单词A30

🟦 at

/ət/, /æt/

preposition 【介词】

**一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

表示“在……地方、时间、状态或目标”,用于指出具体点、时刻、方向或行为对象。

**二、主要用法(Main Uses)

① 表示地点(Place)

用于指具体位置或点。

at school / home / the station / the door  在学校 / 家 / 车站 / 门口 We met at the bus stop.  我们在公交车站见面。

🔹 对比:

at → 强调点(点状位置) in → 强调范围(内部) on → 强调表面(表面上)

② 表示时间(Time)

用于具体时间点或节日。

at 5 o’clock 在五点钟 at midnight 在午夜 at Christmas 在圣诞节期间

❗️与 in the morning / on Monday 区分:

at:时间点 on:具体某天 in:较长时间段

③ 表示状态(State / Condition)

at work 在工作 at rest 在休息 at war 处于战争状态 at peace 处于和平状态 at risk 处于危险中

④ 表示方向或目标(Direction / Target)

She shouted at him. 她对他喊。 Don’t throw stones at the window. 不要向窗户扔石头。 He smiled at me. 他对我笑。

⑤ 表示速度、价格、比率等(Rate / Measurement)

driving at 100 km/h 以每小时100公里行驶 sold at $10 each 以每件10美元出售 interest at 5 percent 利率为5%

⑥ 表示原因或反应(Cause / Reaction)

She was surprised at his answer. 她对他的回答感到惊讶。 He laughed at my joke. 他笑了我的笑话。 I’m angry at the delay. 我对延误感到生气。

⑦ 表示活动(Activity)

at a meeting / party / concert / dinner  在会议 / 聚会 / 音乐会 / 晚宴上 He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。

三、固定搭配(Common Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

at all

根本;完全(用于否定句、疑问句)

at least

至少

at most

至多

at once

立刻;同时

at first

起初

at last

最后

at the same time

同时

at hand

在手边;即将来临

at present

目前

at times

有时

四、例句(Examples)

She works at a bank.  她在银行工作。 Look at the stars.  看那天上的星星。 He’s angry at being ignored.  他因为被忽视而生气。 At last, we reached the mountain top.  最后,我们到达了山顶。

五、同义词与对比(Synonyms & Comparison)

介词

含义

区别示例

at

点或具体目标

at the door (在门口)

in

在内部 / 空间

in the room (在房间里)

on

表面 / 接触点

on the wall (在墙上)

to

方向 / 到达

go to school (去学校)

六、雅思写作与口语应用(IELTS Usage)

🔹 写作:

At present, the number of electric cars is increasing rapidly.  目前,电动车数量迅速增长。 The unemployment rate stands at 8%.  失业率为8%。

🔹 口语:

I’m good at learning new languages. I met my best friend at university. We arrived at the airport early.

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

介词 (prep.)

发音

/ət/ 或 /æt/

核心意义

表示“点”、“时间”、“方向”、“状态”等

常见短语

at least, at once, at first, at all, at present

同义 / 近义词

in, on, to(根据语境区分)

雅思应用

常用于数据表达、时间状语、固定搭配中

🟦 athlete

/ˈæθliːt/

noun 【可数名词 C】

一、释义(Definition)

运动员;体育家;田径运动员  a person who competes in sports or other physical exercises, especially one who is good at them.

 > The Olympics bring together the best athletes from around the world.

 > 奥运会汇聚了来自世界各地最优秀的运动员。

 > He is a natural athlete with great strength and coordination.

 > 他天生就是一位体力与协调能力都很强的运动员。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

athletic /æθˈletɪk/

adj.

运动的;强壮的;田径的

She has a slim, athletic build. 她身材苗条健美。

athletics /æθˈletɪks/

n. [U]

体育运动;田径运动

He won three gold medals in athletics. 他在田径赛中赢得了三枚金牌。

athletically /æθˈletɪkli/

adv.

