单词A31

🟦 attempt

/əˈtempt/

(verb / noun)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. 动词 — 企图;尝试

to make an effort to do something, especially something difficult.

📘 中文释义: 尝试做(困难的事);努力;企图。

She attempted to climb Mount Everest.

她尝试攀登珠穆朗玛峰。

Scientists are attempting to find a cure for the disease.

科学家们正努力寻找治愈这种疾病的方法。

He attempted to escape through a window.

他企图从窗户逃跑。

🔹2. 名词 — 企图;努力;尝试

an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult.

This is her third attempt to pass the driving test.

这是她第三次尝试通过驾驶考试。

The government’s attempt to control inflation failed.

政府控制通货膨胀的尝试失败了。

二、语法与用法(Grammar & Usage)

attempt to do sth ✅ He attempted to solve the problem. attempt at sth / doing sth(名词结构)✅ His first attempt at writing a novel was successful.

📍注意:

动词后通常接 to do,而名词可接 at + doing。

三、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

attempted

adj.

企图的;未遂的

He was charged with attempted murder.(他被控谋杀未遂。)

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义区别

try

最常用,语气中性;日常口语常用。

endeavour (BrE)

正式或书面语,强调“努力尝试”。

strive

强调“奋斗、拼搏”,通常用于长期目标。

seek

正式,强调“寻求达到某目标”。

aim

表示“意图、目标”而非单次尝试。

五、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

make an attempt (to do sth)

尝试(做某事)

first / last / final attempt

第一次 / 最后一次尝试

successful / unsuccessful attempt

成功 / 失败的尝试

attempt on sb’s life

谋杀(某人)的企图

attempt to escape / rescue / communicate

企图逃脱 / 救援 / 沟通

六、例句(Examples)

The student attempted to answer all the questions in the exam.  这名学生试图回答试卷上的所有问题。 Any attempt to influence the jury will be severely punished.  任何企图影响陪审团的行为都将受到严惩。 Despite repeated attempts, the system could not be repaired.  尽管多次尝试,系统仍无法修复。 It was a bold attempt to change public opinion.  那是一次大胆的改变公众舆论的尝试。

七、雅思学术应用(IELTS / Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作(Writing Task 2)

Governments should attempt to reduce social inequality.  政府应努力减少社会不平等。 Many countries have attempted to balance economic growth with environmental protection.  许多国家尝试在经济增长与环境保护之间取得平衡。 Despite numerous attempts, poverty remains a global issue.  尽管多次努力,贫困仍是全球性问题。

八、口语应用(Speaking Examples)

Have you ever attempted something really difficult? My first attempt at cooking was a total disaster! I’ll make another attempt later when I have more time.

九、词源(Etymology)

📖 源自拉丁语 attemptare = ad-(towards)+ temptare(to try, test)。

👉 意为“去尝试” → “努力做某事”。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词 / 名词

发音

/əˈtempt/

基本义

尝试;企图;努力

派生词

attempted (adj.)

同义词

try, endeavour, strive, seek, aim

常用搭配

make an attempt; attempt to do sth

风格

中性偏正式;可用于学术与日常场合

雅思用途

写作任务 2(政府政策、社会问题、科技发展等)

词源

拉丁语 attemptare — “去尝试”

🟦 attend

/əˈtend/

(verb)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. 出席;参加

to be present at an event, meeting, or function

📘 中文释义: 出席;参加(会议、课程、活动等)

Over two hundred people attended the wedding.

有两百多人出席了婚礼。

Students must attend all classes.

学生必须参加所有课程。

She rarely attends social events.

她很少参加社交活动。

🔹2. 照料;看护

to take care of somebody/something

A nurse attended the patient at night.

护士在夜间照料病人。

He was well attended by his staff.

他的员工对他照顾周到。

🔹3. 专心;注意(用于短语 attend to)

to give attention to something or deal with something

Please attend to your studies.

请专心学习。

I have some business to attend to.

我有些事务要处理。

🔹4. 伴随发生(正式用法)

to happen with or as a result of something

The risks attending such an operation are considerable.

这种手术伴有相当大的风险。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

attendance

n.

