单词B2

🟦 bake

/beɪk/

verb & noun

(牛津风格+雅思学术+派生词+同义词)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹 1.(v.)烘焙;烤制(用烤箱)

to cook food using dry heat in an oven

📘 中文释义:

烘焙;烤(用烤箱)

📗 例句:

She baked a chocolate cake for the party.  她为聚会烤了一个巧克力蛋糕。

🔹 2.(v.)晒得很热;(太阳)炙烤

to be extremely hot; to be heated by the sun

📘 中文释义:

被晒得灼热;被烤热

📗 例句:

The desert baked under the afternoon sun.  沙漠在下午的阳光下炙烤。

🔹 3.(n.)烤制食品(非正式)

food that is baked

📘 中文释义:

烤制食品

📗 例句:

We brought some homemade bakes to the picnic.  我们带了一些自制的烤点心去野餐。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

单词

词性

中文

baker

n.

面包师;烘焙师

bakery

n.

面包店;烘焙坊

baked

adj.

烤制的;烘焙的

baking

n./adj.

烘焙;非常炎热的(baking hot)

bakehouse

n.

烘焙房(偏英式)

bake-off

n.

烘焙比赛(英、美都有)

三、同义词(Synonyms)

✔ “烘焙/烤制”

bake ≈ roast(烤,但常指肉类)

bake ≈ cook

bake ≈ toast(烤面包片)

✔ “炙烤(天气热)”

bake ≈ scorch

bake ≈ roast

bake ≈ broil(北美)

bake ≈ swelter(闷热)

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文

bake a cake/pie/bread

烤蛋糕/派/面包

freshly baked

新鲜出炉的

baking hot weather

炎热天气

bake in the sun

在阳光下被晒烤

baking tray / baking sheet

烤盘

📗 例句:

It was baking hot outside.  外面热得像烤炉一样。

五、雅思/学术用法(IELTS Academic Note)

在写作 Task 1 描述**制作流程(process diagram)**时常用: “The mixture is then baked at 180°C for 20 minutes.” 在 Task 2 中可用于比喻“压力烤焦人”: “Students are often baked under academic pressure.”(比喻义)

🟦 balance

/ˈbæl.əns/

noun & verb

(牛津风格+雅思学术+派生词+同义词全收录)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹 1.(n.)平衡;均衡

a state where different things occur in equal or proper amounts

📘 中文:

平衡;均衡

📗 例句:

You need to keep a good balance between study and rest.  你需要在学习与休息之间保持良好的平衡。

🔹 2.(v.)使平衡;保持平衡

to make something steady or equal

📘 中文:

使平衡;保持平衡

📗 例句:

She balanced the tray on her hand.  她用手让托盘保持平衡。

🔹 3.(n.)余额;结余(银行/账目)

the amount of money that is left

📘 中文:

余额;存款余额

📗 例句:

Your account balance is $350.  你的账户余额是 350 美元。

🔹 4.(n.)天平;秤

a device used for weighing things

📘 中文:

天平;秤

🔹 5.(v.)权衡;比较

to consider the importance of two things

📘 中文:

权衡;斟酌

📗 例句:

We must balance the risks against the benefits.  我们必须权衡风险与收益。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

单词

词性

中文

balanced

adj.

均衡的;平稳的;合理的

balancing

n./adj.

平衡;保持平衡的

balancer

n.

平衡器;平衡装置

imbalanced

adj.

不平衡的

balanceable

adj.

可平衡的(较少见)

re-balance / rebalance

v.

重新平衡;调整结构(经济/投资常用)

overbalance

v.