强壮地;运动员般地

He moves athletically despite his age. 尽管年纪大了,他仍行动矫健。

三、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义

sportsman / sportswoman

泛指体育运动员或体育爱好者

competitor

参赛者,竞争者(可指任何比赛)

player

球员(用于球类项目,如football player)

contestant

比赛选手(可用于体育或其他竞赛)

🔹 对比:

An athlete is skilled in sports involving physical strength and ability (e.g., running, jumping), while a player usually takes part in a team sport.

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

professional athlete

职业运动员

amateur athlete

业余运动员

Olympic athlete

奥运选手

star athlete

明星运动员

train / coach an athlete

训练 / 指导运动员

young / talented athlete

年轻的 / 有天赋的运动员

五、例句(Examples)

The country has produced many world-class athletes.  这个国家培养了许多世界级运动员。 An athlete must have both physical and mental strength.  运动员必须兼具体能和心理素质。 She became a professional athlete at the age of 18.  她18岁就成为了职业运动员。

六、词源(Etymology)

源自 希腊语 athlētēs,意为“竞争者、为奖品而奋斗的人”(from athlon = prize, contest)。

七、雅思应用(IELTS Academic Usage)

🔹 写作(Writing Task 2)

Professional athletes are often paid much higher salaries than other professionals. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

(职业运动员的收入远高于其他职业,讨论双方观点并给出你的意见。)

Example sentence:  Athletes who compete at an international level dedicate years of training to achieve excellence, which may justify their high income.  (国际级运动员多年刻苦训练以取得卓越成绩,这可能使其高薪合理化。)

🔹 口语(Speaking Part 2)

Describe a famous athlete you admire.

“I really admire Usain Bolt. He is one of the greatest athletes in history, known for his incredible speed and determination.”

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词(C)

发音

/ˈæθliːt/

基本义

运动员;田径选手

派生词

athletic, athletics, athletically

同义词

sportsman, player, competitor, contestant

常用搭配

Olympic athlete, professional athlete

雅思用途

常出现在体育类、健康类、成功与努力类话题中

🟦 Atlantic

/ətˈlæntɪk/

adjective & noun 【形容词 / 名词】

一、词性与释义(Part of Speech & Meaning)

🔹 adj.

大西洋的;濒临大西洋的;(尤指)西方国家的

relating to or situated on the Atlantic Ocean, or concerning the countries bordering it.

the Atlantic coast 大西洋沿岸

an Atlantic breeze 来自大西洋的海风

Atlantic trade routes 大西洋贸易航线

🔹 n. (the Atlantic)

大西洋

the Atlantic Ocean, the ocean between Europe and Africa on one side and North and South America on the other.

They sailed across the Atlantic.

他们横渡了大西洋。

The Atlantic separates Europe from America.

大西洋把欧洲与美洲隔开。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

Atlantis

n.

亚特兰蒂斯(传说中的大西洋岛国)

The legend of Atlantis has inspired many stories.

Transatlantic

adj.

横跨大西洋的;大西洋两岸的

a transatlantic flight 横跨大西洋的航班

Mid-Atlantic

adj.

大西洋中部的

the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 大西洋中脊

North Atlantic

adj.

北大西洋的

the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 北大西洋公约组织

三、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

适用语境

Oceanic

海洋的,泛指海洋相关

Marine

海洋的;航海的(更常用于生物或军事语境)

Coastal

沿海的(用于靠近海岸的地区)

🔹 区别:

Atlantic 强调“大西洋区域”;

Oceanic 泛指海洋;

Coastal 着重指靠海岸的地理位置。

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

the Atlantic Ocean

大西洋

across the Atlantic

横跨大西洋

the Atlantic coast / region

大西洋沿岸 / 地区

the Atlantic world / trade

大西洋世界 / 贸易体系

North Atlantic Treaty (NATO)

北大西洋公约组织

Atlantic slave trade

大西洋奴隶贸易(历史术语)

五、例句(Examples)

The ship disappeared somewhere in the Atlantic.  那艘船在大西洋某处失踪了。 The Atlantic winds are often strong and unpredictable.  大西洋的风常常强劲而多变。 The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world.  大西洋是世界第二大洋。 The Atlantic countries have maintained close economic cooperation.  大西洋沿岸国家保持着密切的经济合作。

六、词源(Etymology)

源自 拉丁语 Atlanticus,意为“属于Atlas(阿特拉斯)之地的”,因古希腊神话中“Atlas支撑天空”位于西方,因此以其命名大西洋。

七、雅思学术应用(IELTS Academic Usage)

🔹 写作 Task 1(地图 / 地理 / 气候类)

The Atlantic Ocean influences the climate of western Europe by bringing warm currents such as the Gulf Stream.