出席;出勤

School attendance is compulsory until age 16.(16岁以前上学是义务的。)

attendant

n./adj.

服务员;侍者;伴随的

A flight attendant will help you.(乘务员会帮你。)

attention

n.

注意;关心

Pay attention to the road.(注意路面。)

attentive

adj.

注意的;专心的;体贴的

She is always attentive in class.(她上课总是专心的。)

attentively

adv.

注意地;专心地

He listened attentively.(他专心地听着。)

三、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义区别

participate (in)

强调“参与、参加”某项活动(积极参与)

be present (at)

正式表达“出席”

join

强调“加入”群体或组织

look after

对应“attend to sb”意为照顾

deal with / handle

对应“attend to sth”意为处理事务

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

attend a meeting / class / ceremony / conference

出席会议 / 课程 / 仪式 / 会议

attend school / university

上学 / 上大学

attend to sb/sth

照料;注意;处理

attend on sb

照顾(上级、病人等)

regular / poor attendance

出勤率高 / 低

flight / hospital / parking attendant

空乘 / 医院服务员 / 停车管理员

五、例句(Examples)

He always attends church on Sundays.  他每个星期天都去教堂。 I can’t attend the meeting because I’ll be abroad.  我不能出席会议,因为我要出国。 You should attend to what the teacher is saying.  你应该专心听老师讲课。 A nurse attended her throughout her stay in hospital.  她在住院期间一直有护士照顾。

六、雅思学术应用(IELTS Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作(Writing Task 2)

All children should be required to attend school until a certain age.  所有儿童都应被要求在达到一定年龄前接受义务教育。 Many people attend university to improve their employment prospects.  许多人上大学是为了提高就业前景。 Governments must attend to the needs of disadvantaged communities.  政府必须关注弱势群体的需求。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking)

Do you like to attend large social events? I usually attend all my lectures because they’re important. She’s very attentive when someone is speaking.

七、词源(Etymology)

📖 源自拉丁语 attendere = ad-(toward)+ tendere(stretch, aim),

👉 原义为“伸向 / 专注于”,因此引申出“出席”、“专心”、“照顾”等含义。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词

发音

/əˈtend/

基本义

出席;照料;注意;伴随

派生词

attendance, attendant, attention, attentive, attentively

同义词

participate, join, be present, look after, deal with

常用搭配

attend a meeting/class; attend to sb/sth

风格

中性偏正式,常用于学术与职业场合

雅思用途

教育、社会话题中高频动词

词源

拉丁语 attendere — “专注于、伸向”

🟦 attic

/ˈætɪk/

noun 【C】可数名词

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

🔹1. 阁楼;顶楼;顶层房间

the space or room at the top of a house, just below the roof

📘 中文释义: 阁楼;顶楼;屋顶下的储藏室

📗 例句 Examples

We stored the old furniture in the attic.  我们把旧家具放在了阁楼里。 A family of bats had made their home in the attic.  一群蝙蝠在阁楼上安了家。 They converted the attic into a study.  他们把阁楼改造成书房。 The house has two bedrooms and a large attic.  这栋房子有两间卧室和一个大阁楼。

二、延伸义(Extended Uses)

🔹2. (文体)雅典式的;古雅典的(Attic,首字母大写时)

Attic — relating to ancient Athens or its people or dialect

📘 中文释义: (A 大写)雅典的;古希腊雅典的

📗 例句

Attic Greek is the dialect of ancient Athens.  雅典希腊语是古希腊雅典所使用的方言。 The style of writing was pure Attic.  这种写作风格纯正地道,具有雅典文风。

三、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

attic room / bedroom

阁楼卧室

convert / turn / transform the attic

改造阁楼

attic window / stairs / ladder

阁楼窗 / 楼梯 / 梯子

dusty / dark / small attic

尘土多的 / 昏暗的 / 狭小的阁楼

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义区别

loft

通常指可居住或储物的阁楼空间(英式常用)

garret

较旧或文学用语,指“顶楼小屋”,常用于形容穷作家的住所

upper room / top floor

泛指上层房间

mansard

一种有折角屋顶的阁楼(建筑术语)

五、派生词(Derived / Related Words)

派生词

词性

含义

Attic

adj.