失去平衡,倾倒

三、同义词(Synonyms)

✔ “平衡;均衡”

balance ≈ equilibrium(正式/学术)

balance ≈ stability

balance ≈ symmetry

✔ “权衡;斟酌”

balance ≈ weigh

balance ≈ evaluate

balance ≈ assess

✔ “保持平衡(动作)”

balance ≈ steady

balance ≈ stabilize

✔ “余额”

balance ≈ remainder

balance ≈ surplus(多余剩余)

balance ≈ residue

四、常见固定搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文

keep/maintain balance

保持平衡

lose balance

失去平衡

on balance

总的来看;整体而言

a balanced diet

均衡饮食

work–life balance

工作与生活平衡

bank balance / account balance

银行余额

balance sheet

资产负债表(会计)

strike a balance

取得平衡

📗 例句:

It is important to strike a balance between cost and quality.  在成本与质量之间取得平衡很重要。

五、雅思/学术用法(IELTS Academic Notes)

“balance”在 Task 2 常用于表达“折中观点”: “On balance, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.” 学术写作里常出现: “A balanced approach is required to address the issue.” 在经济、政策分析中: “The government needs to rebalance the economy.”

🟦 balcony

/ˈbæl.kə.ni/

noun

(牛津词典风格+雅思学术+派生词+同义词)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹 1.(n.)阳台;露台

a platform that is built on the outside wall of a building, with a wall or rail around it

📘 中文:

阳台;露台

📗 例句:

The apartment has a large balcony overlooking the river.  那套公寓有一个可以俯瞰河流的大阳台。

🔹 2.(n.)楼座;包厢(剧院)

an upper floor seating area in a theatre or concert hall

📘 中文:

(剧院)楼座;包厢

📗 例句:

We watched the performance from the balcony.  我们从剧院的楼座观看演出。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

单词

词性

中文

balconied

adj.

有阳台的,带阳台的

balconette

n.

小阳台;装饰性小护栏(建筑术语)

balconied room

n.

带阳台的房间(常用于酒店描述)

(balcony 词族不大,以上为常见可考形式)

三、同义词(Synonyms)

虽然“balcony”几乎是固定建筑术语,但可替换表达包括:

✔ “阳台”

terrace(露台,多在地面或顶层) veranda / verandah(有顶棚的走廊式阳台,偏南亚/澳大利亚常用) patio(庭院式露台,通常在一楼) deck(木质平台;屋外平台)

✔ “剧院楼座”

gallery(剧院上层座位区) mezzanine(夹层楼座)

四、固定搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文

balcony door

阳台门

balcony railing

阳台栏杆

stand on the balcony

站在阳台上

balcony view

阳台景观

balcony seating

楼座座位(剧院)

五、雅思/学术用法(IELTS Notes)

在雅思口语 Part 1/2 描述住所时极常用: “My bedroom has a small balcony where I usually drink tea.” 雅思写作 Task 1(地图题)中常用于说明建筑结构: “The renovated building includes a balcony on the southern side.”

🟦 bald

/bɔːld/

adj.

(牛津词典风格+雅思学术+派生词+同义词)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹 1. 秃头的;光头的(no hair)

having little or no hair on the head

📘 中文:

秃头的;光头的

📗 例句:

He started going bald at the age of thirty.  他三十岁开始脱发。

🔹 2. 光秃的;无覆盖的(lacking covering)

lacking natural growth or covering

📘 中文:

光秃的;无草木的

📗 例句:

The mountains were bald at the top.  山顶是一片光秃的。

🔹 3. (说法)直白的;毫不掩饰的(blunt, plain)

very plain and direct, without any detail

📘 中文:

直白的;不加修饰的

📗 例句:

His reply was a bald “no”.  他的回答就是一个直白的“不同意”。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

单词

词性

中文

balding

adj.

正在变秃的;开始脱发的

baldness

n.

秃头;脱发

baldly

adv.

直白地;坦率地

bald-faced

adj.