(大西洋通过携带如墨西哥湾暖流等洋流影响西欧气候。)

🔹 写作 Task 2(全球化 / 历史类)

The transatlantic trade routes played a significant role in shaping early globalization.

(跨大西洋贸易路线在早期全球化中发挥了重要作用。)

🔹 口语 Part 2

Describe a place near the sea you would like to visit.

— “I’d love to visit the Atlantic coast of Portugal, especially for its breathtaking ocean views.”

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

形容词 & 名词

发音

/ətˈlæntɪk/

基本义

大西洋的;大西洋

派生词

Transatlantic, Mid-Atlantic, North Atlantic

同义词

Oceanic, Marine, Coastal

常见搭配

Atlantic Ocean, across the Atlantic, Atlantic trade

雅思用法

地理、贸易、历史、气候类主题常见

🟦 atlas

/ˈætləs/

noun 【可数名词 C】

一、释义(Definition)

地图集;地图册 🗺️  a book of maps, charts, or tables showing geographical or astronomical information.

 > a world atlas 世界地图册

 > an atlas of the human body 人体图谱

 > I looked it up in my atlas. 我在地图册上查了它的位置。

(解剖)寰椎 🧠(专业术语)  the top bone of the neck that supports the skull.

 > The atlas and the axis are the first two cervical vertebrae.

 > 寰椎与枢椎是颈椎的前两节。

Atlas(神话)阿特拉斯  (in Greek mythology) a giant who was forced by Zeus to hold up the sky on his shoulders.  — Hence the name of the book atlas, symbolizing “holding up the world”.

 > In Greek mythology, Atlas was condemned to carry the heavens forever.

 > 在希腊神话中,阿特拉斯被罚永远支撑苍天。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

Atlases

n. pl.

“atlas”的复数形式

Several historical atlases show how Europe’s borders changed.

Atlantean

adj.

阿特拉斯的;亚特兰蒂斯的

Atlantean strength 阿特拉斯般的力量

Atlasic

adj.(罕)

绸缎似的;光滑的(源于一种名为atlas的丝织物)

三、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

释义

适用语境

map collection

地图合集

普通说明

chart book

含地理或航海图册

专业领域

gazetteer

地名词典(含地理数据)

学术 / 研究用途

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

world atlas

世界地图集

historical atlas

历史地图册

geological atlas

地质图集

anatomical atlas

解剖图谱

digital atlas

数字地图集

use / consult an atlas

使用 / 查阅地图册

五、例句(Examples)

A children’s atlas can help young learners understand geography better.  儿童地图册有助于孩子更好地理解地理。 The doctor referred to an anatomical atlas during the surgery.  医生在手术中参考了解剖图谱。 In the myth, Atlas was punished to hold up the sky forever.  在神话中,阿特拉斯被惩罚永远托举苍天。

六、词源(Etymology)

源自 希腊语 Atlas(Ἄτλας)——希腊神话中被罚支撑天穹的巨人。

📖 16世纪后期,因荷兰制图家 Mercator 在其地图集封面上绘有“阿特拉斯举天图”,该词由此成为“地图册”的代称。

七、学术与雅思用法(IELTS / Academic Usage)

🔹 写作(Writing Task 2 / Academic)

Modern atlases not only include political and physical maps but also illustrate social and economic data.

(现代地图集不仅包含政治与自然地理图,还展示社会与经济数据。)

🔹 口语(Speaking Part 2)

Describe a useful book you often read.

— “I often use a world atlas when I plan international trips. It helps me visualize routes and distances.”

