单词A29

🟦 assort

/əˈsɔːt/ (BrE, AmE)

verb 【及物/不及物动词】(formal 正式用语)

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

1️⃣ 分类;分组;配合(to group things or people according to type, class, or category)

to arrange or group things or people according to their type, quality, or class

📘 中文释义: 把…分类;分等;归类

例句:

The items are assorted according to size and color.  这些物品按大小和颜色分类。 Books were assorted neatly on the shelves.  书架上的书分类整齐地摆放着。

✅ 该词多用于正式或商业语境,如库存管理、产品分类等。

2️⃣ (与…)协调;(与…)相配(to match or go well with)

to fit or match well together; to be compatible

📘 中文释义: (与…)协调;(与…)相配

例句:

The colors assort well together.  这些颜色搭配得很好。 Their personalities do not assort.  他们的性格合不来。

二、语法与结构(Grammar & Patterns)

结构

含义

示例

assort sth. by / according to sth.

按…分类

The goods were assorted by quality.

be assorted

被分类

The data have been assorted into three categories.

assort with sb./sth.

与…相配 / 协调

The new design doesn’t assort with the old furniture.

三、常用派生词(Derived Forms)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

assorted

adj.

各种各样的;混合的;多样的

an assorted collection of sweets 各种糖果;assorted colors 各种颜色

assortment

n.

各种各样;混合物;分类

an assortment of fruits 各种水果;a wide assortment of books 各类书籍

✅ “assorted” 与 “assortment” 是实际中最常用的两个形式,在雅思写作与学术词汇中出现频率更高。

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

中文释义

区别

classify

分类;归类

强调科学或系统性分类(学术语常用)

categorize

分类;归入类别

常用于数据或抽象概念的分类

arrange

整理;安排

泛指有序地组织物品

organize

组织;安排

强调整体结构性

sort

分类;整理

与 assort 最接近的日常用词(语体较口语)

group

分组

强调整体划分为若干组

match

相配;协调

对应第二义(搭配、协调)用法

五、雅思与学术用法(IELTS / Academic Usage)

✅ IELTS Writing Task 1

在描述数据分类、种类划分或调查分组时常见:

The data were assorted into five income groups. The samples were assorted according to gender and age.

✅ IELTS Writing Task 2

可用于替换 classify / categorize 以避免重复,提升词汇多样性(lexical resource):

People are often assorted into social classes based on their income level. Modern societies tend to assort individuals according to educational background.

六、搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

示例

be assorted by / according to

按…分类

The students were assorted by performance.

assorted collection / set / range / variety

各种各样的…

an assorted range of vegetables 各种蔬菜

a wide / rich assortment of

各种各样的

The shop sells a wide assortment of souvenirs.

七、语体与风格(Register & Usage)

场景

风格

示例

日常用语

稍正式

“sort” 更常用

商业/零售

正式常见

“assorted goods”, “product assortment”

学术写作

正式

多用于“data assorting”, “categorical assortment”

八、总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词(v.)

发音

/əˈsɔːt/

核心义

分类;协调;相配

常见结构

assort sth. by… / assort with…

派生词

assorted (adj.);assortment (n.)

同义词

sort, classify, categorize, organize

IELTS 用法

学术分类、统计描述、社会分层

风格

正式、书面语

🟦 assume

/əˈsjuːm/ (BrE) | /əˈsuːm/ (AmE)

verb (v.) 【及物动词】

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

1️⃣ 假定;假设;认为(to suppose or accept as true without proof)

📘 中文释义: 假定;以为;假设

to think or accept that something is true without having proof

例句:

I assumed (that) he was coming.  我以为他会来。 It is generally assumed that stress causes health problems. ✅ (雅思写作高频句型)  人们普遍认为压力会导致健康问题。 Don’t assume too much before seeing the evidence.  在看到证据前别妄下假定。

✅ 学术写作中常用于表达逻辑假设,是“认为 / 假设”的正式替代词。

2️⃣ 承担(责任、职位等);取得(权力、控制)

📘 中文释义: 承担;取得;就职

to begin to have power or responsibility; to take control of

例句:

He assumed full responsibility for the failure.  他承担了全部失败的责任。 She assumed the role of leader after the manager resigned.  经理辞职后她担任了领导职位。 The new government will assume power next month.  新政府下月上台执政。

3️⃣ 假装;装出(某种样子)(to pretend to have a particular quality)

📘 中文释义: 假装;呈现出(某种样子)

to behave in a way that makes people believe something that is not true

例句:

He assumed an air of indifference.  他装出一副漠不关心的样子。 She assumed a confident smile.  她露出自信的微笑。

4️⃣ (正式)采用;呈现(to take on a form, character, etc.)