(首字母大写)雅典的;古雅典的

attic room

n.

阁楼房间

attic window

n.

阁楼窗户

六、文化与雅思应用(IELTS & Cultural Note)

🎓 在雅思学术语境中

虽然 attic 本身不是高频学术词,但在 雅思写作 Task 1(建筑、住房类图表) 或 Speaking Part 2(描述房屋、童年、物品) 中,可自然使用,显示词汇丰富度。

📘 雅思写作示例(Task 1)

The house was later renovated, and the attic was converted into an additional bedroom.

这栋房子后来翻修过,阁楼被改造成了额外的卧室。

📘 雅思口语示例(Part 2)

I used to keep all my childhood toys in the attic of my grandparents’ house.

我小时候的玩具都放在祖父母家阁楼里。

七、词源(Etymology)

📖 源自拉丁语 Atticus(意为“雅典的”),

原指“雅典式建筑中的上层结构”,

后来引申为“房屋的顶层部分”,即“阁楼”。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词

发音

/ˈætɪk/

基本义

阁楼;顶层房间

派生义

(大写)雅典的,雅典方言的

同义词

loft, garret, upper room, mansard

常用搭配

attic room, attic window, convert the attic

语体

常用于日常与建筑类语境

雅思用途

描述房屋结构或童年记忆类口语题

词源

来自拉丁语 Atticus — “雅典的,上层的”

🟦 attitude

/ˈætɪtjuːd/(英) | /ˈætɪtuːd/(美)

noun 【C, U】可数/不可数名词

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. 态度;看法;观点(towards / to)

the way that you think and feel about somebody or something

📘 中文释义: 对人或事物的态度、看法、意见

📗 例句 Examples:

He has a very positive attitude towards life.  他对生活的态度非常积极。 The government needs to change its attitude to immigration.  政府需要改变对移民的态度。 Her attitude towards studying has improved a lot.  她对学习的态度好多了。

📘 常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

含义

attitude towards/to sb/sth

对……的态度

have / show / adopt / develop an attitude

持有 / 表现出 / 采取 / 养成某种态度

positive / negative / critical / indifferent attitude

积极 / 消极 / 批评性 / 冷漠态度

🔹2. 姿势;姿态;肢体语言

the position of the body, especially when it expresses a particular meaning

📘 中文释义: (尤指表现情绪的)姿势;姿态

📗 例句:

The dancer’s graceful attitude captured everyone’s attention.  那位舞者优雅的姿势吸引了所有人的目光。 His attitude suggested confidence and authority.  他的姿态表现出自信与威严。

🔹3. (非正式)倔强态度;反抗心态;坏脾气(slang)

[informal] a confident, sometimes rude way of behaving that shows you do not care what other people think

📘 中文释义: (非正式)挑衅性态度;摆架子;嚣张气势

📗 例句:

Don’t give me that attitude!  别用那种态度对我说话! She’s got a real attitude problem.  她真的很有态度问题(=很难相处)。

二、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

语义区别

view / opinion

强调思想或看法(常用于学术语境)

outlook

强调人生观或总体心态

approach

强调做事的方法或处理方式

stance / standpoint

正式用语,强调立场或观点

mindset

着重思维定势或心理倾向

posture

指身体姿势或比喻立场

三、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

释义

示例

attitudinal

adj.

态度的;与态度相关的

The survey revealed attitudinal changes towards gender equality.(调查显示人们对性别平等的态度有所变化。)

四、常见固定搭配(Useful Collocations)

短语

中文释义

take / adopt an attitude

采取某种态度

change one’s attitude

改变态度

a positive / negative / neutral attitude

积极 / 消极 / 中立态度

a “can-do” attitude

积极进取的态度

display / show an attitude

表现出某种态度

an attitude problem

(非正式)态度有问题

五、例句精讲(Academic & Daily Use)

📘 学术语气(IELTS Writing):

Public attitudes towards environmental protection have changed significantly in recent years.  公众对环境保护的态度近年来发生了显著变化。 Educational success is strongly influenced by students’ attitudes towards learning.  学生的学习态度对教育成就有重大影响。 Governments should adopt a more flexible attitude towards cultural diversity.  政府应对文化多样性采取更灵活的态度。

🗣️ 日常口语(IELTS Speaking):

I think having a positive attitude makes life much easier. My parents taught me to have a respectful attitude towards others. Some young people have a very relaxed attitude to money.