🔹 学术搭配(Academic Collocations)

digital atlas of human anatomy climate atlas showing temperature variation global atlas of biodiversity

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词(C)

发音

/ˈætləs/

基本义

地图册;寰椎;希腊神话中的阿特拉斯

派生词

Atlases, Atlantean, Atlasic

同义词

map collection, chart book, gazetteer

常见搭配

world atlas, historical atlas, anatomical atlas

雅思用途

地理、医学、历史、学术描述类主题常见

词源

来自希腊神话中的巨人 Atlas,象征“支撑世界”

🟦 atmosphere

/ˈætməsfɪər/ (BrE) | /ˈætməsfɪr/ (AmE)

noun 【可数 / 不可数名词 C / U】

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

🔹 1. 大气层;气氛

自然科学意义:围绕地球或其他天体的气体层。

the layer of gases surrounding the Earth or another planet.

比喻意义:环境气氛,氛围。

the mood, feeling, or general character of a place, situation, or group of people.

二、详细解释(Oxford / Cambridge)

科学 / 天文学

“The layer of gases surrounding a planet, especially Earth.” 大气层,尤指地球大气。

环境 / 情绪

“The mood or feeling in a particular place or situation.” 氛围、情绪、环境特质。

三、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

含义

示例

atmospheric /ˌætməsˈferɪk/

adj.

大气的;空气的;有氛围的

Atmospheric pressure affects weather. 大气压力影响天气。

atmospherically

adv.

大气上;富有氛围地

The room was atmospherically lit with candles. 房间用烛光营造氛围。

atm

n.

大气压单位(technical)

The pressure is 1 atm at sea level. 海平面气压为1大气压。

四、同义词(Synonyms)

语义

同义词

备注

气氛 / 氛围

mood, ambiance, aura

多用于环境、情绪、文学描写

大气层

air, sky, heaven

“air”偏口语,“heaven”文学化

五、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

Earth’s atmosphere

地球大气层

thin / dense atmosphere

稀薄 / 稠密的大气

atmospheric pressure / conditions

大气压力 / 气象条件

create / give / have an atmosphere

营造 / 赋予 / 拥有氛围

tense / relaxed atmosphere

紧张 / 放松的气氛

romantic / festive atmosphere

浪漫 / 节日的氛围

六、例句(Examples)

The Earth’s atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.  地球大气层主要由氮气和氧气组成。 The restaurant has a cozy and friendly atmosphere.  这家餐厅的氛围温馨而友好。 Heavy pollution can damage the atmosphere and contribute to climate change.  严重污染会破坏大气层,并加剧气候变化。 The festival creates a lively atmosphere throughout the city.  节日给整个城市营造了热闹的氛围。

七、词源(Etymology)

📘 来自希腊语 atmos “蒸汽,气体” + sphaira “球体”,意为“环绕地球的气体球”。

八、雅思学术应用(IELTS / Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作(Writing Task 2 / Academic)

Human activities have altered the atmosphere, leading to global warming. 人类活动改变了大气层,导致全球变暖。 The cozy lighting and soft music created a warm atmosphere in the café. 柔和的灯光和轻音乐营造了咖啡馆温馨的氛围。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking Part 2 / 3)

Describe a place you enjoy visiting. “I love going to the library because it has a quiet and studious atmosphere.” Do you prefer a lively or calm atmosphere at restaurants?

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词(C / U)

发音

/ˈætməsfɪər/

基本义

大气层;环境氛围

派生词

atmospheric, atmospherically, atm

同义词

mood, ambiance, aura (氛围);air (大气)

常用搭配

Earth’s atmosphere, tense atmosphere, atmospheric pressure

雅思用途

科学、环境、气候、文学氛围类作文与口语话题

词源

Greek atmos + sphaira → “气体球”

🟦 atom

/ˈætəm/

noun 【可数名词 C】

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

🔹 原子

the smallest unit of a chemical element that can exist, consisting of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and electrons orbiting around it.

📘 中文释义:物质的最小单位,含原子核和电子。

An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

一个原子由质子、中子和电子组成。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

atomic /əˈtɒmɪk/

adj.

