办节庆活动吸引游客。
🟦 六、词义总结表
项目
内容
词性
形容词 / 名词
发音
/ˈænjuəl/
基本义
每年的;年度的;年刊;一年生植物
副词形式
annually
常见搭配
annual report / annual meeting / annual rainfall
同义词
yearly, once-a-year
反义词
perennial (多年生的;长期的)
🌸 一句话总结:
annual = “每年一次的 / 年度的”,
常用于“年会、年报、年收入”等正式场合;
名词时可指“年刊”或“一年生植物”。
📘 another
音标: /əˈnʌðər/
词性: determiner(限定词) / pronoun(代词)
🟩 一、词源
来自中古英语 an other → “one more / one other”(再一个、另一个)。
👉 “another” 实际上是 an + other 的合成词。
🟦 二、释义与例句
1️⃣ 【限定词 / 代词】另一个,再一个
one more person or thing; an additional one
📖 中文释义:
另一个;再一个;又一
🔹 例句:
Would you like another cup of tea? 要再来一杯茶吗? We need another hour to finish the report. 我们还需要一个小时完成报告。 She moved to another city last year. 她去年搬去了另一个城市。
📘 语法提示:
✅ 用在单数可数名词前:
another book, another student, another reason
✅ 或单独作代词使用:
I’ll have another, please.(我再来一个。)
2️⃣ 【限定词】不同的,另外的
different; distinct from the one already mentioned
📖 中文释义:
不同的;另一种的
🔹 例句:
That’s another problem we need to solve. 那是我们需要解决的另一个问题。 Let’s try another approach. 我们试试另一种方法。
3️⃣ 【固定搭配】表达“其他的若干”
搭配
含义
示例
another + number + plural noun
再……个
We need another two workers. 再需要两名工人。
one after another
一个接一个地
The guests arrived one after another. 客人们陆续到达。
one … after another
接连不断的
One mistake after another ruined the experiment. 一个又一个错误毁了实验。
🟩 三、语法对比(考试高频)
词汇
含义
区别
another
另一个(单数)
用于单数可数名词前:another student
other
其他的(复数或不可数)
other people, other information
the other
(两者中的)另一个
I have two pens; one is red, the other is blue.
others
其他人/物(代词)
Some like tea; others prefer coffee.
📌 雅思写作常见错误:
❌ another people → ✅ other people
❌ an another example → ✅ another example
🟦 四、在雅思/托福写作与口语中的运用
写作例句:
Another factor contributing to pollution is industrial waste. 造成污染的另一个因素是工业废弃物。 Governments should provide another means of public transport to reduce traffic congestion. 政府应提供另一种公共交通方式以缓解交通拥堵。
口语例句:
I’d like another chance to visit that country. 我希望能再去一次那个国家。 Let’s meet another day when you’re free. 改天你有空时我们再见面吧。
🟩 五、词义小结表
项目
内容
词性
限定词 / 代词
发音
/əˈnʌðər/
基本义
另一个;再一个;另一种的
常见搭配
another cup, another time, another reason
区分
another / other / the other / others
典型句型
another + 单数名词;another + 数词 + 复数名词
雅思话题应用
写作中用于论点递进(“另一个原因是……”)
🌸 一句话总结:
another = one more / one different,
表示“再一个”或“不同的一个”,常用于写作中列举论点或说明替代方案。
📘 answer
音标: /ˈɑːnsər/ (英) | /ˈænsər/ (美)
词性: noun(名词) / verb(动词)
🟩 一、词源
来自古英语 andswaru(回应、回答),由 and-(相对) + swaru(言语)组成。
👉 本义为 “a spoken reply to something said” → 延伸为 “response / solution / reaction”。
🟦 二、释义与例句
🔹 1️⃣ 名词 noun
(1) 回答;答复;答语
something that you say, write, or do to reply to a question or request
📖 中文释义: 回答;答复;回应
🔹 例句:
I didn’t get an answer to my question. 我没有得到我问题的回答。 She gave the wrong answer in the test. 她在测试中回答错误。
📘 常见搭配:
give an answer (作答) receive an answer (收到答复) a correct / clear / direct / short answer in answer to (作为对……的回答) → In answer to your letter, …
(2) 解决办法;答案(问题的解决方案)
a solution to a problem or question
📖 中文释义: 答案;解决办法
🔹 例句:
Science has no answer to this mystery. 科学对这个谜题没有答案。 The new system is not the answer to unemployment. 这个新制度不是失业问题的解决之道。
(3) 回应;反应;答辩(正式)
a reaction or response to something
🔹 例句:
The company issued an answer to the accusations. 公司对指控作出了回应。
🔹 2️⃣ 动词 verb
(1) 回答;答复
to say, write or do something as a reply
📖 中文释义: 回答;答复
🔹 例句:
Please answer the following questions. 请回答下列问题。 Nobody answered the phone. 没人接电话。
📘 常见搭配:
answer a question / call / email / letter answer somebody = reply to somebody 👉 She didn’t answer me.(她没有理我。)
(2) 满足;符合(要求、描述)
to be suitable for or match something
📖 中文释义: 符合;满足
🔹 例句:
The job answers my needs perfectly. 这份工作完全符合我的需要。
(3) 承担责任;因……受罚(正式/法律)
to be responsible for something; to face punishment for it
📖 中文释义: 负责;对……作出交代
🔹 例句:
He must answer for his crimes. 他必须为自己的罪行负责。
🟩 三、派生与词族 (Word Family)
单词
词性
含义
示例
answerable
adj.
