单词A25

🟦 arbitrary

🔹发音

/ˈɑːbɪtrəri/(英) /ˈɑːrbɪtreri/(美)

🔹词性

形容词(adjective)

🔹1️⃣ 基本释义

based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system

任意的;随心所欲的;武断的;专断的

表示行为或决定没有明确标准、逻辑或原则,而是出于个人意愿或偏见。

📘 例句:

The choice of players seemed completely arbitrary.  队员的选择看起来完全是随意的。 The decision was arbitrary, not based on evidence.  这个决定是武断的,没有依据。 An arbitrary ruler can easily abuse power.  一个专断的统治者很容易滥用权力。

🔹2️⃣ 常见用法与搭配

搭配

含义

arbitrary decision / rule / action

武断的决定/规则/行为

arbitrary power / authority

专断的权力

arbitrary choice / selection

随意的选择

arbitrary detention

任意拘留(法律术语)

📘 法律/政治常用:

“arbitrary arrest” → 任意逮捕

“arbitrary rule” → 专断统治

🔹3️⃣ 同义词与反义词

类型

单词

含义

✅ 同义词

random

随机的,没有规律的

subjective

主观的

autocratic

独裁的,专制的

capricious

反复无常的,任性的

❌ 反义词

rational

理性的

systematic

系统的,有规则的

logical

合乎逻辑的

fair

公正的

🔹4️⃣ 学术写作用法(IELTS / Academic English)

“arbitrary” 是写作 Task 2 中非常高级的形容词,常用来批评缺乏逻辑或证据的行为、政策或判断。

📗 高级写作句型:

The grading system should not be arbitrary but based on objective criteria.  评分体系不应是主观武断的,而应基于客观标准。 Many people criticize the government for making arbitrary decisions without public consultation.  许多人批评政府在没有公众参与的情况下作出专断决定。 Scientific conclusions must be supported by data rather than arbitrary assumptions.  科学结论必须有数据支持,而不是基于随意的假设。

📘 常用搭配词(雅思/学术写作):

arbitrary decision / arbitrary policy / arbitrary interpretation / arbitrary criteria / arbitrary limit

🔹5️⃣ 派生词

词形

词性

含义

示例

arbitrarily

adv.

任意地;武断地

The rules were applied arbitrarily. 规则被随意地执行。

arbitrariness

n.

任意性;武断性

The arbitrariness of the decision angered the public. 决定的武断性激怒了公众。

🔹6️⃣ 常见搭配与例句

短语

含义

示例句

arbitrary distinction

人为划分,任意区分

The arbitrary distinction between “skilled” and “unskilled” workers is outdated.

arbitrary restriction

无理的限制

Such arbitrary restrictions violate basic human rights.

arbitrary rule

专横的规定

Students objected to the arbitrary rules imposed by the administration.

arbitrary arrest/detention

任意拘捕

Human rights groups condemned the arbitrary detention of protesters.

🔹7️⃣ 在不同语境中的含义

语境

含义

示例

日常生活

随意的、没有依据的

Her decision seemed arbitrary.

学术研究

缺乏系统或逻辑的

Avoid arbitrary assumptions in your research.

法律与政治

滥用权力、专断的

The regime is accused of arbitrary rule.

🟩 八、总结

项目

内容

词性

形容词(adj.)

发音

/ˈɑːbɪtrəri/

核心含义

任意的;主观的;武断的;专断的

派生词

arbitrarily (adv.);arbitrariness (n.)

常见搭配

arbitrary decision / arbitrary rule / arbitrary detention

学术用途

批评缺乏客观标准或逻辑的行为、判断、政策等

✅ 总结句:

arbitrary (adj.) — based on personal will or random choice, not on reason or system; subject to individual discretion.