原子的;原子能的

Atomic energy can generate electricity. 原子能可以发电。

atomically /əˈtɒmɪkli/

adv.

原子地;微观地

The molecule is atomically structured. 该分子在原子层面上有结构。

atomism

n. [U]

原子论(哲学/科学)

Ancient atomism suggested that everything is made of atoms. 古代原子论认为万物由原子构成。

三、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

适用语境

particle

微粒,常指比原子更小或广义的微小颗粒

molecule

分子,通常由两个或更多原子组成

nucleus

原子核,强调原子的核心部分

🔹 区别:

atom 是化学最小单位; molecule 是由原子组成的化学结构; particle 更广泛,可指微粒或物理学概念。

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

atomic structure

原子结构

atomic nucleus

原子核

atomic energy / power

原子能 / 核能

atomic bomb / weapon

原子弹 / 核武器

split / fission an atom

裂变原子 / 原子裂变

atom of matter

物质的原子

五、例句(Examples)

An atom is the basic building block of all matter.  原子是构成所有物质的基本单位。 The scientists studied the atomic structure of the element.  科学家们研究了该元素的原子结构。 Atomic energy has both peaceful and military applications.  原子能既可用于和平用途,也可用于军事。 Splitting an atom releases a tremendous amount of energy.  裂变原子会释放巨大的能量。

六、词源(Etymology)

📘 来自希腊语 atomos,意为“不可切割的”,由 a- (不) + tomos (切割) 组成。

古希腊哲学家德谟克利特提出万物由不可分割的“atomos”构成。

七、雅思学术应用(IELTS / Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作 / 学术类(Writing Task 2 / Academic)

Understanding the structure of the atom is fundamental to modern chemistry and physics. 了解原子结构是现代化学和物理学的基础。 The development of atomic energy has significantly influenced global politics and technology. 原子能的发展显著影响了全球政治和科技。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking Part 2 / 3)

Describe a scientific discovery you find interesting. — “The discovery of the atom fascinated me because it revealed the building blocks of matter.” Do you think nuclear energy is safe? — “Atomic energy can be very powerful, but with careful management it can benefit humanity.”

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

名词(C)

发音

/ˈætəm/

基本义

原子

派生词

atomic, atomically, atomism

同义词

particle, molecule, nucleus

常用搭配

atomic energy, atomic structure, split an atom

雅思用途

科学、科技、核能、物理化学类作文与口语话题

词源

希腊语 atomos → 不可切割

🟦 attach

/əˈtætʃ/

verb 【及物动词 T】

一、核心释义(Core Meaning)

系上;附上;贴上 to fasten, join, or connect one thing to another. 📘 中文:附上;系上;连接

Please attach the document to your email.

请将文件附在你的电子邮件上。

使隶属于;使依附 to assign, ascribe, or give something as a responsibility or quality. 📘 中文:使隶属;附加;归于

Certain risks are attached to this investment.

这项投资附带一定风险。

产生重要性或价值 to give a particular quality, importance, or value to something.

I attach great importance to punctuality.

我非常重视守时。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

attachment

n. [C / U]

附件;依附;爱慕

I sent the report as an attachment. 我把报告作为附件发送。

attainable

adj.

可达到的,可实现的

Goals should be realistic and attainable. 目标应切实可行。 (词源相关,但注意和 attach 概念衔接)

attaching

v.

attach 的现在分词

Attaching a file is easy in most email clients. 在大多数邮件客户端中附加文件很容易。

三、同义词(Synonyms)

语义

同义词

备注

系上;附上

fasten, affix, link, append

fasten 偏物理固定;affix 偏正式书面

隶属;附加

associate, connect, relate, ascribe

associate 偏“联系”;ascribe 偏“归因”

重视;赋予

value, regard, consider, emphasize

在强调重要性时使用

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

attach importance to

重视;看重

attach a file / document

附加文件 / 文档

attach a label / tag

贴标签 / 标记

attach a condition / clause

附加条件 / 条款

emotionally attach to someone

对某人产生感情依附

五、例句(Examples)

