下面是 “biology” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
biology
/baɪˈɒlədʒi/
n.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 生物学
the scientific study of living organisms, their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution.
例句（学术/科学可用）：
She studied biology at university and specialized in molecular genetics.
2. （非正式）某人的生物学特征
the study of the physical and natural characteristics of a particular organism or species (rarely used this way).
例句：
The biologist analyzed the biology of the endangered species.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
cell biology / molecular biology / marine biology → 细胞学/分子生物学/海洋生物学 biology course / degree / department → 生物学课程/学位/系 biology teacher / student → 生物老师/学生 biology experiment / research → 生物实验/研究 human biology / plant biology → 人类生物学/植物学 biology lab / laboratory → 生物实验室
三、同义词（Synonyms）
life science natural science (broader, including biology) bioscience
四、派生词（Derivatives）
biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生物学的；生物的 Biological research is essential for understanding diseases. biologically adv. 从生物学角度；生物学上 Humans are biologically predisposed to social interaction. biologist n. 生物学家 The biologist discovered a new species of frog. biologize v. 用生物学方法研究（学术较少用）
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
Biology is a fundamental subject for students pursuing careers in medicine or environmental science. Advances in molecular biology have revolutionized the treatment of genetic disorders. Understanding human biology helps policymakers design effective public health interventions.
下面是 “bird” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
bird
/bɜːd/
n.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 鸟类
a warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrate distinguished by feathers, wings, and a beak.
例句（学术/生态可用）：
Many bird species migrate thousands of kilometers every year.
2. （非正式）人；小伙子/姑娘
informal: used in British English to refer to a young woman or girl.
例句（口语，英国用法）：
She’s a lovely bird.
3. 飞行器（文学或比喻）
literary or informal: sometimes used to refer to aircraft.
例句：
The old biplane was a remarkable bird of its time.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
bird species / bird population → 鸟类种类/数量 songbird / migratory bird / seabird → 鸣禽/候鸟/海鸟 bird watching / bird watching tour → 观鸟 / 观鸟旅行 bird sanctuary / reserve → 鸟类保护区 nesting bird / endangered bird → 巢鸟 / 濒危鸟类 fly like a bird / free as a bird → 像鸟一样飞翔 / 自由如鸟
三、同义词（Synonyms）
fowl avian (adj.) feathered creature winged animal
四、派生词（Derivatives）
birdlike adj. 像鸟的；鸟类特征的 birdwatcher / bird-watcher n. 观鸟者 birding n. 观鸟活动 birdsong n. 鸟鸣 birdhouse / birdcage n. 鸟舍 / 鸟笼
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
Birds play a critical role in ecosystems, such as pollination and seed dispersal. The decline of certain bird species indicates environmental changes in the habitat. Birdwatching has become a popular recreational activity, contributing to ecotourism.
下面是 “birth” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
birth
/bɜːθ/
n. & v.（少用，birthing）
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 出生
the process of being born.
例句（学术/医学可用）：
The birth of a child is a significant event in a family’s life.
2. 出生地 / 出身
the place or circumstances of one’s origin.
例句：
She is proud of her noble birth.
3. 起源；产生
the start or beginning of something.
例句：
The invention marked the birth of modern telecommunications.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
give birth to → 生孩子 childbirth / natural birth / home birth / hospital birth → 分娩/自然分娩/家庭分娩/医院分娩 birth rate / mortality rate → 出生率 / 死亡率 at birth / since birth → 出生时 / 自出生以来 birth certificate → 出生证明 preterm / premature birth → 早产
三、同义词（Synonyms）
出生语境：delivery, parturition (医学) 起源语境：origin, beginning, genesis, emergence 出身语境：ancestry, lineage, family background
四、派生词（Derivatives）
birthplace n. 出生地 birthrate / birth rate n. 出生率 birthright n. 出生权；天赋权利 birthday n. 生日 birthing n./v. 分娩（医学或生育教育用语）
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
Advances in medical technology have significantly reduced complications during childbirth. The country has seen a decline in birth rates over the past decade. The industrial revolution marked the birth of modern urban society.