需负责的;可解释的
He is answerable for his decisions.
unanswered
adj.
未回答的;无回应的
There are many unanswered questions.
🟦 四、语法与搭配区别
表达
含义
示例
answer sb.
回答某人(直接宾语)
She didn’t answer me.
answer sth.
回答某事
Please answer the question.
reply to sb./sth.
“answer”的更正式说法
She didn’t reply to the email.
respond to sb./sth.
强调反应行为
The company didn’t respond to criticism.
🟩 五、IELTS 学术写作与口语示例
✍️ 写作例句
There is no simple answer to global warming. 全球变暖没有简单的答案。 Technology alone cannot answer the challenges of poverty. 仅靠科技无法应对贫困问题的挑战。
🗣️ 口语例句
To answer your question, yes, I do believe education is essential. 回答你的问题,是的,我认为教育是至关重要的。 That’s a tough question to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
🟩 六、同义词对比
单词
含义
区别
answer
一般的回答或回应
最常见、最中性
reply
正式、书面回复
强调语言形式
response
对刺激或情况的反应
常用于学术或心理语境
solution
问题的解决办法
强调结果,不是语言回应
🟦 七、小结表
项目
内容
词性
n. & v.
发音
/ˈɑːnsər/
基本义
回答;答复;回应;解决办法
常见搭配
answer a question / answer the phone / in answer to
同义词
reply, response, solution
IELTS 高频话题
教育、科技、社会问题(回答问题 / 提供解决方案)
🌸 一句话总结:
answer 既可作 名词 表示“答案、答复”,也可作 动词 表示“回答、回应、负责”;
在雅思写作中常用于提出或回应问题,如 “the answer to this issue is…”。
🐜 ant
音标: /ænt/
词性: noun(可数名词 [C]*)
🟩 一、词源
来自古英语 ǣmette → 中世纪英语 ant,源自日耳曼语族词根,意为“勤劳的小昆虫”。
👉 “ant” 一词与 “勤奋、有组织” 的意象相关,在文学、生态、比喻语境中均常出现。
🟦 二、释义
🔹 ant
a small insect that lives in a complex social group with a queen, workers, and soldiers, usually building nests underground
📖 中文释义:
蚂蚁(一种群居昆虫,有蚁后、工蚁、兵蚁等,通常在地下筑巢)
🟩 三、例句(Oxford 级别例句)
An ant can carry objects several times its own weight. 蚂蚁能搬运比自己体重重好几倍的物体。 The garden was full of ants after the rain. 雨后花园里到处都是蚂蚁。 Ants are known for their teamwork and social structure. 蚂蚁以其团队协作和社会结构而闻名。
🟦 四、常见短语与搭配
短语
含义
示例
ant hill / ant nest
蚁丘 / 蚁巢
Children were watching an ant hill in the yard.
ant colony
蚁群
The ant colony can contain thousands of individuals.
ant farm
养蚁箱
He kept an ant farm to study their behavior.
like ants
像蚂蚁一样(形容数量多、活动忙碌)
People swarmed like ants into the stadium.
🟩 五、词族与派生(Word Family)
词汇
词性
含义
ant-like
adj.
像蚂蚁一样的;勤劳的
ant colony
n.
蚁群(社会性昆虫群体)
ant-hill
n.
蚁丘(蚂蚁筑的土堆)
ant farm
n.