六、词源(Etymology)

📖 源自拉丁语 aptitudo(适当、恰当),

经意大利语 attitudine → 法语 attitude → 英语 attitude。

原义为“姿势、姿态”,后来引申为“心理上的姿势”,即“态度、看法”。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词(C/U)

发音

/ˈætɪtjuːd/(英) /ˈætɪtuːd/(美)

基本义

态度;看法;姿势

派生词

attitudinal(态度的)

同义词

outlook, mindset, stance, viewpoint, approach

常见搭配

attitude towards/to sb/sth; positive attitude; change one’s attitude

雅思用法

高频学术词汇,用于教育、文化、社会等议题

词源

拉丁语 aptitudo → “姿势” → “心理态度”

🟦 attract

/əˈtrækt/

verb 【及物动词 vt.】

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. 吸引;引起(兴趣、注意、好感等)

to make someone interested in something or want to take part in something

📘 中文释义: 吸引(注意力、兴趣、爱慕、顾客等)

📗 例句 Examples:

The museum attracts thousands of visitors every year.  这座博物馆每年吸引成千上万的游客。 The idea attracted a lot of interest from investors.  这个想法吸引了许多投资者的兴趣。 What first attracted me to her was her sense of humour.  最初吸引我的是她的幽默感。

📘 常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

含义

attract attention / interest / customers / tourists

吸引注意 / 兴趣 / 顾客 / 游客

attract investment / funding

吸引投资 / 资金

attract criticism / controversy

引来批评 / 争议

🔹2. (物理学)使相互吸引

(of two objects) to pull or draw towards each other

📘 中文释义: (物理)产生吸引力;相互吸引

📗 例句:

Opposite poles of a magnet attract each other.  磁铁的异极相吸。 The sun’s gravity attracts the planets.  太阳的引力吸引行星。

二、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

语义区别

appeal to

强调“对……有吸引力”,常用于情感或审美层面

charm

暗含“迷住”或“打动”的意思

fascinate

指“深深吸引”或“使入迷”

captivate

指“完全吸引”或“俘获注意力”

draw

强调“拉近注意力或人群”

entice / tempt

暗示“诱惑”或“引诱”,含较强动机意味

三、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

释义

示例

attraction

n.

吸引;吸引力;有吸引力的事物

The Eiffel Tower is a major tourist attraction.

attractive

adj.

有吸引力的;迷人的

The offer is financially attractive.

attractively

adv.

迷人地;吸引人地

She was dressed attractively.

unattractive

adj.

无吸引力的;不美的

The deal seemed unattractive to investors.

四、常见固定搭配(Useful Collocations)

短语

中文释义

attract attention / notice

引起注意

attract criticism / opposition

招致批评 / 反对

attract investment / capital

吸引投资

attract interest / support

吸引兴趣 / 获得支持

attract customers / clients / tourists

吸引顾客 / 客户 / 游客

be attracted to sb/sth

被……吸引(常用于情感)

五、例句精讲(Academic & Daily Use)

📘 学术用法(IELTS Writing):

Large cities attract people seeking better job opportunities.  大城市吸引追求更好就业机会的人。 Renewable energy projects can attract foreign investment.  可再生能源项目可以吸引外国投资。 Universities aim to attract talented students from around the world.  大学旨在吸引来自世界各地的优秀学生。

🗣️ 日常口语(IELTS Speaking):

I’m really attracted to architecture and design. Her confidence really attracts people. This small café attracts a lot of young customers.

六、词源(Etymology)

📖 源自拉丁语 attrahere(= ad “toward” + trahere “to draw”),

意为“拉向某物”,引申为“吸引注意力或兴趣”。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词(vt.)