明显的;公然的(如 a bald-faced lie)

三、同义词(Synonyms)

✔ “秃头的”

hairless balding(开始秃) bare-headed

✔ “光秃的”

bare barren exposed

✔ “直白的”

blunt plain direct forthright

四、固定搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文

go bald

开始脱发

bald spot

秃斑

bald eagle

秃鹰(美洲)

bald statement

直白的陈述

bald head

光头

五、雅思用法(IELTS Notes)

在描述人物时常用: “The man was middle-aged and slightly bald.” 在自然描述中可用: “The hilltop remains bald due to strong winds.”

🟦 ball

/bɔːl/

n. / v.* (牛津英汉词典风格+雅思学术标准+派生词+同义词)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹 1. 球;球状物

a round object used in games or as a solid sphere

📘 中文:

球;球体;球状物

📗 例句:

Children were playing with a ball in the yard.  孩子们在院子里玩球。

🔹 2. 球类运动中的球(足球、篮球等)

the object that is hit, thrown or kicked in sports

📗 例句:

He kicked the ball into the net.  他把球踢进网里。

🔹 3. 舞会;大型舞宴

a large formal dance event

📘 中文:

舞会;盛大舞宴

📗 例句:

They attended a charity ball last night.  他们昨晚参加了慈善舞会。

🔹 4. (非正式)睾丸

testicles (informal; often plural balls)

📘 注意:口语中常见,正式写作避免。

二、动词释义(Verb Meanings)

🔹 5. 使成球状;捏成球

to form something into a round shape

📗 例句:

She balled the paper and threw it away.  她把纸揉成球扔掉。

三、常用短语(Phrasal Uses)

短语

中文

on the ball

机灵;反应快

the ball is in your court

轮到你行动了

start the ball rolling

开始某事;开头

keep the ball rolling

保持势头;继续进行

四、派生词(Derivatives)

单词

词性

中文

ball-shaped

adj.

球形的

baller(非正式)

n.

技术高超的人;过得很潇洒的人

ball-like

adj.

像球一样的

(“ball”本身是基础名词,正式派生词不多)

五、同义词(Synonyms)

✔ “球 / 球体”

sphere globe orb

✔ “舞会”

dance gala banquet(宽泛,正式)

✔ “揉成球”

roll up crumple (成团,但不一定是球形)

六、雅思用法(IELTS Notes)

在 Task 1 图表写作中,“ball-shaped”可用来描述形状。 口语中常见习语:“I need to keep the ball rolling.” 描述运动类话题时: “I enjoy ball sports such as basketball and volleyball.”

🟦 ballet

/ˈbæleɪ/

n.

(牛津英汉词典风格+雅思学术标准+派生词+同义词)

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹 1. 芭蕾舞;芭蕾艺术

a type of classical dance performed to music, using precise and graceful movements

📘 中文:

芭蕾舞;芭蕾艺术

📗 例句:

She has studied ballet since she was five.  她五岁开始学习芭蕾。

🔹 2. 芭蕾舞剧

a performance or story told through ballet dancing

📘 中文:

芭蕾舞剧

📗 例句:

“Swan Lake” is one of the most famous ballets in the world.  《天鹅湖》是世界上最著名的芭蕾舞剧之一。

🔹 3. 芭蕾舞团(可数)

a company of ballet dancers

📘 中文:

芭蕾舞团

📗 例句:

The national ballet is touring Europe.  国家芭蕾舞团正在欧洲巡演。

二、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文

ballet dancer

芭蕾舞者

ballet company

芭蕾舞团

ballet training

芭蕾训练

classical ballet

古典芭蕾

modern ballet

现代芭蕾

三、派生词(Derivatives)

单词

词性

中文

ballerina

n.

女芭蕾舞者

balletic

adj.

芭蕾式的;优雅轻盈的

ballet dancer

n.

芭蕾舞演员(男女皆可)

ballerino

n.

男芭蕾舞者(较少见)

四、同义词(Synonyms)

(“ballet”属专门艺术词,对应同义词较少)

dance theatre(舞蹈剧场) classical dance(古典舞;广泛) ballet performance(表演类同义表达)

(严格意义上,ballet 是不可完全替代的术语)

五、雅思用法(IELTS Notes)

Speaking Part 1/Part 2 文化与兴趣话题常出现: “I’m fascinated by ballet because of its elegance and discipline.” Writing Task 2 艺术教育相关话题可用: “Classical ballet requires extensive training and physical strength.”