意为: 任意的;主观武断的;专断的。

📘 常用表达:arbitrary decision, arbitrary rule, arbitrary power, arbitrary detention。

🟦 arbitrate / arbitration / arbitrator

🔹1️⃣ arbitrate

🔸词性

动词(verb)

🔸发音

/ˈɑːbɪtreɪt/(英) /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/(美)

🔸基本释义

to officially settle an argument or decide between two sides in a dispute

仲裁;公断;裁决

指作为中立方解决争端(如公司纠纷、劳资纠纷、国家争端等),通常是非诉讼的正式程序。

📘 例句:

The two companies agreed to arbitrate their dispute.  两家公司同意通过仲裁解决争端。 The UN was invited to arbitrate in the conflict.  联合国被邀请来调解这场冲突。 She was asked to arbitrate between the two parties.  她被请来在双方之间仲裁。

🔸常见搭配

搭配

含义

arbitrate a dispute / case / conflict

对争端、案件、冲突进行仲裁

arbitrate between A and B

在双方之间仲裁

agree to arbitrate

同意进行仲裁

arbitrate in favor of sb.

裁决支持某人一方

🔹2️⃣ arbitration

🔸词性

名词(noun)

🔸发音

/ˌɑːbɪˈtreɪʃən/(英) /ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃən/(美)

🔸基本释义

the process of settling a dispute outside the courts by an impartial person or panel

仲裁;公断;裁决

是一种替代诉讼(alternative dispute resolution, ADR)的正式法律程序。

与 arbitrate 不同,它指整个仲裁的过程或制度。

📘 例句:

The dispute will be settled by arbitration.  争端将通过仲裁解决。 Both sides agreed to go to arbitration instead of court.  双方同意通过仲裁而非诉讼来解决。 The contract includes a clause for international arbitration.  合同中包含国际仲裁条款。

🔸常见搭配

搭配

含义

arbitration clause

仲裁条款(合同中规定的仲裁机制)

arbitration award

仲裁裁决书

international arbitration

国际仲裁

arbitration tribunal / panel

仲裁庭

binding arbitration

具有约束力的仲裁

🔹3️⃣ arbitrator

🔸词性

名词(noun)

🔸发音

/ˈɑːbɪtreɪtə(r)/(英) /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪtər/(美)

🔸基本释义

a person officially appointed to settle a dispute

仲裁人;公断人

指被正式授权作出裁决的人(通常具有法律或行业专业背景)。

📘 例句:

An independent arbitrator was appointed to resolve the dispute.  一名独立的仲裁人被任命来解决争端。 The arbitrator’s decision is final and legally binding.  仲裁人的决定是最终且具有法律效力的。

🔸常见搭配

搭配

含义

neutral arbitrator

中立仲裁人

appointed arbitrator

指定的仲裁人

chief arbitrator

首席仲裁人

panel of arbitrators

仲裁小组

🔹4️⃣ 三者关系总结

词汇

词性

中文含义

语法功能

示例

arbitrate

动词

仲裁,裁决

动作

The committee will arbitrate the dispute.

arbitration

名词

仲裁(过程或制度)

名词

The case went to arbitration.

arbitrator

名词

仲裁人,公断人

人物

The arbitrator decided in favor of the workers.

🔹5️⃣ 同源词与扩展

单词

词性

含义

arbitral

adj.

仲裁的(如 arbitral award 仲裁裁决)

arbitrage

n.

套利(经济学术语,与 arbitrate 不同)

arbiter

n.

裁决者,权威(更广义,如 arbiter of taste 审美裁判)

🔹6️⃣ 学术与实际应用场景

📘 法律/国际关系:

The dispute was referred to international arbitration.  争端被提交至国际仲裁机构。

📘 商业/合同:

An arbitration clause is included to avoid lengthy court proceedings.  合同中加入仲裁条款以避免漫长的诉讼程序。

📘 日常冲突解决:

A teacher may arbitrate between two students in conflict.  老师可能在冲突的两个学生之间充当调解人。

🟩7️⃣ 总结表

词汇

词性

发音

中文释义

常用搭配

arbitrate

v.

/ˈɑːbɪtreɪt/

仲裁;公断

arbitrate a dispute

arbitration

n.

/ˌɑːbɪˈtreɪʃən/

仲裁(过程)

arbitration clause / international arbitration

arbitrator

n.

/ˈɑːbɪtreɪtə(r)/

仲裁人

neutral arbitrator / chief arbitrator

✅ 一句话总结:

To arbitrate is to act as an arbitrator and carry out arbitration — 即“仲裁人(arbitrator)进行仲裁(arbitration)的行为(arbitrate)”。

🟦 arc

🔹发音

/ɑːk/(英) /ɑːrk/(美)

🔹词性

名词(noun) | 动词(verb)

🔹1️⃣ 名词义项(n.)