Please attach your signature at the bottom of the form.  请在表格底部签名。 Many people attach too much importance to material wealth.  许多人过于重视物质财富。 She became emotionally attached to her new puppy.  她与新小狗建立了深厚的感情。 Attach the coupon to the front of the package.  将优惠券贴在包裹前面。

六、雅思学术应用(IELTS / Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作(Writing Task 2 / Academic)

Many students attach great importance to academic achievement rather than extracurricular activities. 很多学生更重视学业成绩,而不是课外活动。 Please ensure you attach all relevant documents when submitting your application. 提交申请时,请确保附上所有相关文件。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking Part 2 / 3)

Describe a document or file you often use. — “I often attach files to emails when communicating with colleagues.” Do you think people attach too much importance to social media? — “Yes, many people today attach excessive importance to likes and comments online.”

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词(T)

发音

/əˈtætʃ/

基本义

附上;系上;隶属;赋予重要性

派生词

attachment, attaching, (间接相关:attainable)

同义词

fasten, affix, link, associate, value, regard

常用搭配

attach importance to, attach a file, attach a label

雅思用途

学术写作、职场邮件、口语表达“重视”类话题

词源

来自拉丁语 attachare → “to fasten, join”

🟦 attack

/əˈtæk/

noun & verb 【名词 / 动词】

一、词性与释义(Part of Speech & Meaning)

🔹 verb (T)

攻击;进攻;袭击 to act violently against someone or something.

The army attacked the enemy at dawn.

军队在黎明时袭击敌人。

抨击;批评 to criticize someone or something strongly.

The editor attacked the government’s policies.

编辑猛烈抨击了政府的政策。

着手处理(问题、任务) to deal with a problem or task energetically.

We need to attack this issue immediately.

我们需要立即着手解决这个问题。

🔹 noun (C)

攻击;进攻;袭击

The sudden attack shocked the village.

突然的袭击让村庄震惊。

疾病发作;突然病痛

He suffered a heart attack last night.

他昨晚突发心脏病。

批评;指责

The proposal faced fierce attacks from the opposition.

该提案遭到反对派的猛烈批评。

二、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

attacker

n.

攻击者

The police caught the attacker. 警方抓住了攻击者。

attacking

adj. / v.

攻击性的;正在攻击

He adopted an attacking style in the debate. 他在辩论中采取了攻击性的风格。

attainable

adj.

可达到的(间接衍生)

三、同义词(Synonyms)

语义

同义词

适用语境

攻击 / 袭击

assault, strike, charge, raid

军事或体育进攻

批评 / 抨击

criticize, censure, condemn

文学、新闻、政治语境

处理 / 着手

tackle, confront, address

解决问题、任务时使用

四、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

launch / mount / carry out an attack

发动攻击

suffer / face an attack

遭受攻击

verbal / political / literary attack

言语 / 政治 / 文学批评

heart / asthma / panic attack

心脏 / 哮喘 / 惊恐发作

attacking style / strategy

攻击性风格 / 战略

五、例句(Examples)

Soldiers attacked the fortress at night.  士兵们在夜间攻打了堡垒。 She suffered a mild asthma attack yesterday.  她昨天轻微发作了哮喘。 The journalist attacked the government’s handling of the crisis.  记者抨击了政府处理危机的方式。 We must attack the problem from multiple angles.  我们必须从多个角度着手解决这个问题。

六、雅思学术应用(IELTS / Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作(Writing Task 2 / Academic)

Terrorist attacks have increased in recent years, raising global security concerns. 近年来恐怖袭击事件增加,引发全球安全关注。 The essay attacks common misconceptions about climate change. 这篇文章抨击了关于气候变化的普遍误解。 Doctors need to respond quickly to a heart attack to save the patient. 医生需要迅速应对心脏病发作以挽救病人。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking Part 2 / 3)

Describe a time when someone was unfairly criticized. — “A politician was attacked by the media for his comments on education policy.” Do you think countries should attack climate change issues aggressively? — “Yes, proactive measures are needed to tackle environmental problems.”