🟦 ball-point pen

/ˌbɔːl pɔɪnt ˈpen/

n.

(牛津英汉词典风格+雅思学术+派生词+同义词)

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

🔹 ball-point pen / ballpoint pen

a pen that has a very small ball at the tip which rolls ink onto the paper

📘 中文:

圆珠笔;原子笔

📗 例句:

She signed the document with a ball-point pen.  她用圆珠笔签署了文件。

备注:

ball-point pen = ballpoint pen(都正确,现代更常用 ballpoint pen)

二、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文

ball-point pen refill

圆珠笔替芯

ball-point pen ink

圆珠笔油墨

blue/black ball-point pen

蓝色/黑色圆珠笔

use a ball-point pen

使用圆珠笔

三、派生词(Derivatives)

(此词为复合名词,本身派生较少)

单词

词性

中文

ballpoint

n.

圆珠笔(简写)

ballpoint refill

n.

圆珠笔芯

ballpoint writing

n.

圆珠笔书写

四、同义词(Synonyms)

biro(英式,常见) ball pen(简化说法) rollerball pen(滚珠笔;书写更顺滑,但技术上不同)

五、雅思用法(IELTS Notes)

写作考试规定必须使用黑色圆珠笔(ball-point pen)。 口语中描述文具、学习习惯常出现: “I always carry a black ball-point pen for taking notes.”

🟦 ballroom

/ˈbɔːlruːm/

n.

(牛津英汉+雅思学术+派生词+同义词)

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

🔹 ballroom

a large room used for formal dances

📘 中文:

舞厅;宴会厅(可供跳舞的大厅)

📗 例句:

The hotel has a large ballroom for weddings and parties.  那家酒店有一个大型舞厅用于婚宴和聚会。

二、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文

grand ballroom

大舞厅

hotel ballroom

酒店宴会厅

ballroom dancing

(名)交际舞/舞厅舞

ballroom dancer

舞厅舞者

ballroom music

舞厅音乐

三、派生词(Derivatives)

单词

词性

中文

ballroom dancing

n.

舞厅舞、交际舞

ballroom dancer

n.

舞厅舞者

ballroom dance

n.

舞厅舞(如华尔兹、探戈等)

四、同义词(Synonyms)

dance hall banquet hall(语义略宽) hall(泛指大厅)

五、雅思提示(IELTS Notes)

可用于口语描述庆典、婚礼、派对场景:

“The reception was held in a beautifully decorated ballroom.”

🟩 bamboo

/bæmˈbuː/

n.

一、核心释义(Oxford + 常用)

🔹 bamboo

a tall tropical plant with hard hollow stems

📘 中文: 竹子;竹材

例句:

Bamboo grows quickly in warm climates.  竹子在温暖的气候中生长很快。

二、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文

bamboo shoots

竹笋

bamboo forest

竹林

bamboo mat

竹席

bamboo basket

竹篮

bamboo furniture

竹制家具

bamboo stick / pole

竹竿

三、派生词(Derivatives)

(注:bamboo 派生词极少,大多为复合词。)

派生/复合词

词性

中文

bamboo-like

adj.

像竹子的、似竹的

bamboo grove

n.

小竹林

bamboo-craft

n.

竹工艺

四、同义词(Synonyms)

严格意义上,“竹子”无直接同义词,但可在语境中使用:

cane(藤条/甘蔗,部分语境可指竹竿状材料) reed(芦苇,非严格同义,仅形状类似)

五、补充(IELTS Notes)

在雅思写作/口语中常用于:

描述自然生态:bamboo forest, bamboo ecosystem 描述可持续材料:bamboo products as eco-friendly alternatives