🔸① (几何)弧;弧形;弧线

a curved shape or line forming part of a circle

弧;弧线;弧形结构

指圆或曲线的一部分,在几何学、建筑、工程中常用。

📘 例句:

The ball followed an arc through the air.  球在空中划出一条弧线。 The rainbow formed a beautiful arc across the sky.  彩虹在天空中形成一道美丽的弧形。 The moon rose in an arc above the horizon.  月亮沿着弧线升上地平线。

📘 常见搭配:

搭配

含义

arc of a circle

圆弧

circular arc

圆形弧线

arc length

弧长

arc shape / arc form

弧形

🔸② (电学)电弧

a luminous discharge of electricity between two electrodes

电弧(由放电产生的光)

📘 例句:

The arc of an electric spark can reach very high temperatures.  电火花的电弧温度极高。 An arc lamp was used to light the street.  街灯使用了电弧灯。

📘 常见术语:

表达

含义

electric arc

电弧

arc welding

电弧焊

arc lamp

电弧灯

arc furnace

电弧炉

🔸③ (文学 / 戏剧 / 影视)情节弧线;人物弧线

the development or transformation of a character or storyline over time

(故事)情节走向;人物成长轨迹

在文学、影视和叙事学中常见,指角色或情节从开端到结局的变化过程。

📘 例句:

The hero’s emotional arc makes the story compelling.  主人公的情感变化弧线使故事引人入胜。 The film follows the character arc of a woman discovering her true strength.  电影讲述了一位女性发现自己真正力量的人物成长弧线。

📘 常用搭配:

搭配

含义

character arc

人物弧线

narrative arc / story arc

故事情节走向

emotional arc

情感变化轨迹

dramatic arc

戏剧结构弧线

🔹2️⃣ 动词义项(v.)

🔸① 呈弧形;做弧形运动

to move or form a curve like an arc

呈弧形移动;沿弧线延伸

📘 例句:

The bridge arcs gracefully over the river.  桥优雅地在河上拱起成弧。 The missile arced high into the sky before descending.  导弹在空中划出弧线后下落。 Her hand arced through the air as she threw the ball.  她抛球时手臂在空中划出弧形。

🔹3️⃣ 词源

来自拉丁语 arcus(弓、拱、弧),

与 arch(拱形)同源。

🔹4️⃣ 同义词与对比

词汇

含义

区别

curve

弯曲线条

泛指任何弯曲形状

arch

拱形结构

常指建筑或桥梁结构

bow

弓形

更强调“弯曲姿势”或“弓形物体”

trajectory

轨迹

常用于物体运动路线,非静态形状

🔹5️⃣ 学术 / 工程用法(IELTS & Academic English)

📘 物理学 / 工程学:

Arc welding is a common technique in metal fabrication.  电弧焊是金属制造中常见的技术。 The arc length of the curve can be calculated by integration.  这条曲线的弧长可通过积分求出。

📘 文学与写作:

The narrative arc provides coherence and emotional depth in fiction.  情节弧线为小说提供连贯性和情感深度。

🔹6️⃣ 派生与相关词

词汇

词性

含义

arched

adj.

拱形的;弯曲的

arch

n./v.

拱门;拱起

arcade

n.

拱廊

arcuate

adj.

弧形的(学术词汇)

🟩7️⃣ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词 / 动词

发音

/ɑːk/

核心义

弧;弧线;弧形运动;电弧

引申义

情节弧线;人物发展轨迹

常见搭配

arc of a circle / electric arc / character arc / arc welding

同源词

arch, arcuate

✅ 一句话总结:

arc (n./v.) — a curved shape or movement, or a storyline’s rise and fall; also, an electric discharge between two points.

意为:弧、弧线、弧形运动、电弧;(故事)情节弧线。

🟦 arch / archaeologist / archaeology / architect / architecture

🔹1️⃣ arch

🔸发音

/ɑːtʃ/(英) /ɑːrtʃ/(美)

🔸词性

名词(n.) | 动词(v.) | 形容词(adj.)