下面是 “biscuit” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
biscuit
/ˈbɪskɪt/
n.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 小饼干（英式英语）
a small baked unleavened cake, typically crisp, flat, and sweet.
例句（学术/日常可用）：
She offered tea and biscuits to her guests.
2. 面包干 / 烤干食品（美式英语）
a small, soft bread product, often served with meals (US meaning differs from UK “biscuit”).
例句（美国用法）：
They served biscuits and gravy for breakfast.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
digestive biscuit / chocolate biscuit / butter biscuit → 消化饼干/巧克力饼干/黄油饼干 pack of biscuits → 一包饼干 eat / serve / offer biscuits → 吃/供应/提供饼干 biscuit tin / box → 饼干盒 sweet / plain biscuit → 甜饼干/普通饼干
三、同义词（Synonyms）
cookie (US) cracker wafer sweet biscuit tea cake (某些语境)
四、派生词（Derivatives）
biscuit-shaped adj. 饼干形状的 biscuit-making / biscuit manufacturing n. 制作/生产饼干 biscuit tin / biscuit box n. 饼干盒
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
The study examined the sugar content in various types of biscuits commonly consumed in Europe. Biscuit consumption has increased globally due to the rise of snack culture. Manufacturers are exploring healthier ingredients for biscuits to reduce fat and sugar levels.
下面是 “bishop” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
bishop
/ˈbɪʃəp/
n.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 主教
a senior member of the Christian clergy, typically in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
例句（学术/宗教可用）：
The bishop presided over the ceremony in the cathedral.
2. 国际象棋中的象棋子
a piece in chess that moves diagonally across the board.
例句：
She captured her opponent’s bishop in the chess game.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
Roman Catholic / Anglican / Protestant bishop → 罗马天主教/圣公会/新教主教 bishopric / diocese → 主教区 ordain / consecrate a bishop → 任命/祝圣主教 bishop in chess → 国际象棋中的主教棋子 bishop’s authority / power → 主教权威
三、同义词（Synonyms）
宗教语境：
prelate cleric church leader
象棋语境：
chessman (generic) piece (generic)
四、派生词（Derivatives）
bishopric n. 主教职位；主教管辖区 bishoplike adj. 像主教的；具主教特质的 bishops pl. 主教们
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
The bishop delivered a sermon emphasizing the importance of community service. In medieval Europe, bishops often held both religious and political power. In chess strategy, controlling the center with a bishop can be decisive.
下面是 “bit” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
bit
/bɪt/
n. & v.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 小片；一点
a small piece, part, or quantity of something.
例句（学术/日常可用）：
He added a bit of sugar to the recipe.
2. 一点儿；稍微
used informally to indicate a small degree.
例句：
I’m a bit tired after the long journey.
3. （马具）马嚼子
a metal mouthpiece placed in a horse’s mouth to help control it.
例句：
The horse refused the bit and wouldn’t move forward.
4. （计算机）比特单位）
the smallest unit of information in computing, representing 0 or 1.
例句：
Modern computers process billions of bits per second.
5. 动词 v. 咬
to cut, press, or grip with the teeth; especially for animals.
例句：
The dog bit the stick in half.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
a bit of / a little bit → 一点儿 every bit → 每一部分 bit by bit → 逐渐地 computer bit / binary bit → 计算机比特 / 二进制位 bit the bullet → 硬着头皮做 dog bit / insect bite → 狗咬 / 昆虫叮咬
三、同义词（Synonyms）
小片 / 一点：piece, fragment, scrap, morsel, speck 咬：nip, chew, gnaw, chomp 计算机比特：binary digit
四、派生词（Derivatives）
bitten adj./v. 咬过的 biting adj. 咬人的；尖锐的（寒风或言辞） biter n. 咬的人或动物 bitwise adj. 按位（计算机术语）
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
Students should review the material bit by bit to understand complex concepts. In computing, a bit is the fundamental unit of data in binary code. The horse refused to take the bit during the riding lesson.
下面是 “bite” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
bite
/baɪt/
n. & v.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 咬；叮；螫
to cut, grip, or tear something with the teeth (for animals or humans), or to sting (for insects).
例句（学术/日常可用）：
The dog bit the postman’s hand.