📘 中文释义: 采用;呈现出

to begin to have a particular quality, appearance, or form

例句:

The discussion assumed a political tone.  讨论带上了政治色彩。 The situation assumed alarming proportions.  局势变得令人担忧。

二、常见语法结构(Grammar & Patterns)

结构

含义

示例

assume (that) + 从句

假设 / 认为

Many people assume that success brings happiness.

assume sb./sth. to be + n./adj.

假定某人/物是…

I assumed her to be his assistant.

be assumed to + 动词原形

被认为…(被动语态,学术常用)

The theory is assumed to be correct.

assume responsibility / control / power / role / importance

承担 / 控制 / 就任 / 变得重要

He assumed control of the company.

三、派生词(Derived Forms)

词性

中文释义

示例

assumption

n.

假定;设想;担任

The assumption that money equals success is misleading.

assumed

adj.

假定的;假装的

under an assumed name 以假名

assuming

adj.

傲慢的,自负的(少见)

Don’t be so assuming.

unassuming

adj.

谦逊的;不张扬的

She is intelligent but unassuming.

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

中文释义

区别

suppose

假设;以为

语气较弱,日常常用

presume

假定;推测

比 assume 更正式,暗示有合理依据

infer

推断

根据证据逻辑推理得出结论

postulate

假设(学术用)

科学或哲学中的正式假设

take on

承担

口语化地表示承担责任或任务

adopt

采用

强调接受新立场或做法

五、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

示例

assume responsibility / control / command / office / role / power

承担 / 控制 / 上任 / 掌权

The deputy assumed office immediately.

assume importance / significance / proportions

变得重要 / 严重

The issue assumed greater importance after the scandal.

commonly / generally / widely assumed

普遍认为

It is widely assumed that education improves lives.

make an assumption

做出假设

Don’t make assumptions without data.

on the assumption that…

基于…的假设

The plan was made on the assumption that costs would remain stable.

六、雅思写作与学术用途(IELTS Academic Usage)

✅ Writing Task 2 常用句型

用法

示例句

翻译

It is commonly assumed that…

It is commonly assumed that technology makes people less social.

人们普遍认为科技使人变得不合群。

Many people assume that…

Many people assume that success equals happiness.

许多人认为成功等于幸福。

This study assumes that…

This study assumes that income level affects education access.

本研究假设收入水平影响教育机会。

The model is based on the assumption that…

The model is based on the assumption that all variables remain constant.

该模型建立在所有变量保持不变的假设之上。

✅ “It is assumed that…” 是学术论文中表达研究假设的常用句型。

七、语体与风格(Register & Tone)

场景

风格

说明

日常口语

中性

表示“以为”或“猜想”

学术写作

正式

表示“假设、认为”

政治/组织语境

正式

表示“担任、掌权”

文学/修辞

较书面

表示“假装、装作”

八、总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词(v.)

发音

/əˈsjuːm/ (BrE), /əˈsuːm/ (AmE)

核心义

假定;认为;承担;假装

派生词

assumption, assumed, unassuming

同义词

suppose, presume, infer, postulate, take on

常用搭配

assume responsibility / assume that / on the assumption that

IELTS 用法

用于提出假设、表述普遍观点、构建学术逻辑

风格

正式、学术、逻辑性强

🟦 assure

/əˈʃʊə(r)/ (BrE) | /əˈʃʊr/ (AmE)

verb (v.) 【及物动词】

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

1️⃣ 向某人保证;使确信(to tell someone confidently that something is true)

📘 中文释义: 向……保证;使……放心

to tell someone confidently that something is true or will happen, so that they do not worry

例句:

She assured me that everything would be fine.  她向我保证一切都会好起来。 I can assure you that this product is safe.  我向你保证这款产品是安全的。 “Don’t worry,” he assured her.  “别担心,”他安慰地说。

✅ 此义在口语与雅思口语 Part 3、写作中都非常常用,用于表达信心或承诺。

2️⃣ 确保(某事发生);保障(安全、成功等)