🔹① 名词:拱;拱门;拱形结构

a curved structure supporting the weight above it, as in a bridge or doorway

拱;拱门;拱形结构

📘 例句:

A stone arch supports the bridge.  石拱支撑着桥梁。 The triumphal arch is a symbol of victory.  凯旋门是胜利的象征。 A row of arches lined the corridor.  走廊两旁排列着一排拱门。

📘 常见搭配:

搭配

含义

triumphal arch

凯旋门

Gothic arch

哥特式拱形

arched window / ceiling

拱形窗 / 天花板

arch bridge

拱桥

🔹② 动词:拱起;呈弧形

to form or make something form a curved shape

拱起;成弧形

📘 例句:

The cat arched its back.  猫拱起了背。 The bridge arches over the river.  桥拱跨在河上。

🔹③ 形容词(少见用法):“主要的;狡黠的”

arch (adj.) — “chief, principal” 或 “playfully mischievous”

📘 例句:

He gave her an arch smile.  他露出一个狡黠的微笑。

🟩词源

来自希腊语 arkhos(首领,统治者) → 拉丁语 arcus(弓形) → 英语 arch(拱形结构)。

🔹2️⃣ archaeologist

🔸发音

/ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/(英) /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒɪst/(美)

🔸词性

名词(n.)

🔸释义

a person who studies human history through the excavation of sites and analysis of artefacts

考古学家

📘 例句:

Archaeologists discovered ancient tools near the river.  考古学家在河边发现了古代工具。 The site is being examined by a team of archaeologists.  一个考古队正在研究这个遗址。

📘 常见搭配:

搭配

含义

field archaeologist

野外考古学家

marine archaeologist

海洋考古学家

archaeologist’s findings

考古发现

🔹3️⃣ archaeology

🔸发音

/ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/(英) /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒi/(美)

🔸词性

名词(n.)

🔸释义

the scientific study of past human life and culture by the recovery and examination of material remains

考古学

📘 例句:

Archaeology reveals how ancient civilizations lived.  考古学揭示了古代文明的生活方式。 She majored in archaeology at university.  她大学主修考古学。

📘 常见搭配:

搭配

含义

prehistoric archaeology

史前考古学

classical archaeology

古典考古学

archaeology department / museum

考古学系 / 博物馆

🔹4️⃣ architect

🔸发音

/ˈɑːkɪtekt/(英) /ˈɑːrkɪtekt/(美)

🔸词性

名词(n.)

🔸释义

a person who designs buildings and supervises their construction

建筑师;设计师

📘 例句:

He is a famous architect who designed the new opera house.  他是一位著名建筑师,设计了那座新歌剧院。 Every project needs a good architect to plan its structure.  每个项目都需要优秀的建筑设计师来规划结构。

📘 引申用法(抽象意义):

a person who plans or creates a system or idea

(比喻)缔造者;策划者

📘 例句:

He was one of the main architects of the peace agreement.  他是该和平协议的主要起草人之一。

📘 常见搭配:

搭配

含义

landscape architect

景观设计师

chief architect

总建筑师

naval architect

造船工程师

architect of reform

改革的设计者(比喻)

🔹5️⃣ architecture

🔸发音

/ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/(英) /ˈɑːrkɪtektʃər/(美)

🔸词性

名词(n.)

🔸释义

the art and science of designing and constructing buildings

建筑学;建筑风格;结构体系

📘 例句:

She studied architecture at Cambridge.  她在剑桥大学学习建筑学。 The city is famous for its modern architecture.  这座城市以现代建筑风格著称。 The architecture of the brain is incredibly complex.  大脑的结构体系极其复杂。

📘 常见搭配:

搭配

含义

modern / classical architecture

现代 / 古典建筑

Gothic / Baroque architecture

哥特式 / 巴洛克式建筑

software architecture

软件架构

architectural design / style

建筑设计 / 风格

🔹6️⃣ 五词对照总结表

单词

词性

发音

含义

典型语境

arch

n./v.

/ɑːtʃ/

拱形,拱起

建筑、结构、几何

archaeologist

n.

/ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/

考古学家

科研、历史

archaeology

n.

/ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/

考古学

学术研究

architect

n.

/ˈɑːkɪtekt/

建筑师;策划者

建筑、政治、项目

architecture

n.

/ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/

建筑学;建筑风格;结构

工程、学术、科技

🔹7️⃣ 词根延伸

词根

含义

代表词汇

arch-

主要的;统治的

monarch(君主),archbishop(大主教)

archae-

古代的;原始的

archaeology(考古学),archaeopteryx(始祖鸟)

✅ 一句话总结:

Arch 意为“拱形”或“首要”;

Archaeology 是“研究古代文明的科学”;

Architect / Architecture 分别是“建筑师”与“建筑学/风格”。

🟦 arctic

🔹发音

/ˈɑːktɪk/(英) /ˈɑːrktɪk/(美)

🔹词性

形容词(adj.) | 名词(n.)

🔸① 形容词:北极的;极冷的

relating to or characteristic of the regions around the North Pole; extremely cold

北极的;极寒的

📘 例句:

Arctic animals can survive in freezing conditions.  北极动物能在冰冷环境中生存。 The temperature dropped to arctic levels last night.  昨晚气温降到了极寒水平。 She shivered in the arctic wind.  她在刺骨的寒风中发抖。

📘 常见搭配:

搭配

含义

Arctic Circle

北极圈

Arctic Ocean

北冰洋

Arctic climate

北极气候

Arctic fox / bear

北极狐 / 北极熊

arctic wind / air

寒风 / 冷空气

🔸② 名词:北极地区

the regions around the North Pole

北极地区

📘 例句:

Few people live permanently in the Arctic.  北极地区几乎没有人长期居住。 Scientists study the Arctic to understand climate change.  科学家研究北极地区以了解气候变化。

🔹词源

来自希腊语 arktikos(“北方的;熊的”),源自 arktos(熊)——古人以“北斗七星”(Great Bear)指代北方。

🔹拓展词汇

词汇

含义

Antarctic

南极的;南极地区(相反方向)

Arctic Ocean

北冰洋

subarctic

亚北极的(略南于北极圈)

✅ 一句话总结:

Arctic 意为“北极的、极寒的”,既可形容气候,也可指“北极地区”本身;与之相对的是 Antarctic(南极的)。

🟦 ardent

🔹发音

/ˈɑːd(ə)nt/(英) /ˈɑːrd(ə)nt/(美)

🔹词性

形容词(adj.)

🔸释义

热烈的;热情的;激情的

showing very strong feelings or enthusiasm

表示情感强烈、热切投入的。

📘 例句:

She’s an ardent supporter of environmental protection.  她是环保事业的热情拥护者。 The crowd gave him an ardent welcome.  人群热烈地欢迎了他。 He spoke with ardent passion about freedom.  他满怀热情地谈论自由。

炽热的;灼热的(较文学)

very hot; burning

温度或情感的“炽烈”。

📘 例句:

They walked under the ardent sun.  他们在灼热的阳光下行走。

🔹常见搭配

搭配

含义

ardent admirer / fan

热心的仰慕者 / 狂热粉丝

ardent supporter / believer

热诚的支持者 / 信徒

ardent desire / hope

强烈的愿望 / 希望

ardent love / passion

炽热的爱 / 激情

🔹同义词

enthusiastic, passionate, fervent, zealous, eager

🔹反义词

indifferent, cold, apathetic

🔹词源

源自拉丁语 ardere “燃烧”;后经古法语 ardant(燃烧的、热烈的)进入英语。

👉 从“燃烧”引申为“热情如火的”。

✅ 一句话总结:

ardent 表示“热情似火的、充满激情的”,既可用于情感,也可用于信仰或支持。

🟦 arduous

/ˈɑːdjuəs/ (BrE) /ˈɑːrdʒuəs/ (NAmE)

adjective

🔹Oxford 定义

involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time

需要大量努力和精力的;艰难的;艰巨的

🔹英汉双解释义

艰难的;艰巨的;费力的

Something that is arduous is very difficult and requires a lot of physical or mental effort over a long time.