蚁场;人工饲养蚂蚁的透明容器
🟦 六、文化与学术用法
📚 在生物学 (Biology)
Ants belong to the family Formicidae, order Hymenoptera, closely related to bees and wasps. (蚂蚁属于膜翅目、蚁科,与蜜蜂和黄蜂关系密切。) They exhibit complex social behavior, which is often studied in ecology and sociology. (它们展现出复杂的社会行为,常被用于生态学和社会学研究。)
🧠 在文学与比喻用法
“as busy as an ant” → 像蚂蚁一样忙碌 “ants in one’s pants” → (美式俚语)坐立不安、焦躁不安
🔹 例句(比喻性用法):
Children were as busy as ants preparing for the festival. 孩子们忙得像蚂蚁一样,为节日做准备。
🟩 七、在雅思语境中的用法
虽然 “ant” 是基础词,但在雅思阅读、听力中常出现在生物类和生态类主题中,例如:
Ants play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by recycling nutrients and aerating the soil.
蚂蚁通过循环营养物质和疏松土壤,在维持生态系统平衡中发挥关键作用。
📘 关键词搭配(IELTS 词组):
social insects 社会性昆虫 colony behavior 群体行为 division of labor 劳动分工 ecosystem balance 生态平衡
🟦 八、小结表
项目
内容
词性
名词 (C)
发音
/ænt/
中文义
蚂蚁
学术领域
生物学、生态学、比喻文学
常见搭配
ant colony, ant hill, like ants
比喻用法
as busy as an ant; ants in one’s pants
IELTS 话题
环境、生态系统、自然界合作机制
🌸 一句话总结:
ant 指“蚂蚁”,象征勤奋、合作与秩序;
在雅思阅读中常用于生态与社会性行为主题。
⚔️ antagonism / antagonist
🟩 一、词源(Etymology)
来自希腊语 antagonizesthai(意为“与……对抗、竞争”),词根为:
anti-(反对) + agon(斗争、竞赛)
👉 “antagonism” = 对抗、敌对;“antagonist” = 对手、敌人。
🟦 二、词义详解
1️⃣ antagonism
📘 noun /ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/ [U]
meaning: feelings of hatred and opposition; active hostility between people or groups.
中文释义: 敌对,对抗,对立,敌意。
🔹 例句:
There is a long history of antagonism between the two nations. 这两个国家之间有长期的敌对历史。 His speech reflected a deep antagonism towards social inequality. 他的演讲反映了他对社会不平等的强烈反感。 Industrial workers often felt antagonism towards the wealthy class. 产业工人常对富裕阶层怀有敌意。
📘 常见搭配:
搭配
中文释义
示例
political / racial / class antagonism
政治 / 种族 / 阶级对立
The reform ended years of class antagonism.
mutual antagonism
相互敌视
There was mutual antagonism between the two parties.
show / feel / express antagonism
表现 / 感受 / 表达敌意
The reformers felt strong antagonism from traditionalists.
📘 学术领域常见用法:
Psychology: 情感上的敌对态度。 Sociology / Politics: 群体、意识形态或国家之间的对立。 Biology / Pharmacology: 药物拮抗作用(例如 drug antagonism)。
🔹 生物学例句:
There is a clear antagonism between the two antibiotics.
这两种抗生素之间存在明显的拮抗作用。
2️⃣ antagonist
📘 noun /ænˈtæɡənɪst/ [C]
meaning:
① a person who strongly opposes or fights against another; an opponent or enemy.
② (literature) the character in a story who opposes the main character (the protagonist).
③ (biology / medicine) a substance that blocks or reduces the effect of another.
📖 中文释义:
对手;敌人;反对者 (文学中)反派,对立人物 (生理 / 药理)拮抗物
🔹 例句(通用义):
In the novel, the antagonist tries to destroy the hero’s reputation. 在小说中,反派试图毁掉主角的名声。 She regarded him as her political antagonist. 她把他视为政治上的对手。 The two leaders have long been antagonists on the issue of trade. 两位领导人在贸易问题上长期对立。
🔹 例句(生物 / 药理义):
Beta blockers act as antagonists to adrenaline. β受体阻断剂作为肾上腺素的拮抗物起作用。
📘 常见搭配:
搭配
中文释义
main / chief antagonist
主要对手 / 主要反派
political / ideological antagonist
政治 / 意识形态上的对立者
drug / receptor antagonist
药物 / 受体拮抗物
🟩 三、词族与派生词 (Word Family)
单词
词性
含义
示例
antagonism
n.
敌对,对抗
racial antagonism 种族对立
antagonist
n.
对手,反派
the antagonist in the story 小说中的反派
antagonistic
adj.
敌对的,对立的
She was openly antagonistic to the plan.
antagonize
v.
引起反感,使敌对
He managed to antagonize almost everyone.