📘 中文释义: 确保;保证(某事发生或某种情况存在)

to make certain that something happens or is achieved

例句:

The agreement assures equal rights for all citizens.  该协议保证所有公民享有平等权利。 Proper planning will assure the project’s success.  合理的规划能确保项目成功。 The new law assures better protection for workers.  新法律确保工人得到更好的保护。

3️⃣ (保险业用语)承保;给……上保险(to insure a person’s life)

📘 中文释义: 承保;保险

to insure someone’s life so that money is paid to their family if they die

例句:

He was assured for £100,000.  他的人寿保险金额为10万英镑。

(该义较正式,多见于英式用法。)

二、语法结构(Grammar & Patterns)

结构

含义

示例

assure sb. (that) + 从句

向某人保证……

She assured me that she would call.

assure sb. of sth.

向某人保证某事

He assured us of his support.

be assured that…

请放心……

You may be assured that we will do our best.

assure + success/safety/future

确保……

The plan assures success.

三、派生词(Derived Forms)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

assurance

n.

保证;信心;(英)保险

We have their assurance that the work will be done on time.

assured

adj.

确信的;有保障的

His victory seems assured.

assuredly

adv.

确实地;肯定地

Success will assuredly come.

self-assured

adj.

自信的;沉着的

She spoke in a calm, self-assured voice.

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

中文释义

区别

guarantee

保证

强调提供正式或法律上的保证

ensure

确保

关注确保结果或条件成立

confirm

确认

表示核实或验证事实

promise

承诺

强调个人承诺或未来行为

reassure

使放心

强调“安慰、消除担忧”

secure

保证 / 获得

语气正式,常用于政治或商业语境

✅ 区分:

assure — 对人说“放心,我保证” ensure — 确保结果发生 insure — 上保险(money protection)

五、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

示例

assure sb. that…

向某人保证……

I assure you that everything is under control.

assure sb. of sth.

向某人保证某事

The company assured customers of its product quality.

give / offer assurance

提供保证

They gave assurance that help would come.

an assured future / success / victory

确定的未来 / 胜利

With such effort, success is assured.

be assured of sth.

确信 / 确保

You can be assured of our full support.

六、雅思写作与口语用法(IELTS Usage)

✅ Writing Task 2 用法

表达

示例句

中文释义

Governments should assure equal access to education.

政府应确保教育机会平等。

Effective planning assures sustainable growth.

有效的规划保证了可持续增长。

It is important to assure citizens of their safety.

让市民确信他们的安全十分重要。

We can assure that this policy will bring positive change.

我们可以保证该政策将带来积极变化。

✅ 适合替换 “ensure / guarantee”,语气更正式、更有“责任感”。

七、语体与风格(Register & Tone)

场景

风格

说明

日常口语

正式、安抚性

“Don’t worry, I assure you.”

商务/书信

正式、礼貌

“We assure you of our continued support.”

学术/政策

正式

“The system assures fairness and accountability.”

八、总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词(vt.)

发音

/əˈʃʊə(r)/ (BrE), /əˈʃʊr/ (AmE)

核心义

向某人保证;确保;承保

派生词

assurance, assured, assuredly, self-assured

同义词

guarantee, ensure, confirm, promise, reassure, secure

常见搭配

assure sb. (that)… / assure sb. of sth. / be assured of

IELTS 用法

用于表达“政府、机构确保某事”或“安抚语气”

语体

正式、书面、用于安抚或承诺

🟦 astonish

/əˈstɒnɪʃ/ (BrE) | /əˈstɑːnɪʃ/ (AmE)

verb (v.) 【及物动词】

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

使大为惊奇;使震惊

📘 中文释义: 使……十分惊讶、吃惊

to surprise someone very much; to amaze someone

例句:

Her performance astonished everyone in the audience.  她的表演令观众大为惊讶。 It astonishes me how quickly she learned English.  她学英语的速度令我吃惊。 The news astonished the whole community.  这条消息震惊了整个社区。

✅ 表示“惊讶到无法预料”,语气比 surprise 更强烈。

二、语法结构(Grammar & Patterns)

结构

示例

释义

astonish sb.

His speech astonished the audience.

使某人震惊

be astonished (at / by sth.)

I was astonished at his behavior.

对……感到震惊

be astonished to do sth.

She was astonished to hear the news.

听到……感到惊讶

It astonishes sb. that…

It astonishes me that you don’t know!