发音

/əˈtrækt/

基本义

吸引;引起注意或兴趣

派生词

attraction, attractive, attractively, unattractive

同义词

appeal to, draw, charm, fascinate, captivate

常见搭配

attract attention; attract investment; attract customers

雅思语域

高频动词,用于旅游、教育、经济等主题

词源

拉丁语 attrahere(拉向)

🟦 attribute

/ˈætrɪbjuːt/

verb / noun

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. 动词 (verb) — 把……归因于

to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing

📘 中文释义: 归因于;把……归于

📗 例句 Examples

He attributed his success to hard work and a little luck.  他把成功归因于努力和一点运气。 The teacher attributed the students’ poor performance to lack of preparation.  老师把学生成绩不佳归因于准备不足。 The accident was attributed to human error.  事故被归因于人为失误。

📌 常见用法:

attribute sth to sth ✅

The rise in temperature was largely attributed to global warming.

温度上升主要被归因于全球变暖。

🔹2. 名词 (noun) — 属性;特质;特性

a quality or feature that someone or something has

📘 中文释义: 属性;特质;特征

📗 例句

Patience is an essential attribute for teachers.  耐心是教师必备的品质。 Flexibility is one of the most important attributes in a manager.  灵活性是管理者最重要的特质之一。 The key attribute of a good leader is decisiveness.  一个好领导的关键特质是果断。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

attributive

adj.

(语法)定语的;归属性的

In “red car”, “red” is an attributive adjective.

attribution

n.

归因;归属

The attribution of the quote is uncertain.

attributable

adj.

可归因的

Much of the error is attributable to carelessness.

三、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

用法区别

ascribe

更正式的“归因于”,常用于学术或书面语

credit

强调把功劳或责任归于某人

quality / characteristic / feature

对应名词义,指“属性、特质”

trait

指人的性格或个性特征

property

常指物体或系统的本质属性

四、常见固定搭配(Collocations)

短语

中文释义

attribute sth to sth

把……归因于……

key / essential / important attribute

关键 / 必备 / 重要特质

positive / desirable attribute

积极 / 理想特质

leadership / personal / professional attribute

领导力 / 个人 / 职业属性

五、例句精讲(Academic & Daily Use)

📘 学术用法(IELTS Writing Task 2):

The decline in bee populations is largely attributed to pesticide use.  蜜蜂数量下降主要归因于农药使用。 Critical thinking is considered an essential attribute of university students.  批判性思维被认为是大学生必备的素质。 The study attributes the success of the program to strong community involvement.  研究将该项目的成功归因于社区的积极参与。

🗣️ 日常口语(IELTS Speaking):

I attribute my confidence to my supportive family. Patience is a valuable attribute for anyone working in customer service. Many people attribute their happiness to good health and friends.

六、词源(Etymology)

📖 来自拉丁语 attribuere = ad-(给)+ tribuere(分配),

原义为“分配给”,引申为“归因于”或“赋予属性”。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词 / 名词

发音

/ˈætrɪbjuːt/

动词义

归因于;把……归于

名词义

属性;特质;特性

派生词

attributive, attribution, attributable

同义词

ascribe, credit, trait, characteristic, quality

常用搭配

attribute sth to sth; key attribute; desirable attribute

雅思用途

高频学术词汇,用于科技、教育、社会科学议题

词源

拉丁语 attribuere — “分配给 / 归因于”

🟦 auction

/ˈɔːkʃ(ə)n/

noun / verb

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. 名词 (noun) — 拍卖;竞卖

a public sale in which goods or property are sold to the person who offers the highest price

📘 中文释义: 拍卖;拍卖会;竞卖

📗 例句 Examples

The painting was sold at auction for a record price.  这幅画在拍卖会上以创纪录的价格成交。 The company held an auction to sell its old equipment.  公司举行了拍卖会,出售旧设备。 Online auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years.  近年来,网上拍卖变得越来越流行。

🔹2. 动词 (verb) — 拍卖;以拍卖方式出售

to sell something at an auction

📘 中文释义: 拍卖;竞卖

📗 例句

The government plans to auction off surplus military equipment.  政府计划拍卖多余的军事设备。 The charity auctioned the donated items to raise funds.  慈善机构拍卖了捐赠物品以筹款。

📌 常见搭配:

auction off:将……拍卖

The company auctioned off its assets.