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词(T) & 名词(C)

发音

/əˈtæk/

基本义

攻击;袭击;抨击;发作

派生词

attacker, attacking

同义词

assault, strike, criticize, tackle

常用搭配

launch an attack, suffer an attack, heart attack, attacking strategy

雅思用途

新闻报道、政治、健康、写作议论文、口语描述事件

词源

来自拉丁语 attaccare → “fasten to, join; attack”

🟦 attain

/əˈteɪn/

verb 【及物动词(T) / 不及物动词(I)】

一、核心释义(Core Meanings)

🔹1. (经过长期努力)获得;实现;达到

to succeed in achieving something, especially after a lot of effort.

📘 中文释义: 经过艰苦努力而获得(目标、地位、水平等)。

He has attained the highest level of academic excellence.

他已达到了学术上的最高成就。

Few athletes ever attain such a high standard of performance.

很少有运动员能达到如此高的表现水平。

🔹2. (正式)到达;达到(某一年龄或程度)

to reach a particular age, level or condition.

She attained the age of 30 before completing her PhD.

她在完成博士学位前已年满30岁。

二、语法与用法(Grammar & Usage)

常与名词搭配: attain a goal / standard / success / perfection / height / age 语气正式,多用于书面语、学术或文学场合; 相对口语常用 achieve、reach。

📖 区别:

词汇

含义侧重

举例

attain

强调努力后“达到”理想或抽象目标

attain wisdom, attain freedom

achieve

强调“完成”任务或获得成果

achieve success, achieve victory

reach

强调“到达”具体或抽象位置

reach the mountain / reach a level

三、派生词(Derivatives)

派生词

词性

中文释义

示例

attainable

adj.

可达到的;可实现的

The goals are ambitious but attainable. 这些目标雄心勃勃但可实现。

attainment

n. [C/U]

成就;达到

Educational attainment is often used as an indicator of success. 教育成就常用作成功的衡量指标。

四、同义词(Synonyms)

同义词

含义区别

achieve

完成具体目标或任务(更常用)

accomplish

强调成功完成计划或任务

realize

实现愿望、理想(更具抽象性)

reach

达到水平、地点或阶段(可具体可抽象)

obtain

获取(正式用法,多指通过过程获得)

五、常见搭配(Collocations)

搭配

中文释义

attain a goal / objective / ambition

实现目标 / 理想

attain success / perfection / freedom

达到成功 / 完美 / 自由

attain a high level / standard / degree

达到高水平 / 标准 / 程度

attain maturity / adulthood

达到成熟 / 成年

attain enlightenment / wisdom

获得启迪 / 智慧

六、例句(Examples)

The institution aims to attain excellence in education and research.  该机构致力于在教育和科研方面达到卓越水平。 True happiness is rarely attained through material wealth alone.  真正的幸福很少仅靠物质财富获得。 By the age of 25, she had attained remarkable professional success.  到25岁时,她已取得显著的职业成就。 These objectives are ambitious but attainable within five years.  这些目标虽雄心勃勃,但在五年内可实现。

七、雅思学术应用(IELTS / Academic Usage)

✍️ 写作(Writing Task 2 / Academic)

Education enables individuals to attain a better quality of life. 教育使个人能够获得更高的生活质量。 Sustainable development can be attained only through international cooperation. 只有通过国际合作才能实现可持续发展。 Technological progress helps nations attain economic independence. 技术进步帮助国家实现经济独立。

🗣️ 口语(Speaking Part 3)

What goals do you hope to attain in the next few years? Do you think happiness can be attained through success?

八、词源(Etymology)

📖 源自拉丁语 attangere(“to reach, touch”),由前缀 ad-(towards)+ tangere(to touch)组成。

👉 意为“够到、触及” → 引申为“达到、实现”。

✅ 总结表

项目

内容

词性

动词(T / I)

发音

/əˈteɪn/

基本义

达到;获得;实现

派生词

attainment, attainable

同义词

achieve, accomplish, reach, realize, obtain

常用搭配

attain a goal / success / level / standard

风格

正式(academic / written English)

雅思用途

教育、目标、成就类作文常用

词源

拉丁语 attangere → “触及”