令某人惊讶的是……

三、派生词(Derived Forms)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

astonished

adj.

惊讶的

She looked astonished when she saw me.

astonishing

adj.

惊人的;令人吃惊的

It’s astonishing how fast technology develops.

astonishingly

adv.

惊人地;出奇地

The results were astonishingly good.

astonishment

n.

惊讶;惊奇

He stared in astonishment at the painting.

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

中文释义

语气与用法区别

amaze

使惊奇

日常用语,感情色彩稍弱于 astonish

astound

使震惊

强调“惊得说不出话”,语气比 astonish 强烈

surprise

使惊讶

最常用、最中性的“惊讶”

shock

使震惊

带有“震惊、不安”负面含义

startle

使受惊

突然受惊,多用于动物或短暂反应

stun

使目瞪口呆

强调被震撼得一时说不出话

✅ 强度排序(从弱到强):

surprise → amaze → astonish → astound → stun / shock

五、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

示例

astonish sb. with sth.

用某事使人惊讶

He astonished his teachers with his progress.

be astonished at / by

对……惊讶

We were astonished at the result.

to one’s astonishment

令人吃惊地

To my astonishment, she agreed immediately.

express astonishment

表达惊讶

The scientist expressed astonishment at the discovery.

六、雅思写作与口语(IELTS Usage)

🎓 IELTS Writing Task 2 常用句型:

示例

中文释义

Many people are astonished by how rapidly technology is changing our lives.

许多人对科技改变生活的速度感到惊讶。

It is astonishing that some countries still rely on outdated energy sources.

一些国家仍依赖落后的能源,这令人吃惊。

The results of the research were astonishingly consistent.

研究结果出奇地一致。

✅ 雅思写作中常用 astonishing / astonishingly 来增强语气,替换 boring 的 very surprising / extremely amazing。

🗣️ IELTS Speaking 常见用法:

“I was astonished when I visited Japan — everything was so clean and organized.” “It really astonished me how friendly people were.”

七、词源小记(Etymology)

来自拉丁语 “extonare”(意为“震雷般地打击”)→ 中古法语 “estoner” → 英语 astonish,原意“被雷吓到”。

八、总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词(vt.)

发音

/əˈstɒnɪʃ/ (BrE), /əˈstɑːnɪʃ/ (AmE)

核心义

使惊讶;使震惊

常见搭配

astonish sb. / be astonished at / in astonishment

派生词

astonished, astonishing, astonishingly, astonishment

同义词

amaze, astound, surprise, shock, startle, stun

IELTS 写作用法

替换 “very surprising”;常见搭配 It is astonishing that…

语气

强烈、正式、表达深度惊讶

🟦 astray

/əˈstreɪ/

adverb & adjective 【副词/形容词】

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

🔹迷路;误入歧途;走错方向

📘 中文释义:

偏离正道、迷路、误入歧途、出错。

away from the correct path or direction; in error; doing the wrong thing.

**二、主要用法(Usage)

✅ 1. go / get / be led astray

➡️ “走错路;误入歧途;被引入歧途”

例句:

The hikers went astray in the mountains.  登山者在山中迷了路。 His ambition led him astray.  他的野心使他误入歧途。 She was led astray by bad friends.  她被坏朋友带坏了。

✅ 2. set / go astray(比喻义)

➡️ “出错;偏离目标或计划”

例句:

If one piece of data goes astray, the whole experiment may fail.  如果一个数据出错,整个实验可能失败。 Several letters went astray in the post.  几封信在邮寄过程中丢失了。

三、语法结构(Grammar & Patterns)

用法

词性

示例

含义

go astray

adv.

The sheep went astray.

迷路;走丢

lead sb. astray

adv.

Peer pressure can lead teenagers astray.

使人误入歧途

something goes astray

adv.

My documents went astray in the office.

丢失、出错

astray (adj.)

adj.

The astray traveler was found at last.

走失的(较少用)

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义

语气区别

lost

迷路、迷失

强调身体或精神上的迷失

misled

被误导

强调受他人影响做错事

off track

偏离方向

多用于计划、研究、议题偏离主题

errant

行为错误的;偏离正道的

正式用语,多用于文学或书面表达

deviant

偏离常规的

常带有道德或社会层面的负面色彩

五、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

示例

go astray

迷路;偏离

Some tourists went astray in the forest.

lead sb. astray

引某人误入歧途

He was led astray by false friends.

letters go astray

邮件丢失

A few letters went astray during delivery.

set sb. astray

使人误导

Wrong information can set researchers astray.