公司拍卖了资产。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

auctioneer

n.

拍卖商;拍卖人

The auctioneer spoke rapidly to encourage higher bids.

auction house

n.

拍卖行

Sotheby’s is a world-famous auction house.

reauction

v./n.

再次拍卖

Unsold items were reauctioned later.

三、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

用法区别

bidding

指“竞价过程”,侧重于出价行为而非拍卖会整体

sale

泛指“销售”,可用于任何场合

liquidation

商业语中表示“清算性拍卖”,常用于破产公司资产处理

public sale

正式用语,指公开拍卖

四、常见固定搭配(Collocations)

短语

中文释义

at auction

在拍卖中,被拍卖

put sth up for auction

将某物拿出来拍卖

hold an auction

举行拍卖会

auction house / auction room

拍卖行 / 拍卖厅

auction off sth

拍卖某物

五、学术与实用例句(IELTS Focus)

📘 学术语境(Writing / Reading)

Works of art are often auctioned to private collectors for millions of dollars.  艺术作品常被拍卖给私人收藏家,价格高达数百万美元。 Governments sometimes auction licenses for broadcasting or telecommunication rights.  政府有时会拍卖广播或电信牌照。 The environmental organization held an auction to raise awareness and funding.  环保组织举行拍卖会以提高公众意识并筹集资金。

🗣️ 口语语境(Speaking)

I once attended an online auction, and it was quite exciting to compete for items. Paintings are auctioned off to the highest bidder, often for charity purposes. The thrill of an auction is that you never know how high the price will go.

六、词源(Etymology)

📖 来自拉丁语 auctio(n-),源自 augere(“增加、扩展”),

原意为“加价出售”,引申为“拍卖”。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词 / 动词

发音

/ˈɔːkʃ(ə)n/

名词义

拍卖;竞卖

动词义

拍卖;以拍卖方式出售

派生词

auctioneer, auction house, reauction

同义词

bidding, sale, liquidation, public sale

常用搭配

at auction; put up for auction; auction off sth

雅思用途

高频商务、艺术、经济类词汇

词源

拉丁语 auctio = “加价,出售”

🟦 audience

/ˈɔːdiəns/

noun

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. 观众;听众;读者

the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to something (a play, concert, speech, etc.)

📘 中文释义: 观众;听众;读者

📗 例句 Examples

The audience cheered loudly at the end of the performance.  演出结束时,观众热烈鼓掌欢呼。 His speech attracted an audience of over 10,000 people.  他的演讲吸引了超过一万名听众。 The book reached a wide audience of young readers.  这本书拥有广泛的年轻读者群。

📌 语法说明:

audience 通常为集合名词,常作单数,但也可视语境指代多群体时作复数: The audiences of these two TV shows are very different.

🔹2. 正式会见;正式接见(尤指君主或要人的)

a formal meeting with an important person (especially a king, queen, or president)

📘 中文释义: 接见;正式会见

📗 例句

The ambassador had an audience with the President.  大使获总统接见。 The Pope granted them an audience.  教皇接见了他们。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

auditory

adj.

听觉的;听力的

The auditory system processes sound signals.

auditorium

n.

礼堂;观众席

The conference was held in the main auditorium.

audibility

n.

可听见性

The audibility of the speaker’s voice was affected by noise.

audible

adj.

听得见的

Her voice was barely audible over the crowd.

三、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义区别

spectators

强调观看体育赛事等的“观众”

viewers

指电视节目的“观众”

listeners

指广播或音乐节目的“听众”

readers

指书籍、杂志或网站的“读者”

crowd

泛指“人群”,不一定是观众

assembly

正式场合的集会或与会者

四、常见固定搭配(Collocations)

短语

中文释义

an audience of…

……的观众(人数)

the target audience

目标受众

live audience

现场观众

studio audience

录影棚观众

audience participation

观众参与

audience reaction / response

观众反应

reach an audience

触及(某类)受众

draw / attract an audience

吸引观众

五、学术与雅思用法(IELTS Focus)

📘 学术语境(Writing / Reading)

The film appeals to an international audience.  这部电影吸引了国际观众。 Effective communication depends on understanding the target audience.  有效沟通取决于对目标受众的理解。 The Internet allows authors to reach a global audience.  互联网使作者能够接触到全球读者。

🗣️ 口语语境(Speaking)

I enjoy performing in front of a live audience because it’s very motivating. My favorite YouTuber has an audience of millions of followers. When I give presentations, I always try to connect with my audience.