🟦 四、在雅思与学术写作中的应用
适合话题: 政治冲突、社会阶级、国际关系、心理学、人际矛盾
🔹 IELTS Writing Task 2 示例:
Economic inequality can lead to social antagonism and political instability. 经济不平等可能导致社会对立与政治不稳定。 Some political leaders antagonize the public by ignoring their demands. 一些政治领导人因无视民众诉求而激起民愤。 The antagonist in literature often represents social corruption or moral weakness. 文学中的反派人物常象征社会腐败或道德堕落。
🟩 五、小结对比表
项目
antagonism
antagonist
词性
名词(U)
名词(C)
含义
敌意;对立;冲突
对手;敌人;反派
学术用法
指“对立状态”
指“对立的人或物”
生物学义
拮抗作用
拮抗物(物质)
常见搭配
racial antagonism / mutual antagonism
main antagonist / drug antagonist
🌸 一句话总结:
antagonism 是“敌对状态”;
antagonist 是“敌对的人 / 事物”;
两者常用于政治、文学、生物、心理等学术语境,
体现“对立、冲突、反抗”的核心概念。
🧊 Antarctic
🟩 一、词源(Etymology)
来自希腊语 antarktikos:
anti-(相对的、反的) + arktikos(北方的、北极的)
👉 意为“与北极相对的地区” → “南极的”。
🟦 二、词义详解
1️⃣ Antarctic
📘 adjective /ænˈtɑːktɪk/
(美式 /ænˈtɑːrktɪk/)
meaning: relating to the regions around the South Pole.
中文释义: 南极的;南极地区的。
🔹 例句:
The Antarctic climate is extremely cold and dry. 南极的气候极其寒冷干燥。 Antarctic explorers faced harsh conditions during their expeditions. 南极探险者在探险中面临恶劣的条件。 The Antarctic ice sheet is melting at an alarming rate. 南极冰盖正以惊人的速度融化。
📘 常见搭配:
搭配
中文释义
Antarctic Circle
南极圈
Antarctic Ocean / Southern Ocean
南冰洋
Antarctic continent
南极大陆
Antarctic ice cap / ice sheet
南极冰盖
Antarctic expedition / research
南极探险 / 研究
2️⃣ the Antarctic
📘 noun [S]
meaning: the area or region around the South Pole, especially the continent of Antarctica and surrounding seas.
中文释义: 南极地区(包括南极大陆及其周围海域)。
🔹 例句:
Penguins are native to the Antarctic. 企鹅原产于南极地区。 Many countries have established scientific bases in the Antarctic. 许多国家在南极建立了科学考察站。 The Antarctic plays a vital role in regulating the Earth’s climate. 南极在调节地球气候方面起着至关重要的作用。
🟩 三、相关词与派生词 (Word Family)
单词
词性
含义
示例
Antarctic
adj. / n.
南极的;南极地区
The Antarctic is covered by ice.
Antarctica
专有名词
南极洲(大陆名)
Scientists study Antarctica’s ecosystems.
Arctic
adj. / n.
北极的;北极地区
The Arctic is warming rapidly.
🔹 对比:
对比项
Arctic
Antarctic
所在位置
北极
南极
陆地结构
海洋被陆地环绕
大陆被海洋环绕
动物代表
北极熊 (polar bear)
企鹅 (penguin)
人类居住
有原住民
无原住民
🟦 四、学术用法(IELTS / TOEFL)
常见话题:
🌍 气候变化、生态系统、地理、科学研究、环境保护
🔹 IELTS Writing Task 2 示例:
Global warming is accelerating the melting of Antarctic ice sheets. 全球变暖正在加速南极冰盖的融化。 International cooperation is crucial to preserve the fragile Antarctic environment. 国际合作对于保护脆弱的南极环境至关重要。
🔹 Academic Reading 典型表达:
“The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 protects the continent from military activity and mineral exploitation.”
“1959 年《南极条约》保护南极大陆免受军事活动和资源开采的影响。”
🟩 五、拓展文化与科学背景
🌐 The Antarctic Treaty (南极条约): 签订于 1959 年,规定南极只能用于和平与科学目的,禁止任何军事或采矿活动。 🧬 Scientific importance: 南极是气候研究、冰川学、天文学和生物学的重要基地。 🐧 Typical fauna: 企鹅 (penguins)、海豹 (seals)、磷虾 (krill) 是南极生态系统的代表。
🟩 六、总结对比表
词汇
词性
含义
示例
Antarctic
adj.
南极的
Antarctic research station
the Antarctic
n.
南极地区
Penguins live in the Antarctic.
Antarctica
专有名词
南极洲
Antarctica is the coldest continent.
Arctic
adj./n.
北极的 / 北极地区
The Arctic ice is melting.
🌸 一句话总结:
Antarctic 表示“南极的”,
the Antarctic 是“南极地区”,
而 Antarctica 是“南极大陆”。
这三个词在学术英语中常用于气候、环境与科学研究主题。