六、派生相关词(Related Words)

词汇

词性

中文释义

astray

adv. / adj.

迷路的;误入歧途的

stray

v./n./adj.

走失;流浪动物;迷途的(基础词根)

📘 “astray” 来自 “a-”(=on) + “stray”(走失) → “偏离正路”

七、雅思写作与口语用法(IELTS Academic Usage)

✍️ IELTS Writing Task 2

适用于“青年价值观”“教育”“社会道德”类话题。

高分句型示例:

Many young people are led astray by the desire for quick success.  许多年轻人因急功近利而误入歧途。 The development of technology can sometimes go astray if it is not ethically guided.  若缺乏伦理引导,科技发展有时可能偏离正轨。 Government policies may go astray without proper supervision.  若缺乏监督,政府政策可能偏离方向。

🗣️ IELTS Speaking

“When I was younger, I almost went astray, but my parents guided me back.” “Some people go astray because of negative influences on social media.”

八、词源(Etymology)

来自中世纪英语 astraye,源自法语 estrayer(迷路),

词根 stray = “走失、游荡”,加上前缀 a- 表示“在……状态中”。

✅ 总结

项目

内容

词性

副词 / 形容词

发音

/əˈstreɪ/

核心义

迷路;偏离正道;误入歧途

常见搭配

go astray / lead sb. astray / letters go astray

同义词

lost, misled, off track, errant

IELTS 用法

描述道德偏差、社会问题、政策偏离

语气

比喻与正式语中较常用,文学感较强

🟦 astronaut

/ˈæstrənɔːt/ (BrE) | /ˈæstrənɒːt/ (AmE)

noun 【可数名词 C】

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

🔹宇航员;太空人

📘 中文释义:

受过专门训练、执行太空飞行任务的人。

a person who has been trained to travel and work in space.

二、英文解释(Definition)

Oxford: “A person whose job involves travelling and working in a spacecraft.” (从事太空飞行与操作任务的专业人员。) Cambridge: “Someone who travels into space as part of their job.”

三、例句(Examples)

The astronauts spent six months aboard the International Space Station.  这些宇航员在国际空间站上停留了六个月。 Neil Armstrong was the first astronaut to walk on the moon.  尼尔·阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的宇航员。 The training of an astronaut requires both physical and psychological strength.  宇航员的训练需要身心的双重力量。

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

示例

train as an astronaut

受训成为宇航员

She trained as an astronaut at NASA.

NASA astronaut

美国国家航空航天局宇航员

He’s a former NASA astronaut.

Chinese astronaut / taikonaut

中国航天员

The Chinese astronauts conducted space experiments.

spacecraft pilot / astronaut crew

宇航飞行员 / 宇航员团队

The astronaut crew launched into orbit.

become an astronaut

成为宇航员

It was his dream to become an astronaut.

五、相关词汇(Related Words)

词汇

词性

含义

备注

cosmonaut

n.

宇航员(俄国用法)

来自俄语 kosmos(宇宙)+ nautes(航行者)

taikonaut

n.

中国航天员(中文译名)

taikong(太空)+ naut

spaceman / spacewoman

n.

宇航员(非正式)

通俗或文学表达

space pilot

n.

太空飞行员

强调驾驶任务

space explorer

n.

太空探险者

强调探索性质

六、派生词(Derived Words)

派生词

词性

含义

示例

astronautical

adj.

航天的;宇航的

astronautical engineering(航天工程)

astronautics

n.

航天学;宇航术

He majored in astronautics at university.

astronomy

n.

天文学(不同学科)

Astronomy studies the universe; astronautics studies space travel.