指长时间需要大量体力或精力的艰苦工作或活动。

📘 Examples(例句)

The work was arduous, but it was worth it.  这项工作虽然艰辛,但很值得。 They spent an arduous day moving heavy furniture.  他们花了一整天时间辛苦地搬家具。 He began an arduous climb up the mountain.  他开始艰难地爬山。

📘 Academic Example(学术例句)

Conducting long-term field research in remote areas can be an arduous but rewarding process.  在偏远地区进行长期实地研究是一个艰苦却有回报的过程。

🔹Oxford 同义词

difficult, laborious, strenuous, challenging, demanding

📘 区别说明:

arduous 强调 持续的努力 和 身心的辛劳。 laborious 通常指 单调重复、耗时 的工作。 strenuous 更突出 体力消耗大。 challenging 偏向 需要技巧或智慧的难度。

🔹常见搭配(Oxford Collocations)

搭配

示例

arduous journey / task / process

The refugees faced an arduous journey across the desert.

arduous work / climb / duty

Climbing the cliffs was an arduous task.

physically / mentally arduous

The course is mentally arduous for most students.

🔹语域与语气

📚 Formal (书面语)

常用于学术写作、正式演讲、报告和新闻报道中。

常见于 IELTS Writing Task 2:

“Achieving success in education is an arduous process requiring patience and dedication.”

🔹词源(Etymology)

来自拉丁语 arduus = “steep, difficult”(陡峭的,困难的)→ 英语 “arduous”。

✅ 总结 (Summary for IELTS)

Arduous 是一个正式学术词汇,用于形容 任务、过程、旅程或工作极其困难、需要长期努力和毅力,是雅思高分写作中替代 difficult / hard 的高级表达。

🟦 area

/ˈeəriə/ (BrE) /ˈeriə/ (NAmE)

noun [C, U]

🔹Oxford 定义

1. Part of a place, town, etc.

一个地方、城市等的一部分;地区;区域

a particular part of a country, city, or the world

某国、城市或世界的特定部分

📘 Examples(例句)

The local area is famous for its beautiful lakes.  当地地区以美丽的湖泊而闻名。 Many people live in rural areas far from the city.  许多人居住在远离城市的农村地区。 The earthquake destroyed a large area of the city.  地震摧毁了城市的大片区域。

📘 IELTS Example(学术例句)

Urban areas are expanding rapidly due to population growth.  由于人口增长,城市地区正在迅速扩张。

🔹2. A particular subject, activity, or field

(学术、活动等的)领域;方面

a particular subject or range of activities or interests

特定的研究、活动或兴趣范围

📘 Examples

Her expertise lies in the area of environmental science.  她的专长在环境科学领域。 The report focuses on three main areas of concern.  报告集中于三个主要关注领域。 More research is needed in this area.  该领域还需要进一步研究。

📘 IELTS Example

In the area of renewable energy, investment has increased dramatically.  在可再生能源领域,投资显著增长。

🔹3. Measurement of a surface

面积

the amount of space covered by a flat surface or piece of land, measured in square units

由平面或土地覆盖的空间量,以平方单位表示

📘 Examples

The area of the room is 20 square metres.  这间房的面积是20平方米。 The park covers an area of 50 hectares.  这个公园的面积达50公顷。

📘 Mathematical (学术) Example

The formula for the area of a circle is πr².  圆的面积公式是 πr²。

🔹Oxford Collocations 常见搭配

搭配

示例

urban / rural area

城市 / 农村地区

coastal / mountainous area

沿海 / 山区

industrial / residential area

工业区 / 住宅区

subject / research area

研究领域

total / surface area

总面积 / 表面积

🔹语域与用法

📚 常用词,可用于正式与非正式语境。

在 IELTS Writing Task 1 和 Task 2 中非常常见:

Task 1(图表题)示例: The chart shows the changes in urban and rural areas from 1990 to 2020. Task 2(议论文)示例: Education is one of the most important areas of government investment.

🔹词源(Etymology)

来自拉丁语 area = “open space, level ground”(开阔的空间),后来引申为“领域”与“面积”。

✅ 总结(Summary for IELTS)

area 是学术写作中极常用的词,既可表示 地理区域(region),又可表示 学术领域(field) 或 面积(surface measure)。

在雅思作文中,用于替换常见词 place / field / region,可显著提高正式度。

🟦 arena

/əˈriːnə/ (BrE & NAmE)

noun [C]

🔹Oxford 定义

1. A level area surrounded by seats, used for sports or shows

用作体育比赛或表演的平地场地,四周有座位;竞技场

📘 Examples(例句)