Mosquitoes bite and can transmit diseases.
2. 一口；咬痕
a mark made by biting, or the amount taken in one bite.
例句：
She took a bite of the sandwich.
3. 影响；刺激（非正式/比喻）
something that has a sharp effect or impact.
例句：
The cold wind had a real bite.
4. （钩子或机械）抓紧/咬合
used for objects that grip or catch tightly.
例句：
Make sure the brake pads bite properly.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
take / have / give a bite → 咬一口 bite the bullet → 咬紧牙关，硬着头皮做 dog / snake / insect bite → 狗/蛇/昆虫咬 bite back / bite off more than you can chew → 克制反应 / 不自量力 bite the dust → 死亡或失败（口语）
三、同义词（Synonyms）
咬：nip, chew, gnaw, chomp, clamp 咬痕 / 一口：nibble, mouthful 刺激 / 刺痛：sting, tingle, smart 抓紧 / 咬合：clamp, grip
四、派生词（Derivatives）
biting adj. 咬人的；尖锐的；刺骨的 The biting wind made it hard to walk outside. bitingly adv. 尖刻地；猛烈地 biter n. 咬东西的人或动物
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
Some insects bite and can transmit infectious diseases to humans. The new winter coat protected against the biting cold of the mountains. The horse refused to take the bit during the training session.
下面是 “bitter” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
bitter
/ˈbɪtə/
adj. & n.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 味道苦的
having a sharp, pungent taste or smell; not sweet.
例句（学术/烹饪可用）：
The coffee was too bitter for my liking.
2. 强烈的；激烈的
used to describe strong negative emotions, experiences, or conflicts.
例句：
There was a bitter dispute between the two countries over the border.
She felt bitter disappointment at losing the scholarship.
3. 严寒的；刺骨的
intensely cold or harsh (weather).
例句：
A bitter wind swept across the valley.
4. 苦味剂（饮料用）
noun: a type of strong alcoholic drink flavoured with herbs, especially in British usage.
例句：
He ordered a pint of bitter at the pub.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
bitter cold / wind / weather → 刺骨的寒冷/风/天气 bitter disappointment / regret / resentment → 苦涩的失望/遗憾/怨恨 bitter conflict / feud / rivalry → 激烈的冲突/世仇/竞争 taste / smell bitter → 味道/气味苦 brew / pour a bitter → 酿造/倒苦啤酒
三、同义词（Synonyms）
苦味：acrid, sharp, pungent 激烈情绪/冲突：resentful, acrimonious, hostile, harsh 寒冷：freezing, frigid, piercing, icy 饮料苦味：ale (in context), dark beer
四、派生词（Derivatives）
bitterly adv. 苦涩地；强烈地 She was bitterly disappointed by the exam results. bitterness n. 苦味；苦涩感；怨恨 The bitterness of his defeat lingered for months. bittering n. 苦味剂（饮料用）
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
The medicine had a bitter taste that made it difficult to swallow. Bitter disputes over trade policies can affect international relations. The bitter winter caused widespread crop damage in the region.
下面是 “b/l” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术风格整理（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、例句）。
b/l
/ˌbiː ˈel/
n. abbreviation
一、释义（Oxford / 商务用语）
1. 提单（Bill of Lading）
A legal document issued by a carrier to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. It serves as a title of goods, a receipt, and a contract between the shipper and the carrier.
例句（学术/贸易可用）：
The exporter provided the shipping company with the B/L to confirm the consignment.
2. 其他常见缩写
B/L 在不同语境中可表示 balance, baseline, 等，但在国际贸易中最常用指 Bill of Lading。
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
issue / sign / receive a B/L → 签发/接收提单 negotiable / non-negotiable B/L → 可转让/不可转让提单 original / copy of B/L → 提单正本/副本 endorse a B/L → 背书提单 B/L number / date → 提单编号/日期
三、同义词（Synonyms / Related Terms）
shipping document consignment note freight receipt transport document
四、派生词（Derivatives）
bill of lading n. 提单（全称） BL clause n. 提单条款
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style / 商务英语）
Banks require the original B/L before releasing payment under a letter of credit. A negotiable B/L allows the holder to transfer ownership of the goods. Errors in the B/L can lead to delays at the port and customs clearance.