七、同义词与区别(Synonyms & Distinctions)

词汇

含义

区别

astronaut

一般指美国或国际的宇航员

常用、最广泛

cosmonaut

苏联或俄罗斯的宇航员

俄式用法

taikonaut

中国航天员

中文音译词

spaceman / spacewoman

太空人(非正式)

通俗口语或儿童语

space explorer

太空探险者

强调探索性质

八、词源(Etymology)

📘 来自希腊语:

astro- = “star 星” -naut = “sailor 水手”

✨ 直译为 “星际航行者” (sailor among the stars)。

**九、雅思学术用法(IELTS Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作(Writing Task 2)

常用于科技发展、太空探索、科学投资等主题。

高分句型示例:

The training of astronauts requires advanced scientific knowledge and teamwork.  宇航员的训练需要先进的科学知识与团队合作。 Sending astronauts to Mars represents a milestone in human exploration.  派遣宇航员登火星是人类探索的重要里程碑。 Some argue that governments should invest more in astronomy rather than astronautics.  有人认为政府应更多投资于天文学而非航天学。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking Part 2/3)

“When I was a child, I dreamed of becoming an astronaut.” “The courage of astronauts inspires people around the world.” “Space travel allows astronauts to see the Earth from a completely new perspective.”

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词(countable)

发音

/ˈæstrənɔːt/

中文释义

宇航员;太空人

常见搭配

NASA astronaut / train as an astronaut / astronaut crew

派生词

astronautics(航天学), astronautical(航天的)

同义词

cosmonaut, taikonaut, spaceman, space explorer

雅思用法

科技发展、太空探索、科学投资类作文高频词

词源

astro (星) + naut (航行者) → “星际航行者”

🟦 astronomy

/əˈstrɒnəmi/ (BrE) | /əˈstrɑːnəmi/ (AmE)

noun 【不可数名词 U】

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

🔹天文学

📘 中文释义:

研究恒星、行星、宇宙等天体及其运动规律的科学。

the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, and the universe

二、英文解释(Oxford / Cambridge)

Oxford: “The scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, and other objects in space.” Cambridge: “The scientific study of the universe and the objects in it, including stars, planets, and galaxies.”

三、例句(Examples)

She studied astronomy at university before joining the space program.  她大学时学的是天文学,后来加入了航天项目。 Modern astronomy relies heavily on powerful telescopes and computer models.  现代天文学极度依赖强大的望远镜与计算模型。 Advances in astronomy have changed our understanding of the universe.  天文学的进步改变了我们对宇宙的理解。

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

示例

study / learn / teach astronomy

学习 / 教授天文学

She teaches astronomy at Oxford.

astronomy class / course / department

天文学课程 / 系

I’m taking an astronomy course this semester.

modern astronomy

现代天文学

Modern astronomy explores dark matter and energy.

observational astronomy

观测天文学

Observational astronomy depends on clear skies.

the field / branch of astronomy

天文学领域 / 分支

Radio astronomy is a key branch of astronomy.

五、派生词(Derived Words)

派生词

词性

含义

示例

astronomer

n. 天文学家

An astronomer studies stars and galaxies.

astronomical

adj. 天文学的;巨大的

Astronomical distances separate galaxies.

astronomically

adv. 天文学上地;极其巨大地

The cost was astronomically high.

六、同义词与相关词(Synonyms & Related Terms)

词汇

含义

区别

astronomy

天文学

研究宇宙与天体的科学

astrophysics

天体物理学

用物理学解释天文现象

cosmology

宇宙学

研究宇宙的起源与结构

astronautics

航天学

研究太空飞行与航天技术

space science

太空科学

包括天文学、行星学等更广泛领域

七、词源(Etymology)

📘 来自希腊语:

astro- = “star 星” -nomy = “law, system 规律、学科”

✨ 意为 “研究星体规律的学科”。

**八、雅思学术用法(IELTS Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作(Writing Task 2)

常出现在“科学发展”、“教育投资”、“宇宙探索”等主题中。

高分句型示例:

Astronomy allows scientists to understand the origins of the universe.  天文学使科学家能够理解宇宙的起源。 Government funding for astronomy can lead to major technological advances.  政府对天文学的资助可带来重大技术进步。 Some argue that astronomy should receive less funding than medicine or engineering.  有人认为天文学不应获得像医学或工程那样多的资助。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking Part 2/3)

“I’m fascinated by astronomy because it reveals how vast the universe is.” “My favorite documentary is about modern astronomy and black holes.” “Astronomy has inspired many people to study science.”

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词(不可数 U)

发音

/əˈstrɒnəmi/

中文释义

天文学

常见搭配

modern astronomy / study astronomy / radio astronomy

派生词

astronomer(天文学家), astronomical(天文学的 / 巨大的)

同义词

astrophysics, cosmology

雅思用法

科技、教育、宇宙类作文常用词

词源

astro (星) + nomy (规律) → “研究星体规律的学科”