The gladiators fought in the arena.  角斗士在竞技场中战斗。 The concert will be held in a large indoor arena.  音乐会将在大型室内场馆举行。 The Olympic arena was filled with cheering fans.  奥运体育场里坐满了欢呼的观众。

📘 IELTS Academic Example

Multi-purpose sports arenas are becoming increasingly common in urban planning.  多功能体育场馆在城市规划中越来越普遍。

🔹2. A field of activity, debate, or conflict

(抽象)活动、辩论或竞争的领域

a place or situation where a particular activity takes place, often competitive or public

指进行某项活动的“舞台”或领域,常带竞争、公开或辩论性质

📘 Examples

He has emerged as a leader in the political arena.  他已成为政治舞台上的一位领导者。 The international economic arena is highly competitive.  国际经济领域竞争激烈。 Women are increasingly visible in the public arena.  女性在公共舞台上日益活跃。

📘 IELTS Academic Example

Technological innovation plays a crucial role in the global business arena.  技术创新在全球商业领域中起着至关重要的作用。

🔹Oxford Collocations 常见搭配

搭配

含义

sports / concert arena

体育 / 音乐表演场馆

political / international / public arena

政治 / 国际 / 公众舞台

global / competitive arena

全球 / 竞争领域

arena of conflict / debate

冲突 / 辩论领域

🔹语域与用法

📚 Formal / neutral

体育、文化、政治或商业语境均可使用。 IELTS Writing Task 2、Reading、Speaking 中常用于比喻“领域、舞台”

📘 Academic Example

Climate change has become a major concern in the scientific arena.  气候变化已成为科学领域的一大关注点。

🔹词源(Etymology)

来自拉丁语 harena = “sand”,指古罗马角斗场上铺的沙地 → 后引申为“竞技场;舞台”。

✅ 一句话总结

arena 可指“体育或表演场馆”,也可抽象指“竞争、活动或辩论领域”,在雅思学术写作中可用来提升正式度和比喻表达能力。

🟦 argue

/ˈɑːɡjuː/ (BrE) /ˈɑːrɡjuː/ (NAmE)

verb

🔹Oxford 定义

争论、吵架(表达不同意见) 论证、提出理由(支持或反对某观点)

🔹释义与例句

1️⃣ 争论、吵架

They always argue about money.  他们总是为了钱争吵。 I don’t want to argue with you.  我不想和你吵架。

2️⃣ 论证、提出理由

He argued that stricter laws were necessary.  他论证严格法律是必要的。 Researchers argue for more investment in renewable energy.  研究人员主张增加对可再生能源的投资。

🔹常见搭配

argue about / over something:为某事争论 argue with someone:与某人争论 argue that…:论证 / 主张 strongly / logically argue:强烈 / 逻辑性地论证

🟦 argument

/ˈɑːɡjumənt/ (BrE) /ˈɑːrɡjumənt/ (NAmE)

noun [C, U]

🔹Oxford 定义

争论、辩论(people disagreeing about something) 论据、理由(supporting evidence or reasoning for an idea)

🔹释义与例句

1️⃣ 争论、争吵

They had an argument about money.  他们就钱发生争论。 The couple had a heated argument last night.  这对夫妻昨晚发生了激烈的争吵。

2️⃣ 论据、理由

The main argument for this policy is that it reduces pollution.  支持该政策的主要理由是它可以减少污染。 She presented a convincing argument in favor of stricter regulations.  她提出了有说服力的论据,支持更严格的法规。

🔹IELTS 学术用法

In academic writing, argument often refers to a reasoned set of ideas: The essay presents several arguments against the use of fossil fuels. 这篇论文提出了若干反对化石燃料使用的论据。

🔹常见搭配

搭配

含义

make / have an argument

争论 / 争吵

present / develop / support an argument

提出 / 展开 / 支持论据

strong / convincing / valid argument

有力 / 令人信服 / 有效的论据

main / central argument

核心论点

🔹词源

argue:拉丁语 arguere = “to make clear, show”,引申为争论、论证 argument:来自 arguere + 名词后缀 -ment,意为“论点、理由或争论”

✅ 总结(雅思学术用法)

argue:动词,可指“争论/争吵”,也可指“提出理由/论证” argument:名词,可指“争论”或“论据”,在 IELTS Task 2 写作中尤为重要,用于表明支持或反对观点