下面是 “black” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
black
/blæk/
adj. & n. & v.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 颜色：黑色的
of the very darkest colour, the opposite of white.
例句（学术/日常可用）：
She wore a black dress to the formal event.
2. 暗沉的；阴暗的
used metaphorically to describe darkness, gloom, or evil.
例句：
He felt a black mood after hearing the bad news.
3. 种族；肤色
used to describe people of African or African-Caribbean origin.
例句：
The festival celebrates black culture and heritage.
4. （名词）煤炭 / 黑色物质
She painted the wall with black.
The chimney was full of black from the coal fire.
5. （动词）使变黑 / 涂黑）
to make something black or dark.
例句：
The smoke blacked the sky.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
black night / sky / cloud → 漆黑的夜晚/天空/乌云 black market / economy → 黑市/地下经济 black coffee / tea → 不加奶的咖啡/茶 blacklist / blackmail → 黑名单 / 敲诈 black belt / black sheep → 黑带 / 害群之马
三、同义词（Synonyms）
颜色：dark, ebony, jet, inky, onyx 比喻：gloomy, dismal, sombre, evil 黑市/非法：illicit, underground
四、派生词（Derivatives）
blacken v. 变黑；使变黑；诋毁 The walls blackened after the fire. blackness n. 黑色；黑暗；绝望 The blackness of the night made it hard to see. blackly adv. 黑暗地；愤怒地 He laughed blackly at the insult. blackout n. 停电；失去意识；信息封锁
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
Coal is a black fossil fuel that has been used for centuries for energy production. Black clouds gathered over the city, signaling an approaching storm. The festival highlights black cultural contributions to music, literature, and art.
下面是 “blackboard” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
blackboard
/ˈblækbɔːd/
n.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 黑板
a large board with a smooth, dark surface used for writing on with chalk in a classroom.
例句（学术/教育可用）：
The teacher wrote the key points of the lesson on the blackboard.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
chalk / white chalk on the blackboard → 在黑板上用粉笔书写 wipe / clean the blackboard → 擦黑板 blackboard presentation / exercise → 黑板讲解 / 黑板练习 interactive blackboard / electronic blackboard → 互动黑板 / 电子黑板
三、同义词（Synonyms）
chalkboard (US) writing board teaching board
四、派生词（Derivatives）
blackboard eraser n. 黑板擦 blackboard teaching n. 黑板教学法 blackboard notes n. 黑板笔记
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
Teachers often summarize lessons on the blackboard to help students take notes. The classroom was equipped with a large blackboard for interactive learning. In modern classrooms, blackboards are increasingly replaced by digital whiteboards.
下面是 “blacksmith” 的 牛津英语词典 + 雅思学术标准完整词条（含读音、释义、派生词、搭配、同义词、例句）。
blacksmith
/ˈblæksmɪθ/
n.
一、释义（Oxford）
1. 铁匠
a person who makes and repairs things in iron by hand, using a forge and hammer.
例句（学术/历史可用）：
In medieval villages, the blacksmith played a crucial role in making tools and horseshoes.
二、常见搭配（Collocations）
skilled / traditional blacksmith → 技艺精湛的 / 传统铁匠 blacksmith workshop / forge → 铁匠铺 apprentice blacksmith → 铁匠学徒 blacksmith tools / hammer / anvil → 铁匠工具 / 铁锤 / 铁砧
三、同义词（Synonyms）
farrier (主要指马蹄铁铁匠) metalworker ironworker smith
四、派生词（Derivatives）
blacksmithing n. 铁匠工作；铁匠手艺 He learned blacksmithing from his father. blacksmith’s forge n. 铁匠炉 blacksmithy n. 铁匠铺
五、雅思学术例句（IELTS style）
Blacksmiths were essential in traditional societies for producing agricultural tools and weapons. The study of blacksmithing techniques offers insight into historical craftsmanship and technology. Modern blacksmiths often combine traditional methods with contemporary design for artistic metalwork.
❄🌸Snow Cherry Blossom🌸❄ 