六、词源(Etymology)

📖 来自拉丁语 audientia(“聆听”),源自 audire(“听”)。

最初意为“听讲者群体”,后来泛指任何观众或读者群。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词

发音

/ˈɔːdiəns/

基本义

观众;听众;读者

次义

正式接见;会见

派生词

auditory, auditorium, audible, audibility

同义词

spectators, viewers, listeners, readers, crowd

常用搭配

target audience, live audience, audience reaction

雅思用途

高频学术与口语词汇(教育、传媒、艺术类常用)

词源

拉丁语 audire — “听”

🟦 august

/ɔːˈɡʌst/

adjective(形容词)

(注意与月份 August /ˈɔːɡəst/ 的发音和词性不同)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. 庄严的;威严的;令人敬畏的

having great dignity, grandeur, or respect; inspiring reverence or admiration

📘 中文释义: 庄严的;威严的;令人敬畏的;崇高的

📗 例句 Examples

The ceremony was held in an august hall filled with historical paintings.  仪式在一座挂满历史名画的庄严大厅举行。 The professor spoke with an august tone that silenced the audience.  那位教授以威严的语调讲话,使听众鸦雀无声。 He came from an august lineage of scholars and thinkers.  他出身于一个显赫的学者世家。

📌 语气说明:

“august” 多用于 正式、书面语,常含 尊贵、崇高、肃穆 的意味。

与 “serious” 或 “formal” 不同,它带有“高贵、庄重”的褒义色彩。

二、词源(Etymology)

📖 来自拉丁语 augustus(意为“神圣的,庄严的”),

与罗马皇帝头衔 “Augustus(奥古斯都)” 同源,原义为“受尊敬的”“威严的”。

三、词形变化与同源词(Word Family)

词形 / 派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

August

n.

八月

My birthday is in August.

Augustan

adj./n.

(尤指罗马或英国文学史中的)奥古斯都时代的;典雅庄重的

Augustan poetry is known for its elegance.

augustly

adv.

庄严地;威严地

The judge spoke augustly from the bench.

augustness

n.

庄严;尊贵

The augustness of the cathedral impressed all visitors.

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义区别

majestic

强调“宏伟壮丽”,可指建筑、风景、气势等

stately

指“仪态端庄、庄重高雅”,常用于人或场合

dignified

强调“有尊严的”,多用于人物气质

noble

含“高尚、崇高”的意义

imposing

强调外观或气势上令人印象深刻的“威严”

五、常见搭配(Collocations)

短语

中文释义

an august figure / person / presence

庄严的人物 / 威严的气场

august ceremony / occasion / institution

庄重的仪式 / 场合 / 机构

an august body

(正式机构)权威团体、尊贵组织

august company

尊贵的同伴;显赫的社交圈

📘 例句:

The award was presented by an august body of international scientists.  奖项由一个国际权威科学家团体颁发。 She was honored to be in such august company.  她很荣幸能与如此尊贵的人士同席。

六、雅思学术应用(IELTS Focus)

📘 写作(Writing Task 2 / Academic)

Universities are august institutions dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge.  大学是崇高的学术机构,致力于知识的探索。 The court maintained an august atmosphere, emphasizing the seriousness of justice.  法庭保持着庄严的氛围,强调司法的严肃性。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking)

The ceremony was very august; everyone was dressed formally. I once visited an august old library that felt sacred and peaceful.

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

形容词

发音

/ɔːˈɡʌst/

核心义

庄严的;威严的;令人敬畏的

派生词

Augustan, augustly, augustness

同义词

majestic, stately, dignified, noble, imposing

常用搭配

august ceremony, august body, august presence

雅思用途

用于描述“正式场合、权威机构、尊贵人物”,属于高阶书面语词汇

词源

拉丁语 augustus — “受尊敬的、庄严的”